CN106630787B - 隔热防火型节能建筑板材 - Google Patents
隔热防火型节能建筑板材 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种隔热防火型节能建筑板材,其包括外部反射层、内部防火层以及包覆于外部反射层与内部防火层之间的中部隔热层,其中,外部反射层的内壁凹陷形成内凹腔,内部防火层的外壁凹陷形成外凹腔,外凹腔与内凹腔的位置相互对应且组合形成与中部隔热层形状对应的容置空间以收容中部隔热层,并且,外部反射层的周缘与内部防火层的周缘的相应位置分别设有至少二个通孔,使得至少二个紧固件分别穿过至少二个通孔而将外部反射层、中部隔热层以及内部防火层固定成一体。本发明的隔热防火型节能建筑板材不仅具有优良的隔热防火功效,而且使用安全性高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种建筑板材,尤其涉及一种节能建筑板材。
背景技术
随着能源危机的逐渐来临和人们环保节能意识的增强,节能技术得到了长足的进步,由于中国近年来房地产业的空前发展,紧紧围绕着房产伴生的节能建筑市场需求也逐渐巨大,其中也包括对节能建筑板材的需求。
建筑板材主要广泛地应用在建筑物的外墙、内墙、天花板、隔板等处的表面,建筑板材除装饰外,还有对墙体防护、保温、防湿、隔音等功能。当前,采用发泡聚苯板(EPS)、挤塑聚苯板(XPS)、喷涂聚氨酯(SPU)、聚碳酸酯等制作建筑板材,但是这些建筑板材的强度不高、承重力较低,其抗压强度约之忧0.294兆帕,且板材出厂后需经过一段时间成熟期才能确保其品质。而聚氨酯材料则是不耐酸碱、易老化、容易发生脱离现象。更为重要的是,有机材料制成的建筑板材的易燃性已成为其致命缺点,如XPS及EPS容易着火,PU遇到高温时会释放毒素。
此外,为了避免建筑物因内外界环境温度的变化,避免室内过热或者过冷,需要使用具有隔热功效的建筑板材。但是,现在目前使用的具有隔热功能的建筑板材在隔热效果上总是不尽如人意。
如中国专利申请201510876788.7号公开了一种防潮隔热的建筑板材,原料组分按照重量份组成如下:内涂层:水泥25-30份、炼钢废渣12-15份、珍珠岩粉6-8份、粉煤灰12-15份、膨胀玻化微珠2-3份、植物蛋白胶0.6-0.8份、EVA可再分散胶粉3-5份;外涂层:膨润土4-6份、植物蛋白胶0.3-0.5份、乳胶粉2-4份、海泡石5-8份、膨润土4-6份、超增塑剂0.8-1份、二氧化硅3-4份、防潮剂2-3份、耐碱玻璃纤维0.6-0.8份。然而,该专利公开的建筑板材是一种涂料性质的建筑材料,在施工时不仅周期长,而且工序复杂,同时该建筑板材不具有防火功能。
又如中国专利申请201210040398.2公开了一种不燃隔热隔音轻质保温装饰一体化建筑板材的制作方法,按产品总重量的百分比称取岩石发泡材料35%-45%、水泥30%-35%、甲基羟乙基纤维素0.2%-0.3%、可再分散性乳胶3.0-3.5%、木质纤维素0.2%-0.3%、废旧塑料微粉磨料15-25%,混合制成不燃隔热隔音轻质材料,把不燃隔热隔音轻质材料与水按比例搅拌后,注入瓷片的预制件的框架中压制瓷片保温板或压制涂漆面保温板。然而,该专利公开的建筑板材需要在不燃隔热隔音轻质材料上压制瓷片保温板或压制涂漆面保温板,这种压制的工艺存在一定的安全隐患,同时该专利公开的建筑板材在夏季隔离太阳辐射热及隔离室外高温的影响方面,尚未实现较好效果。
