CN106637306A - Powder pre-paving type composite electroforming device - Google Patents
Powder pre-paving type composite electroforming device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106637306A CN106637306A CN201611122369.5A CN201611122369A CN106637306A CN 106637306 A CN106637306 A CN 106637306A CN 201611122369 A CN201611122369 A CN 201611122369A CN 106637306 A CN106637306 A CN 106637306A
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses a powder pre-paving type fast electrodepositing preparation device for metal and alloy and application of the device. Before deposition, powder in a material storage cavity is ejected through a feeding cavity lifting mechanism; a deposition layer is descended to 0.5-2.0 mm of the upper surface of a deposition cavity through a lifting mechanism of the deposition cavity; a feeding shaft wheel drives the metal powder to enter the deposition cavity; and the upper surface of the deposition cavity is uniformly paved with the powder. During electrodepositing, the deposited metal and the pre-paved metal powder are consistent in component, the gaps between pre-paved metal powder particles are filled with the deposited metal, powder paving is conducted again through a powder feeding device after the gaps between the pre-paved metal powder are filled with the deposited metal, and circulating is conducted in this way till electroforming is completed. Due to the fact that the metal powder is pre-paved, the metal deposition amount is decreased; and the relative density of the compacted multi-granularity mixed metal powder can reach 70% or above, therefore, the thickening rate of the metal deposition layer can be increased to 3 times or above, and the deposition layer is compact and uniform.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material processing technical field, and in particular to a kind of advance layer paving type electric deposition device of powder,
The new method of nickel and nickel alloy is quickly prepared using the advance layer paving type electrodeposition apparatus.
Background technology
The features such as galvanoplastics has good replication performance, low processing cost, relatively easy process equipment is closed in nickel and nickel
Golden preparation aspect obtains extensively application.Composite electroformed is that one kind passes through to add solid particle or fiber in the electrolytic solution, is sunk
Product is in electroformed layer.With regard to composite electroformed, CN201410639432 disclose a kind of anticorrosive wear-resistant metal surface coating and its
Preparation method, adds in the electrolytic solution silver powder and powder of straw obtains composite surface coating；CN201410450868 discloses one kind
The electro-deposition preparation method of carbon nano tube-copper based composite powder, by copper sulphate, sulfuric acid, CNT, additive Jing after processing
Electrolyte is configured to after being well mixed with water, CNT being uniformly distributed in copper particle is realized；CN201410373837
Disclosing a kind of CNT and/or Graphene strengthens lead base composite anode preparation method, by soluble lead salt, supports electrolysis
Matter, CNT and/or Graphene, dispersant and water are configured to electrolyte after being well mixed, electro-deposition in the electrolytic solution can
CNT and/or Graphene lead base composite granule are obtained in negative electrode.
But galvanoplastics haves the shortcomings that electroformed deposit speed is slow simultaneously, the sedimentation rate half of metal precipitation number per hour
Ten microns, the eletroforming time is long, and efficiency is low, becomes the key factor of its development of restriction.Traditional electroformed deposit technology is limited
In the speed of electro-deposition, shaping rate is slow, it is impossible to meet the shaping of larger workpiece, and composite electrodeposition is then used to prepare compound sinking
Lamination.
The content of the invention
For the less efficient problem of traditional galvanoplastics, the comprehensive composite electroformed technology of the present invention proposes a kind of powder
In advance the composite electroformed device of layer paving type, can be used for the deposition of the metal such as fast deposition Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, Sn, Ag and alloy, also may be used
For with these metals and alloy as the composite of matrix fast deposition.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of composite electroformed device of the advance layer paving type of powder, including power supply, electro-deposition room, cathode plate and plate,
Cathode plate and plate immerse in the electrolytic solution and up and down parallel opposed, it is characterised in that the advance layer paving of the powder
The composite electroformed device of formula also includes jacking system, pre- powdering system and control system；
The lifting of the control system control jacking system and the temperature of regulation electrolyte；
The jacking system realizes the batch-type hoisting of cathode plate and pre- powdering system；
The pre- powdering system includes powder feeding axle wheel, powder storing chamber and the first push rod, and the first push rod promotes powder feeding axle wheel to store up
The powder level in powder chamber is delivered at cathode plate, and powder is layed on cathode plate, by the reciprocal fortune of powder feeding axle wheel
It is dynamic to realize that powder is compacted；
The pre- powdering system is parallel with cathode plate surface to be generally aligned in the same plane.
