CN106626547A - 一种纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106626547A
CN106626547A CN201611163954.XA CN201611163954A CN106626547A CN 106626547 A CN106626547 A CN 106626547A CN 201611163954 A CN201611163954 A CN 201611163954A CN 106626547 A CN106626547 A CN 106626547A
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韩奇钢
徐凯强
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Jilin University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法，所述纤维增强复合材料由纤维树脂层与阻尼层交替铺放，其中：纤维树脂层为被树脂浸润的纤维，阻尼层为被树脂浸润的蜂窝材料；纤维树脂层与阻尼层的层间可以添加橡胶层或金属层；纤维树脂层、阻尼层以及橡胶层、金属层相互交替设置。所述纤维增强复合材料制备方法包括步骤一：将纤维经树脂浸润制成纤维树脂层；步骤二：将蜂窝材料经树脂浸润制成阻尼层，纤维树脂层与阻尼层的层结构间可以添加橡胶层或金属层；步骤三：将纤维树脂层与阻尼层交替铺放于模具型腔内；步骤四：将模具型腔内的层结构经加温、加压和固化处理，制成层结构复合材料。本发明有效提升了复合材料阻尼及防火性能。

Description

一种纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明公开了一种纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法，涉及功能复合材料制造技术，属于材料学领域。
背景技术
复合材料因具有比强度高、可设计性强等特点，广泛应用于汽车、船舶、航空、航天等领域。遗憾的是，普遍使用的纤维树脂复合材料的阻尼性能及防火性能较差，不能满足汽车、船舶、航空、航天减震降噪、防火安全需求。因此，如何实现材料阻尼及防火性能提升已经成为汽车、船舶、航空、航天领域迫切需要解决的技术难题。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的缺陷，为提升复合材料阻尼及防火性能，满足汽车、船舶、航空、航天领域减震降噪、防火安全需求，本发明公开了一种纤维增强复合材料及其制备方法，技术方案如下：
一种纤维增强复合材料，所述复合材料由纤维树脂层与阻尼层交替铺放组成；所述纤维树脂层为被树脂浸润的纤维材料，所述阻尼层为被树脂浸润的蜂窝材料。
一种纤维增强复合材料，其中，所述纤维树脂层与阻尼层的层间还添加橡胶层、金属层或橡胶/金属层，各层间相互交替设置。
一种纤维增强复合材料制备方法，
步骤一：将纤维经树脂浸润制成纤维树脂层；
步骤二：将蜂窝材料经树脂浸润制成阻尼层；
步骤三：将纤维树脂层与阻尼层交替铺放于模具型腔内；
步骤四：将模具型腔内的层结构经加温、加压和固化处理，制成层结构复合材料。
一种纤维增强复合材料制备方法，其中，步骤二中所述纤维树脂层与阻尼层的层结构间添加橡胶层、金属层或橡胶/金属层，各层间相互交替设置。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
1、本发明将纤维树脂复合材料的比强度高、蜂窝与橡胶的阻尼特性强、金属的防火、延展及可修复性好等优点相结合，具有较强的设计性；
2、本发明通过对纤维、树脂、蜂窝、橡胶、金属板的种类、铺排方式、体积分数等参数的优选，制备出的纤维增强阻尼复合材料阻尼性能提升20-30％、防火系数提升30-50％、强度提高15-20％、延展性提高5-10％，且易修复，其可广泛应用于火车、船舶、航空航天、汽车等领域。
附图说明
图1为不同层材料组成的纤维增强复合材料的结构示意图，其中：
图1a为纤维树脂层、阻尼层组成的纤维增强复合材料结构示意图；
图1b为纤维树脂层、阻尼层、橡胶层组成的纤维增强复合材料结构示意图；
图1c为纤维树脂层、阻尼层、金属层组成的纤维增强复合材料结构示意图。
图2为不同外层材料组成的纤维增强复合材料的结构示意图，其中：
图2a为纤维树脂层为外层材料的纤维增强复合材料结构示意图；
图2b为金属层为外层材料的纤维增强复合材料结构示意图；
图2c为橡胶层为外层材料的纤维增强复合材料结构示意图。
图3为采用连续纤维丝增强的纤维增强复合材料结构示意图。
图4为采用连续纤维织物增强的纤维增强复合材料结构示意图。
图中：
1.纤维树脂层，2.阻尼层，3.金属层，4.橡胶层，5.短纤维，6.连续纤维丝，7.连续纤维织物。
具体实施方式
为了进一步阐述本发明的技术方案，结合说明书附图，本发明的具体实施方式如下：
如图1a所示，本发明提供了一种纤维增强复合材料，所述纤维增强复合材料由纤维树脂层1和阻尼层2交替铺排组成；纤维树脂层2是由被树脂浸润的纤维材料制成，阻尼层是由被树脂浸润的带有孔隙的蜂窝材料制成，纤维树脂层1和阻尼层2之间通过树脂粘结。
在上述结构的基础上，如图1b所示，纤维增强复合材料内添加有橡胶层4，以增加纤维增强复合材料的阻尼性能，且纤维树脂层1、阻尼层2和橡胶层4交替铺排，各层结构之间通过树脂粘结。
为了进一步提高纤维增强复合材料的强度，在复合材料内还添加有防火功能的金属层3，如图1c所示，且纤维树脂层1、阻尼层2和金属层3交替铺排，各层结构之间通过树脂粘结。
如上所述，本发明提供的纤维增强复合材料，在纤维树脂层1和阻尼层2的基础上，可根据实际需要选择添加橡胶层4和金属层3中的一种或两种，所添加的层结构材料均相互交替铺排，铺排顺序可根据实际需要进行选择，各层结构之间通过树脂粘结。
此外，如图2a、2b和2c所示，本发明提供的纤维增强复合材料的外层材料根据实际需要，可选用树脂纤维层1、金属层3、橡胶层4或阻尼层2。
如图3和4所示，在所述纤维树脂层1中，所采用的纤维材料为连续纤维丝6或连续纤维织物7；也可以采用短纤维5，如图1a所示；此外，也可采用其它纤维材料。
结合上述一种纤维增强复合材料的结构，本发明还提供了一种纤维增强复合材料的制备方法，具体过程如下：
步骤一：制备纤维树脂层1和阻尼层2；
制备纤维树脂层1：将短纤维、连续纤维丝或连续纤维织物等纤维材料在树脂中浸润，制成纤维树脂层1；
制备阻尼层2：将蜂窝材料在树脂中浸润，制成阻尼层2；
步骤二：将制备好的纤维树脂层1和阻尼层2以层结构的形式交替铺放于模具型腔内，纤维树脂层1和阻尼层2之间通过树脂粘接；
在此步骤中，根据实际需要添加橡胶层4和金属层3中的一种或两种。其中所述橡胶层4的材质可以为硅橡胶、丁基橡胶、丁腈橡胶等或其它；所述金属层3为金属板材经去杂处理后制成，金属板材的材质可以为铝合金、钛合金、铝锂合金或镁合金等或其它。
步骤三：将已交替铺排好的层结构经热压制备得到纤维增强阻尼复合材料。