因此,提供一种安全性高并具有良好的隔热防火效果的节能建筑板材成为业内急需解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种安全性高、隔热效果佳、具备防火功效且体轻易安装的隔热防火型节能建筑板材。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种隔热防火型节能建筑板材,其包括外部反射层、内部防火层以及包覆于外部反射层与内部防火层之间的中部隔热层,其中,外部反射层的内壁凹陷形成内凹腔,内部防火层的外壁凹陷形成外凹腔,外凹腔与内凹腔的位置相互对应且组合形成与中部隔热层形状对应的容置空间以收容中部隔热层,并且,外部反射层的周缘与内部防火层的周缘的相应位置分别设有至少二个通孔,使得至少二个紧固件分别穿过至少二个通孔而将外部反射层、中部隔热层以及内部防火层固定成一体。
可选择地,紧固件为螺栓、螺钉、铆钉等具有紧固连接作用的机械零件。
可选择地,通孔可以是具有螺纹的螺栓孔。
优选地,中部隔热层上设有若干条相互间隔的纵向中空通道。
优选地,纵向中空通道的体积占中部隔热层的体积的30%~45%。
优选地,外部反射层及内部防火层的四个顶角处分别设有一个通孔。
优选地,外部反射层的原料组分按重量份计包括:水泥40~45份、水15~25份、填料16~18份、以及反射剂6~10份。
优选地,反射剂按重量份计包括1~3份的单晶硅粉末及5~7份的硅酸铝,其中,单晶硅粉末具有反射太阳光的功能,而硅酸铝则同时具备反射太阳光及阻隔热量传递的功效。
优选地,中部隔热层的原料组分按重量份计包括:水泥20~25份、水7~12份、玻璃粉6~8份、以及氧化锑3~4份。
优选地,玻璃粉的粒径尺寸为0.3~0.5毫米。
优选地,内部防火层的原料组分按重量份计包括:水泥25~30份、水12~20份、填料5~8份、以及珍珠岩粉6~8份。
优选地,填料为粒径尺寸为2~4毫米的氧化铝陶瓷球。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种隔热防火型节能建筑板材的制备方法,其包括:(1)、将水泥40~45份、水15~25份、填料16~18份、以及反射剂6~10份混合均匀后,放置于外部反射层模具中静置3~5小时,脱模,制得外部反射层;(2)、将水泥25~30份、水12~20份、填料5~8份、以及珍珠岩粉6~8份混合均匀后,放置于内部防火层模具中静置3~5小时,脱模,制得内部防火层;(3)、将水泥20~25份、水7~12份、玻璃粉6~8份、以及氧化锑3~4份混合均匀后,放置于中部隔热层模具中静置2~3小时,脱模,制得中部隔热层;(4)、将中部隔热层放置于内部防火层的外凹腔中,将外部反射层的内凹腔与外凹腔相对应,盖合于内部防火层上,通过至少二个紧固件分别穿过外部反射层及内部防火层周缘的相应位置的至少二个通孔,以将外部反射层、中部隔热层以及内部防火层固定成一体,制得隔热防火型节能建筑板材。
本发明的有益效果是:(1)、利用分别具有反射、隔热及防火效果的三层板材并合理构建三层板材之间的排布,使得形成的建筑板材具有优良的防火隔热效果;(2)、中部隔热层中纵向中空通道的设置不仅可有效减轻建筑板材的重量,而且还具有一定的隔音效果;(3)、中部隔热层设置于外部反射层与内部防火层之间形成的空腔中,外部反射层与内部防火层之间通过紧固件连接,使得三层板材的连接紧固、建筑板材的使用安全性高。
附图说明
图1为本发明的隔热防火型节能建筑板材的外部结构示意图。
图2为本发明的图1中的D-D截面的结构示意图。
图3为本发明的外部反射层及内部防火层的立体结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例,实施例的示例在附图中示出,其中自始自终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的,旨在用于解释本申请,而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
首先,请参考图1和图2,根据本发明的一种非限制性实施例,本发明的隔热防火型节能建筑板材包括外部反射层A、内部防火层B以及包覆于外部反射层A与内部防火层B之间的中部隔热层C。
