CN1066203C - 从含闪锌矿的矿石或精砂中回收锌的方法 - Google Patents

从含闪锌矿的矿石或精砂中回收锌的方法 Download PDF

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CN1066203C
CN1066203C CN97192839A CN97192839A CN1066203C CN 1066203 C CN1066203 C CN 1066203C CN 97192839 A CN97192839 A CN 97192839A CN 97192839 A CN97192839 A CN 97192839A CN 1066203 C CN1066203 C CN 1066203C
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leaching
process according
concentrates
sphalerite
zinc
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CN1212732A (zh
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S·布劳维尔
D·范豪特
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Umicore NV SA
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Union Miniere NV SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
    • C22B19/02—Preliminary treatment of ores; Preliminary refining of zinc oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/02—Roasting processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
    • C22B19/20—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling
    • C22B19/22—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling with leaching with acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
    • C22B19/20—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling
    • C22B19/24—Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling with leaching with alkaline solutions, e.g. ammonia
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及从含闪锌矿的矿石或精砂中回收锌的方法，该方法第一步是将所述矿石和精砂进行热处理，使闪锌矿转化成更容易在湿法冶金介质中化学浸蚀的物质，第二步是将所述物质进行浸提，其特征在于，所述热处理主要由热循环和快速冷却循环组成，所述热循环是在至少部分闪锌矿能转化成纤锌矿的条件下进行，而所述快速冷却循环是在至少部分纤锌矿能保持于低温的条件下进行。

Description

从含闪锌矿的矿石或精砂中回收锌的方法
本发明涉及从含闪锌矿的矿石或精砂中回收锌的方法，按照该方法，第一步，将所述矿石或精砂进行热处理，在使闪锌矿转化为在湿法冶金介质中更容易被化学浸蚀的物质；第二步将所述物质浸提。
根据现有技术所述，将含闪锌矿的矿石及精砂进行焙烧处理，由此矿石或精砂在高温下被氧化。该焙烧步骤中，硫化锌被转化成氧化锌同时释放出SO2和热量。随后将氧化锌进行浸提处理使之进入溶液中。此种传统流程存在几种弊病：不得不将SO2进一步加工，并产生大量硫酸。并且在硫酸中进行浸提一般需要二步，即第一步将矿石或精砂进行中性浸提，第二步将剩下的铁酸锌类物进行强酸浸提。根据所用的方法不同，在强酸浸提过程中溶解的铁以黄钾铁钒、针铁矿或赤铁矿形式沉淀出来。
本发明的目的，其中包括提供一种产生的酸比现有技术方法少得多的加工工艺，并且其浸提以一步法代替二步法。
为此目的，根据本发明，所述热处理主要由加热矿石或精砂组成，所述的加热是在非氧化条件下，和在闪锌矿转化为纤锌矿的转化温度以上，即在900℃以上的温度进行，使闪锌矿至少部分转化为纤锌矿，然后在使纤锌矿至少部分保持低温的条件下对该矿石或精砂进行骤冷。
推定所述转化温度是闪锌矿中所含杂质之量的函数，因此，该闪锌矿中溶化的铁量越高，所述转化温度便越低。
本发明优选实施方案中，热循环在1020℃以上温度进行。
根据本发明的另一优选实施方案，所述的骤冷是在水或湿法冶金介质中完成的。
第二步的浸提法可在能从纤锌矿中浸提出锌的所有各种酸性、中性或碱性湿法冶金介质中进行。虽然根据现有技术，用于浸提的湿法冶金介质通常含硫酸，但也可使用含HCl、NaOH、NH4 +离子(例如NH4Cl溶液)等的溶液；HCl和/或H2SO4被用于本发明优选实施方案中。
浸提可以在非氧化条件下进行，或者可以在氧化条件下进行，例如用O2或Cl2作为氧化剂。
浸提之后，将含锌的溶液提纯，然后采用电解法从该溶液中回收锌。
本发明的其它特征和优点，将从下面根据本发明处理矿石或散装精砂方法的具体实施方案描述看出。要提到的是，EP-A-0195650公开了一种从含铁硫化锌精砂中回收锌的方法。将所述含闪锌矿的精砂在700-1050℃温度氧气不足1大气压的条件下进行氧化焙烧。该步骤中铁优先被氧化，形成铁酸锌类物，需将其分离且耗资处理，所以该步骤效率低。将含铁级分和含未反应的硫化锌级分分离并进一步加工。WO-A-9013679也公开了一种很相似的方法，即在700-1050℃不足1大气氧条件下，选择性焙烧硫化锌矿石或精砂中的铁。
下面的比较实验，以来自Brunswick Mining和Smelting的硫化锌精砂二个样品进行，仅作为实施例并不以此限制本发明之范围。经分析该精砂的近似wt％含量如下：52Zn、10Fe、2.0Pb、0.4Cu、33.6S以及2wt％典型杂质，这些杂质包括SiO2、MgO、Al2O3和CaO。一个样品加热到约1100℃，并很快冷却。然后，取每个样品100g放在1升6N HCl溶液，于90℃浸提。对于热处理样品而言，残渣仅剩4g，而未处理样品则残渣剩50g。当精砂加热到1100℃时，样品的闪锌矿转化成纤锌矿，通过在水中骤冷很快冷却下来保持该状态。结果证明采用热处理与快速冷却相结合，由此将闪锌矿转化成纤锌矿，这样根据反应式 的ZnS非氧化浸提可以得到促进。
在该实验中，纤锌矿浸提反应产生ZnCl2和H2S。在进行所需纯化处理后通过电解，锌可从溶液中回收，该电解在阴极产生锌，而在阳极产生Cl2。特别是所述Cl2可以与浸提反应产生的H2S反应而产生硫元素，它比硫酸易积聚，而产生的HCl可在浸提步骤中循环使用。此外，H2S和/或Cl2可在其它许多湿法冶金操作中直接用作反应试剂。
当然本发明并不限于以上实施例及以上方法实施方案的介绍。

