CN106630150A - Drop oxygen enrichment type micro-aerobic-sludge-bed process and wastewater treatment method thereof - Google Patents

Drop oxygen enrichment type micro-aerobic-sludge-bed process and wastewater treatment method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106630150A
CN106630150A CN201710042346.1A CN201710042346A CN106630150A CN 106630150 A CN106630150 A CN 106630150A CN 201710042346 A CN201710042346 A CN 201710042346A CN 106630150 A CN106630150 A CN 106630150A
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oxygen
enriched
micro
sludge bed
drop
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CN201710042346.1A
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CN106630150B (en
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岳秀萍
张潇
赵博玮
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/301Aerobic and anaerobic treatment in the same reactor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/302Nitrification and denitrification treatment

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to a micro-aerobic biological treatment process and a method thereof for treating sewage. The micro-aerobic biological treatment process and the method thereof for treating the sewage aim at solving the problems that an existing wastewater treatment technique is not complete enough, high in energy consumption, high in running expense and complicated in process, and the like. In the process, a micro-aerobic sludge bed, a filling material, a drop flow guiding groove, an oxygen-enriched water refluxing tank, a refluxing pipe, a refluxing pump, a check valve, a water inlet pipe, a settling tank, a water outlet pipe and a residual sludge discharging pipe are provided. According to the method, a micro-aerobic environment is beneficial to the mutualism among an aerobic bacterium, an anaerobic bacterium and a facultative anaerobic bacterium; these cultures metabolize a pollutant in a synergistic manner; additionally, as oxygen participates in a biochemical reaction, the oxidizing action and the reducing action in a system can occur at the same time; the anaerobic respiration, the aerobic respiration, the nitrification and the denitrification are enabled to coexist in a treatment system; the system is subjected to oxygen enrichment by a drop procedure, so as to maintain an oxygen source in the sludge bed. The process and the method are compact in layout, and have a favorable application prospect in aspects of treating wastewater; the running space and the running expense are saved.

Description

Oxygen-enriched oxygen sludge bed process and its method for wastewater treatment of declining of drop
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of sewage, and in particular at drop oxygen-enriched decline oxygen sludge bed process and its waste water Reason method.
Background technology
Wastewater treatment in China factory major part adopts the processing mode with aerobic activated sludge process as core, and which is in waste water Denitrogenation aspect serves certain effect, but still suffers from many problems.Such as:Ammonia nitrogen is nitrified completely need to consume substantial amounts of oxygen, air blast The aeration energy consumption of aerating system can account for the 40%~50% of water factory's total energy consumption, and energy consumption of reaction is very high;To low C/N than waste water, need Additional organic carbon source;Technological process is long, and capital expenditure is high, and floor space is big etc..Although anaerobic reaction has operating cost relatively low, The advantage of the methane gas that the energy is provided can be produced, but to maintain anaerobic environment, the building equipment investment of early stage is big, and anaerobism Reaction rate is slower, and water outlet needs subsequent treatment.And dissolved oxygen mass concentration in the micro- of 0.3 mg/L~1.0 mg/L Under oxygen environment, aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria mutualism, these synergistic bacterium metabolism polluters, while existing Short distance nitration and denitrification, Simultaneous Nitrification-Denitrification, oxidative degradation etc. react, and are capable of achieving organic matter, NH4 +The pollutants such as-N It is common to remove.Therefore micro- oxygen water technology can apply to organic matter degradation and denitrogenation processing;And the technology is significantly reduced Aeration rate, equipment requirement that again need not be higher is a kind of technology of energy-conservation.
At present, technique representative in micro- oxygen technology has SHARON-ANAMMOX techniques, OLAND techniques, CANON works Skill etc., the aeration mode of these techniques has the shortcomings that aeration is uneven and consumes energy, and the present invention is using drop oxygen-enriched reflux muddy water Technique, the dissolved oxygen concentration for controlling to flow back in muddy water by controlling reflux ratio, can reach effective control dissolved oxygen concentration and low The effect of energy consumption.Have important practical significance in wastewater treatment practical application.