其中,如图3所示,外部反射层A的内壁凹陷形成内凹腔V,为了容置中部隔热层C,与之相对应地,内部防火层的外壁凹陷形成外凹腔(图中未示出),而且外凹腔与内凹腔的位置相互对应,由此便组合形成一个容置空间,该容置空间与中部隔热层形状相对应,从而便可以将中部隔热层收容在该容置空间中。同时,外部反射层A与内部防火层B的四个顶角处及纵向中点处分别设有一个螺栓孔H,利用六根分别穿过螺栓孔H的螺栓将外部反射层A、中部隔热层C以及内部防火层B固定成一体。
作为一种可替代的实施方式,如图2所示,中部隔热层C上设有五条相互间隔的纵向中空通道P,纵向中空通道P的体积占中部隔热层C的体积的40%,从而不仅可以有效减轻建筑板材的重量利于施工,而且还可具有隔音防潮的功效。
对于外部反射层A、内部防火层B以及中部隔热层C的制备方法,下面结合具体实施例对其进一步详细阐述。
实施例1
按重量份计,将40份水泥、15份水、16份粒径尺寸为3毫米的氧化铝陶瓷球、2份单晶硅粉末及6份的硅酸铝放置于外部反射层模具中静置3小时,脱模后得到外部反射层。
接着,按重量份计,将20份水泥、8份水、6份粒径尺寸为0.4毫米的玻璃粉、以及4份氧化锑混合均匀后,放置于中部隔热层模具中静置2小时,脱模后得到中部隔热层。
然后,继续按重量份计,将30份水泥、20份水、8份粒径尺寸为2毫米的氧化铝陶瓷球、以及8份珍珠岩粉混合均匀后,放置于内部防火层模具中静置5小时,脱模后得到内部防火层。
最后,将中部隔热层放置于内部防火层的外凹腔中,将外部反射层的内凹腔与外凹腔相对应,盖合于内部防火层上,通过二个紧固件分别穿过外部反射层及内部防火层周缘的相应位置的二个通孔,从而将外部反射层、中部隔热层以及内部防火层固定成一体,制得隔热防火型节能建筑板材。
实施例2
按重量份计,将45份水泥、25份水、18份粒径尺寸为4毫米的氧化铝陶瓷球、1份单晶硅粉末及7份的硅酸铝放置于外部反射层模具中静置5小时,脱模后得到外部反射层。
接着,按重量份计,将25份水泥、12份水、8份粒径尺寸为0.3毫米的玻璃粉、以及3份氧化锑混合均匀后,放置于中部隔热层模具中静置3小时,脱模后得到中部隔热层。
然后,继续按重量份计,将25份水泥、12份水、5份粒径尺寸为3毫米的氧化铝陶瓷球、以及6份珍珠岩粉混合均匀后,放置于内部防火层模具中静置3小时,脱模后得到内部防火层。
最后,将中部隔热层放置于内部防火层的外凹腔中,将外部反射层的内凹腔与外凹腔相对应,盖合于内部防火层上,通过四个紧固件分别穿过外部反射层及内部防火层周缘的相应位置的四个通孔,从而将外部反射层、中部隔热层以及内部防火层固定成一体,制得隔热防火型节能建筑板材。
实施例3
按重量份计,将42份水泥、20份水、17份粒径尺寸为2毫米的氧化铝陶瓷球、3份单晶硅粉末及5份的硅酸铝放置于外部反射层模具中静置4小时,脱模后得到外部反射层。
接着,按重量份计,将22份水泥、10份水、7份粒径尺寸为0.5毫米的玻璃粉、以及3份氧化锑混合均匀后,放置于中部隔热层模具中静置2小时,脱模后得到中部隔热层。
然后,继续按重量份计,将28份水泥、15份水、6份粒径尺寸为4毫米的氧化铝陶瓷球、以及7份珍珠岩粉混合均匀后,放置于内部防火层模具中静置4小时,脱模后得到内部防火层。
最后,将中部隔热层放置于内部防火层的外凹腔中,将外部反射层的内凹腔与外凹腔相对应,盖合于内部防火层上,通过四个紧固件分别穿过外部反射层及内部防火层周缘的相应位置的四个通孔,从而将外部反射层、中部隔热层以及内部防火层固定成一体,制得隔热防火型节能建筑板材。
实施例4
按重量份计,将43份水泥、18份水、18份粒径尺寸为3毫米的氧化铝陶瓷球、2份单晶硅粉末及6份的硅酸铝放置于外部反射层模具中静置5小时,脱模后得到外部反射层。