Claims (13)

1．从含闪锌矿的矿石或精砂中回收锌的方法，该方法第一步是将所述矿石和精砂进行热处理，使闪锌矿转化成更容易在湿法冶金介质中受化学浸蚀的物质，第二步是将所述物质进行浸提，其特征在于，所述热处理主要由加热所述矿石或精砂组成，所述的加热是在非氧化条件下，在900℃以上的温度进行，使至少部分闪锌矿转化成纤锌矿，然后在至少部分纤锌矿能保持于低温的条件下对该矿石或精砂进行骤冷。
2．根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，所述的加热该矿石或精砂是在1020℃以上温度进行。
3．根据权利要求1或2任意一项的方法，其特征在于所述的骤冷是在水或所述湿法台金介质中实现的。
4．根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于第二步包括在酸溶液中浸提。
5．根据权利要求4的方法，其特征在于所述的酸溶液含盐酸和/或硫酸。
6．根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于所述浸提在非氧化条件下进行。
7．根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于回收浸提产生的H2S，并将之用于任何其它化学单元的操作中。
8．根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于所述浸提在氧化条件下进行。
9．根据权利要求8的方法，其特征在于，所述的氧化条件优选是以O2或Cl2作为氧化剂。
10．根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于所述浸提是在有NH4 +离子存在下进行。
11．根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于所述浸提在中性或碱性溶液中进行。
12．根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于将所述第二步获得的溶液提纯。
13．根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于采用电解法从溶液中回收锌。
CN97192839A 1996-03-07 1997-03-06 从含闪锌矿的矿石或精砂中回收锌的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1066203C (zh)

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EP (1) EP0909336B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP3899428B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100496320B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1066203C (zh)
AU (1) AU721143B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR9707929A (zh)
DE (1) DE69702613T2 (zh)
ES (1) ES2150240T3 (zh)
NO (1) NO322208B1 (zh)
PL (1) PL185916B1 (zh)
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RU2567782C2 (ru) * 2013-09-24 2015-11-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Курганский государственный университет" Способ получения металлического цинка из водной суспензии частиц, содержащих соединения этого элемента руды, и устройство для его осуществления
CN109763141B (zh) * 2019-01-31 2021-02-05 白银原点科技有限公司 一种多金属浸出回收工艺

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990013679A1 (en) * 1989-05-03 1990-11-15 University Of Waterloo A novel process for the treatment of zinc sulphide containing ores and/or concentrates

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GB701555A (en) * 1950-12-21 1953-12-30 New Jersey Zinc Co Autogenous roasting of sulphide ore concentrates
US4049770A (en) * 1973-10-19 1977-09-20 Sherritt Gordon Mines Limited Recovery of copper and zinc as sulfides from copper-iron sulfides
SU926045A1 (ru) * 1980-09-18 1982-05-07 За витель Способ переработки халькопиритсодержащих медных руд и концентратов
EP0195650A3 (en) * 1985-03-21 1987-04-08 Materials - Concepts - Research Limited Recovery of zinc from zinc-bearing sulphidic ores and concentrates by controlled oxidation roasting

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990013679A1 (en) * 1989-05-03 1990-11-15 University Of Waterloo A novel process for the treatment of zinc sulphide containing ores and/or concentrates

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ES2150240T3 (es) 2000-11-16
JP3899428B2 (ja) 2007-03-28
US6162346A (en) 2000-12-19
NO984064L (no) 1998-09-03
NO984064D0 (no) 1998-09-03
AU2382597A (en) 1997-09-22
PL328773A1 (en) 1999-02-15
AU721143B2 (en) 2000-06-22
NO322208B1 (no) 2006-08-28
EP0909336A1 (en) 1999-04-21
DE69702613D1 (de) 2000-08-24
KR100496320B1 (ko) 2005-09-15
BR9707929A (pt) 1999-07-27
WO1997033007A1 (en) 1997-09-12
PL185916B1 (pl) 2003-08-29
KR19990087466A (ko) 1999-12-27
DE69702613T2 (de) 2001-08-02
EP0909336B1 (en) 2000-07-19
JP2000506222A (ja) 2000-05-23
CN1212732A (zh) 1999-03-31

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Assignee: Yunnan copper fine arts Zinc Alloy Co., Ltd.

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