Claims (4)

1.一种纤维增强复合材料，其特征在于：所述复合材料由纤维树脂层与阻尼层交替铺放组成；所述纤维树脂层为被树脂浸润的纤维材料，所述阻尼层为被树脂浸润的蜂窝材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种纤维增强复合材料，其特征在于：所述纤维树脂层与阻尼层的层间还添加橡胶层、金属层或橡胶/金属层，各层间相互交替设置。
3.一种纤维增强复合材料制备方法，其特征在于：
步骤一：将纤维经树脂浸润制成纤维树脂层；
步骤二：将蜂窝材料经树脂浸润制成阻尼层；
步骤三：将纤维树脂层与阻尼层交替铺放于模具型腔内；
步骤四：将模具型腔内的层结构经加温、加压和固化处理，制成层结构复合材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种纤维增强复合材料制备方法，其特征在于：步骤二中所述纤维树脂层与阻尼层的层结构间添加橡胶层、金属层或橡胶/金属层，各层间相互交替设置。
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Cited By (4)

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Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107507945A (zh) * 2017-08-24 2017-12-22 智车优行科技（上海）有限公司 车用电池包盖板和车用电池包
CN112277394A (zh) * 2019-07-24 2021-01-29 永虹先进材料股份有限公司 复合材料多层结构及其制造方法
CN110341213A (zh) * 2019-08-07 2019-10-18 青岛理工大学 共固化短纤维树脂基阻尼复合材料的成型工艺及成型件
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