CN106616384A - 低胆固醇牛排及其制作方法 - Google Patents
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- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-STWYSWDKSA-M potassium sorbate Chemical compound [K+].C\C=C\C=C\C([O-])=O CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-STWYSWDKSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/14—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12
- A23B4/18—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B4/20—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种低胆固醇牛排及其制作方法,所述低胆固醇牛排的制作方法,包括如下步骤:(1)解冻;(2)切割;(3)腌渍:将切割好的牛排装入真空滚揉机中,加入牛排重量20‑30%的腌渍液,滚揉腌渍20‑40min;(4)涂抹玉米胚芽油;(5)包装。本发明制得的低胆固醇牛排,能有效保留牛肉中的肉质细嫩,易于消化,最大程度地保留牛肉原有的色泽、香味及牛肉中大部分的水,添加多种降低胆固醇的有效成分,食用后体内胆固醇不会升高,对于肠胃消化功能不好、胆固醇偏高的人群也可食用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品加工领域,具体涉及一种低胆固醇牛排及其制作方法。
背景技术
牛肉具有高蛋白质、低脂肪的优点,是西方发达国家主要的消费肉类,价格远高于猪肉和鸡肉。在中国,随着人们生活水平的提高,牛肉消费量在快速增长,如何评价牛肉品质也越来越受到重视。牛肉的食用品质主要包括嫩度、风味、多汁性等。
肉的嫩度指肉入口后食者咀嚼过程中的感受,是消费者最重视的食用品质之一,它决定了肉在食用时口感的老嫩,是反映肉质构的指标。人们通常所说肉的嫩或老实质上是对肌肉各种蛋白质结构特性的总体概括,它直接与肌肉蛋白质的结构及某些因素作用下蛋白质发生变性、凝聚或分解有关。肉的嫩度总结起来包括以下四方面的含义:第一,肉对舌或颊的柔软性,即当舌头与颊接触肉时产生的触觉反应。肉的柔软性变动很大,从软糊糊的感觉到木质化的结实程度;第二,肉对牙齿压力的抵抗性,即牙齿插入肉中所需的力。有些肉硬得难以咬动,而有的柔软得几乎对牙齿无抵抗性;第三,咬断肌纤维的难易程度,指的是牙齿切断肌纤维的能力,首先要咬破肌外膜和肌束,因此这与结缔组织的含量和性质密切相关;第四,嚼碎程度,用咀嚼后肉渣剩余的多少以及咀嚼后到下咽时所需的时间来衡量。
风味指人们通过嗅觉、味觉等感受器对肉所产生的特有的感官感受,主要包括滋味和香味。香味由各种挥发性物质刺激鼻粘膜产生,滋味则由各种水溶性、脂溶性物质刺激味蕾产生。
多汁性是评价肉食品品质的一个主观指标,对多汁性较为可靠的评定仍是主观感觉(口感)评定,对多汁性的评判可分为两个方面:一是开始咀嚼时根据肉中释放出的肉汁多少;二是根据咀嚼过程中肉汁释放的持续性;三是根据在咀嚼时刺激唾液分泌多少;四是根据肉中的脂肪在牙齿和舌头及口腔其他部位的附着给人以多汁性的感觉。
本发明提供了一种低胆固醇牛排,营养美味。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明所要解决的技术问题之一是提供一种低胆固醇牛排的制作方法。
本发明所要解决的技术问题之二是提供上述方法制备的低胆固醇牛排。
一种低胆固醇牛排的制作方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)解冻;
(2)切割;
(3)腌渍:将切割好的牛排装入真空滚揉机中,加入牛排重量20-30%的腌渍液,滚揉腌渍20-40min;
(4)涂抹玉米胚芽油;
(5)包装。
优选地,所述的腌渍液由下述重量份的原料制备而成:黄豆5-15份、山楂5-15份、葡萄3-7份、咖喱粉1-5份、胡萝卜5-15份、食盐0.1-1份、保鲜剂0.01-0.1份、磷酸盐0.1-1份、水80-180份。
优选地,所述的保鲜剂为乳酸钠、丙酸钠、山梨酸钾中一种或多种的混合物。
更优选地,所述的保鲜剂由乳酸钠、丙酸钠、山梨酸钾混合而成,所述乳酸钠、丙酸钠、山梨酸钾的质量比(1-3):(1-3):(1-3)。
优选地,所述的磷酸盐为六偏磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、焦磷酸钠中一种或多种的混合物。
更优选地,所述的磷酸盐由六偏磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、焦磷酸钠混合而成,所述六偏磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、焦磷酸钠的质量比(1-3):(1-3):(1-3)。
本发明还提供了一种低胆固醇牛排,采用上述方法制备而成。
本发明制得的低胆固醇牛排,能有效保留牛肉中的肉质细嫩,易于消化,最大程度地保留牛肉原有的色泽、香味及牛肉中大部分的水,添加多种降低胆固醇的有效成分,食用后体内胆固醇不会升高,对于肠胃消化功能不好、胆固醇偏高的人群也可食用。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体的描述,有必要在此指出的是以下实施例只用于对本发明进行进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。该领域的技术熟练人员可以根据上述本发明的内容,对本发明做出一些非本质的改进和调整。
实施例中各原料介绍:
玉米胚芽油,采用山东西王食品有限公司提供的玉米胚芽油。
黄豆,拉丁学名:Glycine max(Linn.)Merr。
山楂,拉丁学名:Crataegus pinnatifida。