The content of the invention
The present invention is to solve prior art is not more perfect enough than the treatment technology of waste water for low C/N ratios and general C/N, deposit The problems such as complex process, big capital expenditure, high energy consumption, high processing cost, there is provided be related to the oxygen-enriched oxygen Sludge Bed work that declines of drop Skill and its method of wastewater treatment.
The oxygen-enriched oxygen sludge bed process that declines that drops of the present invention employs the following technical solutions realization:Drop is oxygen-enriched Decline oxygen sludge bed process, including micro- oxygen Sludge Bed, filler, drop drainage trough, heavy-oxygen-enriched water backflow pool, oxygen-enriched muddy water return duct, Reflux pump, check-valves, micro- oxygen Sludge Bed water inlet pipe, sedimentation basin, sedimentation basin outlet pipe and excess sludge discharge pipe composition;It is described micro- Oxygen Sludge Bed, filler drop drainage trough, heavy-oxygen-enriched water backflow pool, oxygen-enriched muddy water return duct, reflux pump, check-valves, micro- oxygen Sludge Bed Water inlet pipe constitutes a processing unit;The processing unit is placed in sedimentation basin, can be set at one or more in same sedimentation basin Reason unit;Micro- oxygen Sludge Bed is arranged and open top in vertical column, is internally provided with filler, and its open top border sets Have multiple to extraradial drop drainage trough, its bottom is provided with heavy-oxygen-enriched water refluxing opening and water inlet, flow back with oxygen-enriched muddy water respectively Pipe is connected with micro- oxygen Sludge Bed water inlet pipe;The oxygen-enriched muddy water backflow pool is arranged on micro- oxygen Sludge Bed bottom outer shroud, oxygen-enriched muddy water The width of backflow pool must assure that the top water outlet of micro- oxygen Sludge Bed is dropped down onto wherein under drop drainage trough whole, and its bottom is provided with Heavy-oxygen-enriched water refluxing opening is connected with oxygen-enriched muddy water return duct, and its periphery is provided with downflow weir;The oxygen-enriched muddy water return duct is provided with back Stream pump and check-valves;The sedimentation basin is that spoke is streamed, and is provided with sedimentation basin outlet pipe and excess sludge discharge pipe, its downflow weir Open height is slightly below the downflow weir open height of oxygen-enriched muddy water backflow pool.
The operation principle of the oxygen-enriched oxygen sludge bed process that declines that drops of the present invention:Waste water is by micro- oxygen Sludge Bed water inlet pipe Sludge Bed is entered from micro- oxygen Sludge Bed bottom, during by Sludge Bed base sludge layer, the sludge of sludge blanket is to the suspension in waste water While thing is retained, COD and NH is removed by microbial metabolism effect4 +The polluters such as-N, water outlet passes through micro- oxygen sludge Drop down onto oxygen-enriched muddy water backflow pool under the ring-type radiation drop drainage trough nature at the top of bed and realize oxic process, it is oxygen-enriched after muddy water Mix phegma Dissolved Oxygen concentration Control in 0.3mg/L ~ 1mg/L, in micro- oxygen environment aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria and the facultative anaerobic bacteria Mutualism, these synergistic bacterium metabolism polluters, realizes organic matter, NH4 +The common removal of the pollutants such as-N.