The present invention provides the implementation of control system：Control system includes controller, apparatus for controlling of lifting, temperature control
Device, the temperature control equipment includes heater and thermometer, and temperature control equipment is realized detecting electrolyte temperature
And electrolyte temperature is adjusted between room temperature and 80 DEG C.
First push rod is connected through electro-deposition room side wall with powder feeding axle wheel, and powder feeding axle wheel is located at powder storing chamber top and can be the
In the movement of powder storing chamber upper surface under the effect of one push rod, the powder feeding axle wheel surface roughness is 3.2 μm～6.3 μm.
Jacking system includes the second push rod and the 3rd push rod, and the second push rod and the 3rd push rod pass through electro-deposition room bottom and divide
It is not connected with the push pedal in powder storing chamber and cathode plate, second push rod promotes the push pedal vertical shift in powder storing chamber to store up powder
The powder ejection in chamber, the 3rd push rod promotes cathode plate vertical shift.
The pre- powdering system single powdering thickness is 0.5～2.0mm.
The cathode plate and plate distance are in 20～100mm.
The powder feeding axle wheel is in axial direction than powder storing chamber per 10～15mm of hem width.
Guide runner is installed in the powder feeding axle wheel both sides, powder feeding axle wheel promotes powder to be sent into forward along guide runner, slide guide
Well width is 70～75mm, and depth is 4～6mm.
The each adjustable height of second push rod is 1～4mm, and the 3rd push rod single adjustable height is 0.5～2mm, second
Push rod and the 3rd push rod lifting precision are 0.1mm.
The method that a kind of composite electroformed device of the advance layer paving type of employing powder prepares metal and alloy, the method includes metal
At the beginning of pretreatment, electrolyte quota, the cathode plate of powder process, powder overlay and electro-deposition shaping, it is characterised in that it is described
Metal dust includes metal dust of the particle size range in 2 μm～50 μm of different-grain diameter, adds in the electrolyte that the method is used
Ethanol, citric acid and benzene sulfinic acid sodium salt are entered, the citric acid mass concentration is 2～40g/L, and the ethanol mass concentration is
100～500mL/L, benzene sulfinic acid sodium salt mass concentration is 0.2～0.4g/L.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：
Metal is prepared using the device of the present invention and alloy-steel casting has sedimentation rate fast, crystalline structure is fine and close, surface matter
The advantages of having measured.Further, since the metal or alloy powder for overlaying is prepared by flash set technology, solid solubility is high, powder is brilliant
Grain is tiny, is capable of achieving good refined crystalline strengthening, dispersion-strengtherning and particle strengthening, and the mechanical property and composition that can improve foundry goods is uniform
Property, and it is capable of achieving the adjustable of composition.The present invention need not be complicated equipment, and process is simple, material source be wide, price is low
Honest and clean, preparation cost is low, research and the applications expanding of the present invention application of galvanoplastics.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the composite electroformed device of the advance layer paving type of powder of the present invention；
The composite electroformed device top view of the advance layer paving type of Fig. 2 powder
Fig. 3 is the composite electroformed schematic diagram of the advance layer paving type of powder of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the electroformed nickel ESEM tissue for overlaying nickel powder；
Fig. 5 is deposition nickel top layer topography scan electromicroscopic photograph after addition 2g/L benzene sulfinic acid sodium salt brighteners.
The implication of each label is in figure：1- power supplys, 2- electro-deposition room, 3- cathode plates, 4- plates, 5- liftings system
System, 6-pre- powdering system, 7- control systems；
The push rods of 51- second, the push rods of 52- the 3rd；61- powder feeding axle wheels, 62- powder storing chambers, the push rods of 63- first, 64- guide runners；
71- controllers, 72- apparatus for controlling of lifting, 73- temperature control equipments, 731- heaters, 732- thermometers.
Specific embodiment
The following is inventor offer specific embodiment, it should be noted that the embodiment be to the present invention is made into
The explanation of one step, protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.