接着,按重量份计,将24份水泥、12份水、8份粒径尺寸为0.3毫米的玻璃粉、以及4份氧化锑混合均匀后,放置于中部隔热层模具中静置3小时,脱模后得到中部隔热层。
然后,继续按重量份计,将27份水泥、13份水、5份粒径尺寸为4毫米的氧化铝陶瓷球、以及6份珍珠岩粉混合均匀后,放置于内部防火层模具中静置5小时,脱模后得到内部防火层。
最后,将中部隔热层放置于内部防火层的外凹腔中,将外部反射层的内凹腔与外凹腔相对应,盖合于内部防火层上,通过四个紧固件分别穿过外部反射层及内部防火层周缘的相应位置的四个通孔,从而将外部反射层、中部隔热层以及内部防火层固定成一体,制得隔热防火型节能建筑板材。
实施例5
按重量份计,将40份水泥、15份水、17份粒径尺寸为4毫米的氧化铝陶瓷球、3份单晶硅粉末及6份的硅酸铝放置于外部反射层模具中静置3小时,脱模后得到外部反射层。
接着,按重量份计,将20份水泥、10份水、8份粒径尺寸为0.3毫米的玻璃粉、以及4份氧化锑混合均匀后,放置于中部隔热层模具中静置3小时,脱模后得到中部隔热层。
然后,继续按重量份计,将30份水泥、18份水、6份粒径尺寸为4毫米的氧化铝陶瓷球、以及6份珍珠岩粉混合均匀后,放置于内部防火层模具中静置5小时,脱模后得到内部防火层。
最后,将中部隔热层放置于内部防火层的外凹腔中,将外部反射层的内凹腔与外凹腔相对应,盖合于内部防火层上,通过二个紧固件分别穿过外部反射层及内部防火层周缘的相应位置的二个通孔,从而将外部反射层、中部隔热层以及内部防火层固定成一体,制得隔热防火型节能建筑板材。
由此可见,本发明的通过利用分别具有反射、隔热及防火效果的三层板材并合理构建三层板材之间的排布,制备的建筑板材具有优良的防火隔热以及隔音的效果,同时通过紧固件的连接,有效地提高了建筑板材的使用安全性。
尽管在此已详细描述本发明的优选实施方式,但要理解的是本发明并不局限于这里详细描述和示出的具体结构和步骤,在不偏离本发明的实质和范围的情况下可由本领域的技术人员实现其它的变型和变体。
Claims (6)
1.一种隔热防火型节能建筑板材,其特征在于,包括外部反射层、内部防火层以及包覆于所述外部反射层与所述内部防火层之间的中部隔热层,其中,所述外部反射层的内壁凹陷形成内凹腔,所述内部防火层的外壁凹陷形成外凹腔,所述外凹腔与所述内凹腔的位置相互对应且组合形成与所述中部隔热层形状对应的容置空间以收容所述中部隔热层,并且,所述外部反射层的周缘与所述内部防火层的周缘的相应位置分别设有至少二个通孔,使得至少二个紧固件分别穿过所述至少二个通孔而将所述外部反射层、所述中部隔热层以及所述内部防火层固定成一体;其中,所述中部隔热层上设有若干条相互间隔的纵向中空通道;所述纵向中空通道的体积占所述中部隔热层的体积的30%~45%;所述外部反射层及所述内部防火层的四个顶角处分别设有一个通孔;所述外部反射层的原料组分按重量份计包括:水泥40~45份、水15~25份、填料16~18份、以及反射剂6~10份。
2.如权利要求1所述的隔热防火型节能建筑板材,其特征在于,所述反射剂按重量份计包括1~3份的单晶硅粉末及5~7份的硅酸铝。
3.如权利要求1所述的隔热防火型节能建筑板材,其特征在于,所述中部隔热层的原料组分按重量份计包括:水泥20~25份、水7~12份、玻璃粉6~8份、以及氧化锑3~4份。
4.如权利要求3所述的隔热防火型节能建筑板材,其特征在于,所述玻璃粉的粒径尺寸为0.3~0.5毫米。
5.如权利要求1所述的隔热防火型节能建筑板材,其特征在于,所述内部防火层的原料组分按重量份计包括:水泥25~30份、水12~20份、填料5~8份、以及珍珠岩粉6~8份。
6.如权利要求5所述的隔热防火型节能建筑板材,其特征在于,所述填料为粒径尺寸为2~4毫米的氧化铝陶瓷球。
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