It is of the present invention to decline oxygen sludge bed process and its method of wastewater treatment is realized in using drop is oxygen-enriched: Using oxygen-enriched decline oxygen sludge bed process and its method for wastewater treatment of dropping, for processing low C/N than waste water, methods described includes Following steps:
Waste water is entered wherein by water inlet pipe from the bottom of micro- oxygen Sludge Bed, and the dirt in waste water is processed by micro- oxygen flora in packing layer Dye thing, treated waste water drop down onto under the drop drainage trough nature from the top of micro- oxygen Sludge Bed heavy-oxygen-enriched water backflow pool realize it is oxygen-enriched Process, the oxygen-enriched muddy water return duct of most of oxygen-enriched rear waste water Jing is back to micro- oxygen Sludge Bed for therein micro- by reflux pump pressurization Oxygen flora provides oxygen, and reflux ratio is 5:1~30:1;The oxygen-enriched waste water outflow of redundance is into sedimentation basin, then Jing sedimentation basins overflow Stream, is discharged by sedimentation basin outlet pipe, obtains qualified water outlet, and the excess sludge of the sedimentation basin bottom passes through excess sludge discharge pipe Discharge;
The microorganism of micro- oxygen Sludge Bed culture has good physicochemical structure and settling property, and micro- oxygen environment is beneficial to aerobic bacteria, detests Oxygen bacterium and facultative anaerobic bacteria mutualism, these synergistic bacterium metabolism polluters, and because oxygen participates in biochemical reaction, therefore, Oxidation in system can occur simultaneously with reduction so that anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration, nitrification and denitrification coexist in process In system, micro-oxygen conditions are maintained by the muddy water oxic process of drop drainage trough and annular oxygen-enriched muddy water backflow pool in Sludge Bed.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1. the present invention is used for wastewater treatment, can cost-effective synchronous organics removal, NH4 +The pollutants such as-N and TN, it is biological Denitrogenation is not required to additional carbon, and processing cost is low, has applications well prospect in terms of low C/N ratios and general C/N is processed than waste water.
2. the present invention adopts micro-oxygen conditions, and drop oxygen-enriched mode, and without the need for aerating system, operation energy consumption is low.
3. the technique designed by the present invention is drop oxygen-enriched reflux mode, can effectively be controlled by way of control reflux ratio Dissolved oxygen concentration processed, oxygen-enriched uniform and dissolved oxygen concentration is stable.
4. the present invention is applied widely, and structure is compacter in layout, saves running space and operating cost, takes up an area Few, making, installation, maintenance are convenient, and reduced investment is adapted to large-scale production.
Description of the drawings
The structural representation of the oxygen-enriched oxygen sludge bed process that declines of Fig. 1 drops of the present invention(One processing unit).
The structural representation of the oxygen-enriched oxygen sludge bed process that declines of Fig. 2 drops of the present invention(Multiple processing units).
The micro- oxygen Sludge Beds of 1-, 2- fillers, 3- drop drainage troughs, the oxygen-enriched muddy water backflow pools of 4-, the oxygen-enriched muddy water return ducts of 5-, 6- Reflux pump, 7- check-valves, the micro- oxygen Sludge Bed water inlet pipes of 8-, 9- sedimentation basins, 10- sedimentation basin outlet pipes, 11- excess sludge discharges Pipe.
Specific embodiment
Micro- top of oxygen Sludge Bed 1 is cylinder, and bottom is cone.
Drop drainage trough 3 is channel flow tubulose tank, and multiple drop drainage troughs 3 are equidistantly located on micro- oxygen Sludge Bed 1 Open top, adjacent drop drainage trough 3 is spaced 10 °.
The oxygen-enriched muddy water backflow pool 4 is the shallow pond with downflow weir, and its width is slightly larger than the drop length of drainage trough 3.
The reflux pump 6, by oxygen-enriched muddy water reflux ratio and then can control dissolved oxygen concentration in micro- oxygen Sludge Bed 1.