Embodiment 1：
The concrete steps for preparing metal and alloy materials using the device of the present invention include the pretreatment of metal dust, electrolysis
Liquid is prepared, processed at the beginning of cathode plate, the overlaying of powder, electro-deposition shaping.
(1) pretreatment of metal dust.1. in order to improve the compacted density of powder, wider powder size scope (2 is adopted
μm～50 μm), using varigrained powder particle, the gap between bulky grain is filled using short grained powder, improve powder
The apparent density and compacted density at end, the deposition of metal when reducing electroforming, improves electrotyping process speed；2. it is raising powder
Surface-active, to powder ball-milling treatment is carried out, with ethanol as ball-milling medium wet-milling 2h in ball mill；3. wettability treatment and go
Except surface and oil contaminant method is exactly to soak about 10h with 4mL/L polyacrylic acid solutions before metal dust adds electrolyte.
(2) electrolyte quota.Prepared using deionized-distilled water, and add absolute ethyl alcohol, utilized containing ethanol electrolyte
Low boiling realizes low temperature, low-voltage electro-deposition.Electrolytic cell is contained within deionized-distilled water, ethanol, C6H8O7、NaCl solution and
The main salt of deposited metal, C6H8O7Used as pH value poising agent, NaCl is conductive agent.NaCl concentration is 2～7.5g/L, C6H8O7It is dense
Spend for 2～40g/L, concentration of alcohol is 100～500mL/L, the main salt concentration for being deposited metal is 200g/L.It is tight in whole process
Lattice avoid the entrance of pollutant or impurity, need to carry out it removal of impurities process if necessary, after preparation is finished, electrolyte need to be carried out
Removal of impurities is processed.
(3) process at the beginning of cathode plate.Cathode plate is carried out successively, polishing, oil removing, passivation, washing, dried process.Its
1. middle polishing can be using mechanically polishing, and 2. electrobrightening, 3. chemical polishing its objective is the oxidation for thoroughly removing polar board surface
Layer, it is difficult to remove stain and small burr.According to size and shape need, the one of above-mentioned finishing method can be selected
Plant or several method.Cathode surface is cleaned repeatedly with acetone or absolute ethyl alcohol, to carry out oil removal treatment to it, then by pole plate
It is placed in dilute sulfuric acid etch for a period of time, is dried after finally repeatedly being rinsed with distilled water.
(4) powder overlays.Metal powder after activation is positioned in powder storage chamber, and by lowering or hoisting gear quantitative powder is ejected
End, and negative electrode is declined certain altitude by another lowering or hoisting gear, powder is pushed into cathode surface by powder feeding axle wheel and covers certain high
Degree.
(5) electro-deposition shaping.Current density is 500A/m2～A/m2, electrolyte temperature is 40～80 DEG C.After power on,
Metal anode dissolves in anode cavities, and metal ion be deposited on cathode plate between powder gap overlaying, and with overlay powder knot
It is combined, powder will be overlay by deposited metal and coupled together, forms pre- laying metal and deposited metal sedimentary.
Embodiment 2：
In the present embodiment：
Cathode base material adopts copper sheet, and size is 50mm × 50mm × 2mm；
Anode material is the nickel plate that purity is more than 99.9%, is shaped as 50mm × 50mm × 5mm, and anode and cathode is adopted to be immersed
Parallel opposed formula in the electrolytic solution, Anode-cathode Distance is between 50mm；
Anode nickel is plane, and the negative electrode copper sheet is also plane, and anode and cathode keeping parallelism, the described nickel powder that overlays also keeps
Parallel, parallel with anode and cathode surface, layer ensures the equal of cathode surface electrodepositing speed, and makes sedimentary uniform thickened；
Heated using electrothermal tube in the electroforming system, temperature control system realizes that temperature can between room temperature and 80 DEG C
Adjust, temperature adjustment precision is 0.5 DEG C；
Using nickel as deposited metal in the present embodiment, select globular powdered nickel to overlay metal dust, particle diameter is respectively 61 μ
M (240 mesh), 25 μm (500 mesh), 13 μm (1000 mesh), 10 μm (1340 mesh), 6.5 μm (2000 mesh), powder number ratio is 1：
1：2：8：8, it is in mass ratio 61 μm (240 mesh)：25 μm (500 mesh)：13 μm (1000 mesh)：10 μm (1340 mesh)：6.5μm
(2000 mesh)=103.31：7.12：2：3.04：1 prepares mixed-powder, and various particle diameters and ratio are according to the closely knit heaps of Horsfield
Product is theoretical, improves the bulk density of powder, is well mixed mixed-powder using planetary ball mill, using stainless-steel vacuum tank
And agate ball, add absolute ethyl alcohol as dispersant, ball milling 2h is well mixed in powder, and improves powder surface-active.