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to act specific embodiment set forth below:
With reference to Fig. 1 and 2 illustrate present embodiment, present embodiment drop it is oxygen-enriched decline oxygen sludge bed process by micro- oxygen Sludge Bed 1, Filler 2, drop drainage trough 3, oxygen-enriched muddy water backflow pool 4, oxygen-enriched muddy water return duct 5, reflux pump 6, check-valves 7, micro- oxygen Sludge Bed Water inlet pipe 8, sedimentation basin 9, sedimentation basin outlet pipe 10 and excess sludge discharge pipe 11 are constituted;Micro- oxygen Sludge Bed 1, filler 2, fall Water drainage trough 3, oxygen-enriched muddy water backflow pool 4, oxygen-enriched muddy water return duct 5, reflux pump 6, check-valves 7, micro- structure of oxygen Sludge Bed water inlet pipe 8 Into a processing unit;The processing unit is placed in sedimentation basin 9, and in same sedimentation basin 9 one or more processing units can be set; Micro- oxygen Sludge Bed 1 is arranged and open top in vertical column, is internally provided with filler 2, and its open top border is provided with many It is individual to it is extraradial drop drainage trough 3, its bottom is provided with heavy-oxygen-enriched water refluxing opening and water inlet, respectively with oxygen-enriched muddy water return duct 5 It is connected with micro- oxygen Sludge Bed water inlet pipe 8;The oxygen-enriched muddy water backflow pool 4 is arranged on the bottom outer shroud of micro- oxygen Sludge Bed 1, oxygen-enriched muddy water The width of backflow pool must assure that the top water outlet of micro- oxygen Sludge Bed 1 is dropped down onto wherein under the drop whole of drainage trough 3, and its bottom sets There is heavy-oxygen-enriched water refluxing opening to be connected with oxygen-enriched muddy water return duct 5, its periphery is provided with downflow weir;Set on the oxygen-enriched muddy water return duct 5 There are reflux pump 6 and check-valves 7;The sedimentation basin 9 is that spoke is streamed, and is provided with sedimentation basin outlet pipe 10 and excess sludge discharge Pipe 11, its downflow weir open height is slightly below the downflow weir open height of oxygen-enriched muddy water backflow pool 4.
Operation method one:Using process described in specific embodiment low C/N than waste water method specifically according to the following steps Carry out:
Waste water is entered wherein, by micro- oxygen flora in filler 2 by micro- oxygen Sludge Bed water inlet pipe 8 from the bottom of micro- oxygen Sludge Bed 1 Pollutant in reason waste water, treated waste water drops down onto oxygen-enriched mud under the nature of drop drainage trough 3 at the top of micro- oxygen Sludge Bed 1 Water backflow pool 4 realizes oxic process, the oxygen-enriched muddy water return duct 5 of most of oxygen-enriched rear waste water Jing, is back to by the pressurization of reflux pump 6 micro- Oxygen Sludge Bed 1 provides oxygen for micro- oxygen flora therein, and reflux ratio is 20:1;The oxygen-enriched waste water outflow of redundance is to sedimentation basin 9 In, then the overflow of Jing sedimentation basins 9, discharged by sedimentation basin outlet pipe 10, qualified water outlet is obtained, the residue of the bottom of the sedimentation basin 9 is dirty Mud is discharged by excess sludge discharge pipe 11;
Operation method two:Specifically entered according to the following steps than the method for waste water using general C/N is processed described in specific embodiment OK:
General C/N removes hydraulic detention time 12h than waste water, and reflux ratio is 30:Outside 1, other steps are identical with operation method one.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is verified using following examples:
Embodiment one:The present embodiment is illustrated with reference to Fig. 1, the present embodiment processes low C/N ratios using specific embodiment described device The concrete grammar of waste water is as follows:
Low C/N is entered wherein by micro- oxygen Sludge Bed water inlet pipe 8 than waste water from the bottom of micro- oxygen Sludge Bed 1, by micro- in 2 layers of filler Oxygen flora processes the pollutant in waste water, and treated waste water falls naturally from the drop drainage trough 3 at the top of micro- oxygen Sludge Bed 1 Oxic process is realized to oxygen-enriched muddy water backflow pool 4, the oxygen-enriched muddy water return duct 5 of most of oxygen-enriched rear waste water Jing is pressurizeed by reflux pump 6 It is back to micro- oxygen Sludge Bed 1 and provides oxygen for micro- oxygen flora therein, reflux ratio is 20:1, hydraulic detention time is 15h;It is unnecessary The oxygen-enriched waste water outflow in part is into sedimentation basin 9, then the overflow of Jing sedimentation basins 9, is discharged by sedimentation basin outlet pipe 10, obtain it is qualified go out Water, the excess sludge of the bottom of the sedimentation basin 9 is discharged by excess sludge discharge pipe 11;
Sludge described in such scheme used by the sludge blanket of micro- bottom of oxygen Sludge Bed 1 is secondary sedimentation tank of sewage treatment work sludge.