Powder after ball milling mixing is added into the composite electroformed device of the advance layer paving type of powder of the present invention, the powder feeding axle wheel of device
It is 70mm per hem width 10mm, i.e. feed spool wheel overall length than powder storing chamber and deposit cavity, when toward deposit cavity powder feeding, powdering, feed spool
Wheel promotes powder to be sent into forward along guide runner, and slide guide well width is 70mm, and depth is 5mm, prevents powder two during powder feeding
Side is spilt, and powder feeding axle wheel is plexiglass material, and surface roughness is 3.2 μm.
First after powder storing chamber filling mixing nickel powder, the electrolyte, bath composition is added to be in electrodeposition：Using deionization
Distilled water, NaCl 7g/L, citric acid (C6H8O7) 10g/L, C2H5OH 100mL/L, nickel chloride (NiCl2·6H2O) as main
Salt, content is 200g/L, and it is 5mL/min that main salt adds speed.By the NaCl for weighing up and C before deposition6H8O7And additive is put into electricity
Solution groove, adds solvent, inserts electrode.Solution is preheated by heater, adds nickel chloride (NiCl2·6H2O), connect
Power supply starts stable discharging, starts to be deposited on the negative electrode for overlay nickel powder.
As shown in figure 3, the composite electroformed process of the advance layer paving type of nickel powder is, when the powder feeding axle wheel completes a powder feeding,
Nickel powder is uniformly laid on deposition layer surface (or in cathode sheets) and is compacted, the Ni2 in electrolyte+Ion is reduced to deposit
Nickel dam starts deposition for negative electrode, and the nickel being reduced is filled between metal nickel powder particle, and deposited metal nickel is combined with nickel powder is overlay
Together, and with the nickel dam for depositing it is combined together, sedimentary foundry goods is thickening, when deposition nickel will overlay the space between nickel powder
After filling is finished, dust feeder carries out again paving nickel powder, so circulation, until completing electroforming.Nickel powder prespreading electro-deposition
The surface topography of nickel sedimentary is as shown in Figure 4, it can be seen that overlays and be deposited between nickel powder particle nickel filling, deposits nickel and overlay
It is tightly combined between nickel powder particle.Multi-granule mixing due to using nickel powder is overlay, reducing the deposition of nickel, Jing after compacting
Nickel powder relative density is up to more than 70%, therefore nickel sedimentary thickens speed and can bring up to more than 3 times, and nickel sedimentary is fine and close
Uniformly.
Using the C of 100mL/L during deposition2H5OH, is conducive to improving the sedimentation rate of nickel；Citric acid (C6H8O7) it is 10g/L
When, be conducive to improving the sedimentation rate of nickel, when citric acid concentration is too low, occur floccule in solution, nickel sedimentation rate is low.Lemon
The addition of acid makes the Ni2 in solution+It is changed into being coordinated particle raising cathodic polarization degree from hydrated particle, improves the deposition speed of nickel
Rate.With nickel chloride (NiCl2·6H2O) as main salt, Cl-Ion is anode activation agent, can suppress anodic passivity, reduces anode nickel
The dissolution potential of plate, accelerating anode dissolving, improves Ni in solution2+Concentration, improves the sedimentation rate of nickel.
Before deposition, powder feeding axle wheel is returned on the left of storage cavity before powder feeding, and feeding chamber lowering or hoisting gear promotes push rod, push rod push pedal
The powder of storage cavity is ejected, and the lowering or hoisting gear of the deposit cavity declines certain altitude, deposition layer surface is less than on deposit cavity
Surface 1.0mm, feed spool wheel promotes metal dust to enter deposit cavity, and powder is uniformly laid on the upper surface of sedimentary, and leads to
Cross the compacting of axle wheel.After completing feeding, powder feeding axle wheel returns to initial position and prepares powder feeding next time.
After completing powdering, electro-deposition fills electrolyte in room.Add brightener in electrolyte, improve the quality of sedimentary,
Add the benzene sulfinic acid sodium salt of 0.2g/L in electrolyte, be remarkably improved the uniformity of deposited metal crystal grain, improve the matter of sedimentary
Amount, adds top layer that nickel is deposited after brightener as shown in figure 5, surface deposited particles are uniform, highly polished.
Embodiment 3：
The power supply of the present invention can adopt the pulse power, carry out plasma electroforming；The paving of power spreading device of the present invention
Glass material is adopted using gap cooperation, storage cavity side wall, settling chamber side wall between the push rod and settling chamber side wall of powder wheel shaft, is stored up
The version that pushes away of material chamber powder lowering or hoisting gear and settling chamber's cathode lifting device adopts plexiglass material, the lifting of storage cavity powder
Coordinated using gap between the push pedal of device and storage cavity side wall, settling chamber's cathode lifting device push away version and settling chamber side wall it
Between using gap coordinate, prevent electrolyte from flowing out；The push rod of the powdering wheel shaft of described power spreading device, powder lowering or hoisting gear and the moon
Coordinated using gap between hole on the push rod and electrolytic cell of pole lowering or hoisting gear；Using plexiglass material, electroforming is met
The characteristics of process high voltage appearance, the corrosivity of electrolyte and higher temperature.
The present invention the composite electroformed device jacking system of the advance layer paving type of powder and pre- powdering system operation principle be：
Jacking system adopts batch-type hoisting, and the lowering or hoisting gear of storage cavity ejects 1～4mm and stops before deposition, lifting essence
Spend for 0.1mm, then powder is higher by storing 1～4mm of cavity edge, deposit cavity cathode lifting device declines 0.5～2mm and simultaneously stops, then
Negative electrode is less than 0.5～2mm of settling chamber edge and stops, and lifting precision is 0.1mm, and powdering axle wheel will be higher by the powder of storing cavity edge
End is pushed into settling chamber and is compacted in the powder of settling chamber's cathode surface, is again compacted in powder during powdering axle wheel backhaul；Work as deposition
After metal fills up in the powder gap of deposit cavity cathode surface, powder is ejected 1～4mm simultaneously by powder storage cavity lowering or hoisting gear again
Stop, and settling chamber's cathode lifting device declines again 0.5～2mm and stops, and carries out next stage deposition, so circulation.
The present invention the composite electroformed device course of work of the advance layer paving type of powder be：
Powder feeding axle wheel of the present invention is returned on the left of storage cavity before powder feeding, and feeding chamber lowering or hoisting gear promotes push rod, pushes away
Bar push pedal ejects in the powder of storage cavity, and the lowering or hoisting gear of the deposit cavity declines certain altitude, and deposition layer surface is less than heavy
Product chamber 0.5～2.0mm of upper surface, described powder lowering or hoisting gear and cathode lifting device adopts batch-type hoisting, lifts precision
For 0.1mm, feed spool wheel promotes metal dust to enter deposit cavity, and powder is uniformly laid on the upper surface of sedimentary, and passes through
Axle wheel is compacted.After completing feeding, powder feeding axle wheel returns to initial position and prepares powder feeding next time.
As shown in figure 3, when dust feeder completes a powder feeding, powder is uniformly laid on deposition layer surface and is compacted,
Metal ion in electrolyte is reduced to sedimentary and starts deposition for negative electrode, and what is be reduced is metal filled in metal dust
Between grain, deposited metal is consistent with the metal powder constituent for overlaying, and deposited metal is combined together with metal dust is overlay, and with
The metal level for having deposited is combined together, and sedimentary foundry goods is thickening, when deposited metal is filled out the space between metal dust is overlay
Charge after finishing, dust feeder carries out again powdering, so circulation, until completing electroforming.