Low C/N is than the water quality index of waste water described in such scheme:COD 230mg/L, NH4 +- N 200mg/L, TN 210mg/L。
Treatment effect is:COD clearance >=80%, NH4 +- N clearance >=94%, TN clearance >=77%.
Embodiment two:The present embodiment is illustrated with reference to Fig. 1, the present embodiment processes general using specific embodiment described device C/N is as follows than the concrete grammar of waste water:
General C/N is entered wherein, by 2 layers of filler by micro- oxygen Sludge Bed water inlet pipe 8 than waste water from the bottom of micro- oxygen Sludge Bed 1 Micro- oxygen flora processes the pollutant in waste water, and treated waste water is under the nature of drop drainage trough 3 at the top of micro- oxygen Sludge Bed 1 Drop down onto heavy-oxygen-enriched water backflow pool 4 and realize oxic process, the oxygen-enriched muddy water return duct 5 of most of oxygen-enriched rear waste water Jing is pressurizeed by reflux pump 6 It is back to micro- oxygen Sludge Bed 1 and provides oxygen for micro- oxygen flora therein, reflux ratio is 30:1, hydraulic detention time is 12h;It is unnecessary The oxygen-enriched waste water outflow in part is into sedimentation basin 9, then the overflow of Jing sedimentation basins 9, is discharged by sedimentation basin outlet pipe 10, obtain it is qualified go out Water, the excess sludge of the bottom of the sedimentation basin 9 is discharged by excess sludge discharge pipe 11;
Sludge described in such scheme used by the sludge blanket of micro- bottom of oxygen Sludge Bed 1 is secondary sedimentation tank of sewage treatment work sludge.
General C/N is than the water quality index of waste water described in such scheme:COD 450mg/L, NH4 +- N 47mg/L, TN 70mg/L。
Treatment effect is:COD clearance >=90%, NH4 +- N clearance >=90%, TN clearance >=80%.

Claims (6)

1. drop the oxygen-enriched oxygen sludge bed process that declines, it is characterised in that including micro- oxygen Sludge Bed(1), filler(2), drop drainage Groove(3), oxygen-enriched muddy water backflow pool(4), oxygen-enriched muddy water return duct(5), reflux pump(6), check-valves(7), the water inlet of micro- oxygen Sludge Bed Pipe(8), sedimentation basin(9), sedimentation basin outlet pipe(10)With excess sludge discharge pipe(11)Composition;Micro- oxygen Sludge Bed(1), fill out Material(2), drop drainage trough(3), oxygen-enriched muddy water backflow pool(4), oxygen-enriched muddy water return duct(5), reflux pump(6), check-valves(7)、 Micro- oxygen Sludge Bed water inlet pipe(8)Constitute a processing unit;The processing unit is placed in sedimentation basin(9)In, same sedimentation basin(9) It is interior to set one or more processing units;Micro- oxygen Sludge Bed(1)Arrange in vertical column and open top, be internally provided with Filler(2), its open top border is provided with multiple to extraradial drop drainage trough(3), its bottom is provided with heavy-oxygen-enriched water refluxing opening And water inlet, respectively with oxygen-enriched muddy water return duct(5)With micro- oxygen Sludge Bed water inlet pipe(8)It is connected;The heavy-oxygen-enriched water backflow pool(4) It is arranged on micro- oxygen Sludge Bed(1)Bottom outer shroud, oxygen-enriched muddy water backflow pool(4)Width must assure that micro- oxygen Sludge Bed(1)Top Portion's water outlet is along drop drainage trough(3)Drop down onto under whole wherein, oxygen-enriched muddy water backflow pool(4)Bottom is provided with heavy-oxygen-enriched water refluxing opening with richness Oxygen muddy water return duct(5)It is connected, its periphery is provided with downflow weir;The oxygen-enriched muddy water return duct(5)It is provided with reflux pump(6)With only Return valve(7);The sedimentation basin(9)It is streamed for spoke, and it is provided with sedimentation basin outlet pipe(10)With excess sludge discharge pipe(11), Its downflow weir open height is slightly below oxygen-enriched muddy water backflow pool(4)Downflow weir open height.
2. the oxygen-enriched oxygen sludge bed process that declines of drop according to claim 1, it is characterised in that micro- oxygen Sludge Bed(1) Top is cylinder, and bottom is cone.
3. the oxygen-enriched oxygen sludge bed process that declines of drop according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the drop drainage trough(3) For channel flow tubulose tank, multiple drop drainage troughs(3)Equidistantly it is located on micro- oxygen Sludge Bed(1)Open top, it is adjacent to fall Water drainage trough(3)10 ° of interval.
4. the oxygen-enriched oxygen sludge bed process that declines of drop according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the heavy-oxygen-enriched water backflow pool (4)It is the shallow pond with downflow weir, its width is slightly larger than drop drainage trough(2)Length.
5. the oxygen-enriched oxygen sludge bed process that declines of drop according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the reflux pump(6), can Micro- oxygen Sludge Bed is further controlled by oxygen-enriched muddy water reflux ratio(1)Interior dissolved oxygen concentration.
6., using the oxygen-enriched oxygen sludge bed process that declines of the drop described in claim 1, concrete grammar is as follows when processing waste water:
Waste water passes through water inlet pipe(8)From micro- oxygen Sludge Bed(1)Bottom enter wherein, by filler(2)Micro- oxygen flora is processed in layer Pollutant in waste water, treated waste water is from micro- oxygen Sludge Bed(1)The drop drainage trough at top(3)Drop down onto under nature oxygen-enriched Muddy water backflow pool(4)Realize oxic process, the oxygen-enriched muddy water return duct of most of oxygen-enriched rear waste water Jing(5), by reflux pump(6)Pressurization It is back to micro- oxygen Sludge Bed(1)Oxygen is provided for micro- oxygen flora therein, reflux ratio is 5:1~30:1;The oxygen-enriched waste water of redundance Overflow is to sedimentation basin(9)In, then Jing sedimentation basins(9)Overflow, by sedimentation basin outlet pipe(10)Discharge, obtain qualified water outlet, it is described Sedimentation basin(9)The excess sludge of bottom passes through excess sludge discharge pipe(11)Discharge.
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Cited By (6)

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CN107417040A (en) * 2017-06-21 2017-12-01 安徽普氏生态环境工程有限公司 A kind of sewage disposal system and its sewage water treatment method
CN108101214A (en) * 2017-12-22 2018-06-01 太原理工大学 A kind of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket-outer circulation drop oxygen-enriched reflux declines the technique of oxygen Sludge Bed Treating Municipal Sewage
CN108217940A (en) * 2017-12-22 2018-06-29 太原理工大学 The cultural method of comprehensive denitrifying sludge under a kind of micro-oxygen conditions
CN110342634A (en) * 2019-07-05 2019-10-18 太原理工大学 The micro- oxygen sludge bed process of membrane aeration biomembrane and its wastewater treatment method
CN111777165A (en) * 2019-04-04 2020-10-16 广源造纸股份有限公司 Adjusting tank structure of wastewater treatment system
CN113387445A (en) * 2021-07-07 2021-09-14 太原理工大学 Hydrolytic acidification-solar power supply-microalgae aeration-coupled reflux oxygen supply micro-aerobic sludge bed combination device and application thereof

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CN108217940A (en) * 2017-12-22 2018-06-29 太原理工大学 The cultural method of comprehensive denitrifying sludge under a kind of micro-oxygen conditions
CN108217940B (en) * 2017-12-22 2021-04-06 太原理工大学 Culture method of comprehensive denitrification sludge under micro-aerobic condition
CN111777165A (en) * 2019-04-04 2020-10-16 广源造纸股份有限公司 Adjusting tank structure of wastewater treatment system
CN110342634A (en) * 2019-07-05 2019-10-18 太原理工大学 The micro- oxygen sludge bed process of membrane aeration biomembrane and its wastewater treatment method
CN113387445A (en) * 2021-07-07 2021-09-14 太原理工大学 Hydrolytic acidification-solar power supply-microalgae aeration-coupled reflux oxygen supply micro-aerobic sludge bed combination device and application thereof

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