Claims (10)
1. the composite electroformed device of the advance layer paving type of a kind of powder, including power supply (1), electro-deposition room (2), cathode plate (3) and sun
Pole pole plate (4), cathode plate (3) and plate (4) immerse in the electrolytic solution and up and down parallel opposed, it is characterised in that
The composite electroformed device of the advance layer paving type of the powder also includes jacking system (5), pre- powdering system (6) and control system (7)；
The lifting of the control system (7) control jacking system (5) and the temperature of regulation electrolyte；
The jacking system (5) realizes the batch-type hoisting of cathode plate (3) and pre- powdering system (6)；
The pre- powdering system (6) includes powder feeding axle wheel (61), powder storing chamber (62) and the first push rod (63), and the first push rod (63) is pushed away
The powder level of powder storing chamber (62) is delivered to cathode plate (3) place by dynamic powder feeding axle wheel (61), and powder is layed in into negative electrode pole
On plate (3), realize that powder is compacted by the reciprocating motion of powder feeding axle wheel (61)；
The jacking system (5) includes the second push rod (51) and the 3rd push rod (52), the second push rod (51) and the 3rd push rod (52)
It is connected through electro-deposition room (2) bottom and respectively with the push pedal in powder storing chamber (62) and cathode plate (3), second push rod
(51) the push pedal vertical shift in powder storing chamber (62) is promoted to eject in the powder of powder storing chamber (62), the 3rd push rod (52) promotes negative electrode
Pole plate (3) vertical shift；
The pre- powdering system (6) is parallel with cathode plate (3) surface to be generally aligned in the same plane.
2. the composite electroformed device of the advance layer paving type of powder as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that control system (7) bag
Controller (71), apparatus for controlling of lifting (72), temperature control equipment (73) are included, the temperature control equipment (73) is including heater
(731) and thermometer (732), temperature control equipment (73) is realized detecting electrolyte temperature and being made electrolyte temperature in room
Adjust between temperature and 80 DEG C.
3. the composite electroformed device of the advance layer paving type of powder as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that first push rod (63) is worn
Cross electro-deposition room (2) side wall to be connected with powder feeding axle wheel (61), the powder feeding axle wheel (61) is positioned at powder storing chamber (62) top and can be
In the movement of powder storing chamber (62) upper surface under first push rod (63) effect.
4. the composite electroformed device of the advance layer paving type of powder as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that powder feeding axle wheel (61) table
Surface roughness is 3.2 μm～6.3 μm.
5. the composite electroformed device of the advance layer paving type of powder as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the pre- powdering system (6)
Single powdering thickness is 0.5～2.0mm.
6. the composite electroformed device of the advance layer paving type of powder as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the cathode plate (3) and
Plate (4) distance is in 20～100mm.
7. the composite electroformed device of the advance layer paving type of powder as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that powder feeding axle wheel (61) edge
Axial direction is than powder storing chamber (62) per 10～15mm of hem width.
8. the composite electroformed device of the advance layer paving type of powder as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that in the powder feeding axle wheel (61)
Both sides are provided with guide runner (64), and powder feeding axle wheel (61) promotes powder to be sent into forward along guide runner (64), guide runner (64) width
For 70～75mm, depth is 4～6mm.
9. the composite electroformed device of the advance layer paving type of powder as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that second push rod (51) is every
Secondary adjustable height is 1～4mm, and the 3rd push rod (52) single adjustable height is 0.5～2mm, the second push rod (51) and the 3rd push rod
(52) lift precision and be 0.1mm.
10. the method that a kind of composite electroformed device of the advance layer paving type of powder of employing claim 1 prepares metal and alloy, the party
Process at the beginning of pretreatment, electrolyte quota, the cathode plate of method including metal dust, powder overlays and electro-deposition shaping, it is special
Levy and be, the metal dust includes metal dust of the particle size range in 2 μm～50 μm of different-grain diameter, what the method was used
Add ethanol, citric acid and benzene sulfinic acid sodium salt in electrolyte, the citric acid mass concentration is 2～40g/L, the ethanol matter
Amount concentration is 100～500mL/L, and benzene sulfinic acid sodium salt mass concentration is 0.2～0.4g/L.
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| CN103526236A (en) * | 2013-10-08 | 2014-01-22 | 南京航空航天大学 | Method for improving content of ceramic particles in metal-ceramic composite electroforming material |
| JP2015127451A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-07-09 | 山形県 | Production method of high adhesion plating film by scan type electric plating method |
| CN105442004A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-03-30 | 华南理工大学 | Metal porous surface structure, preparation method thereof and inlay electroplating device |
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