葡萄,拉丁学名:Vitis vinifera。
咖喱粉,采用上海味好美食品有限公司提供的味好美咖喱粉。
胡萝卜,拉丁学名:Daucus carota。
食盐,采用中盐上海市盐业公司提供的加碘精制岩盐。
六偏磷酸钠,CAS号:10124-56-8,采用保康楚烽化工有限责任公司生产的食品级六偏磷酸钠。
磷酸氢二钠,CAS号:7758-79-4,采用湖南食添生物科技有限公司提供的食品级磷酸氢二钠。
焦磷酸钠,CAS号:7722-88-5,采用湖北兴发化工集团股份有限公司提供的食品级焦磷酸钠。
乳酸钠,CAS号:312-85-6。
丙酸钠,CAS号:137-40-6。
山梨酸钾,CAS号:590-00-1。
牛肉,采用甘肃康美现代农牧产业集团有限公司提供的夏洛莱牛里脊部位的肉,在-18℃冷冻储藏备用。
实施例1
低胆固醇牛排的制作方法,其按照如下步骤制备:
(1)解冻:将冷冻牛肉于6℃、相对湿度50wt%的条件下进行解冻;
(2)切割:将解冻后的牛肉冲洗干净,去除牛肉表面的筋膜后,将牛肉切割成牛排,牛排厚度为1.2cm、重量为150g;
(3)腌渍:将切割好的牛排装入真空滚揉机中,加入牛排重量25%的腌渍液(即每100g牛排加入25g腌渍液),滚揉腌渍30min,转速为30转/min,温度为5℃,真空度为0.05MPa;
(4)涂抹玉米胚芽油:将玉米胚芽油均匀涂抹在腌渍后的牛排表面,每100g牛排涂抹3g玉米胚芽油;
(5)包装::将涂抹玉米胚芽油后的牛排灭菌后真空包装,将包装好的牛排送入速冻库速冻,速冻温度在-30℃,速冻时间为12小时;将速冻好的牛排装入包装箱,入冷冻库冷藏,冷藏温度为-18℃,即得低胆固醇牛排。
所述的腌渍液由下述重量份的原料制备而成:黄豆10份、山楂10份、葡萄5份、咖喱粉3份、胡萝卜10份、食盐0.5份、保鲜剂0.021份、磷酸盐0.3份、水100份。将黄豆、山楂、葡萄、胡萝卜洗净后粉碎至80目,然后再与咖喱粉、食盐、保鲜剂、磷酸盐、水搅拌混合均匀,最后采用180目滤布过滤即得腌渍液。
所述的保鲜剂由乳酸钠、丙酸钠、山梨酸钾按质量比为1:1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。
所述的磷酸盐由六偏磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、焦磷酸钠按质量比为1:1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。
实施例2
与实施例1基本相同,区别仅仅在于:所述的保鲜剂由丙酸钠、山梨酸钾按质量比为1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。
实施例3
与实施例1基本相同,区别仅仅在于:所述的保鲜剂由乳酸钠、山梨酸钾按质量比为1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。
实施例4
与实施例1基本相同,区别仅仅在于:所述的保鲜剂由乳酸钠、丙酸钠按质量比为1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。
实施例5
与实施例1基本相同,区别仅仅在于:所述的磷酸盐由磷酸氢二钠、焦磷酸钠按质量比为1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。
实施例6
与实施例1基本相同,区别仅仅在于:所述的磷酸盐由六偏磷酸钠、焦磷酸钠按质量比为1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。
实施例7
与实施例1基本相同,区别仅仅在于:所述的磷酸盐由六偏磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠按质量比为1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。
测试例1
测试实施例1-7制得的牛排的嫩度,指标为牛排的剪切力,测试方法参照NY/T1180-2006。
测试仪器为配有WBS(Warner-BratzlerShear)刀具的剪切力测定仪。
将实施例1-7的牛排拆开包装,解冻后放入恒温水浴锅中80℃加热,用热电偶测温仪测定肉样中心温度,待肉样中心温度达到70℃时,将肉样取出冷却至中心温度为4℃时,开始测试,测试结果见表1。
表1:剪切力测试结果(单位:N)
实施例1 | 26.7 |
实施例2 | 30.4 |
实施例3 | 30.9 |
实施例4 | 30.1 |
实施例5 | 31.2 |
实施例6 | 31.5 |
实施例7 | 32.0 |
比较实施例1与实施例2-4,实施例1(乳酸钠、丙酸钠、山梨酸钾复配)剪切力明显低于实施例2-4(乳酸钠、丙酸钠、山梨酸钾中任意二者复配);比较实施例1与实施例5-7,实施例1(六偏磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、焦磷酸钠复配)剪切力明显低于实施例5-7(六偏磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、焦磷酸钠复配中任意二者复配)。
测试例2
将实施例1-7制得的牛排在平底煎锅中,煎至两面金黄,每面煎制时间为2分钟,7组实施例的油温控制相同,测试煎制后7组牛排的失水率,结果见表2。
表2:失水率测试结果(单位:%)
实施例1 | 28.8 |
实施例2 | 32.2 |
实施例3 | 31.8 |
实施例4 | 32.5 |
实施例5 | 33.1 |
实施例6 | 32.5 |
实施例7 | 33.2 |
比较实施例1与实施例2-4,实施例1(乳酸钠、丙酸钠、山梨酸钾复配)失水率明显低于实施例2-4(乳酸钠、丙酸钠、山梨酸钾中任意二者复配);比较实施例1与实施例5-7,实施例1(六偏磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、焦磷酸钠复配)失水率明显低于实施例5-7(六偏磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、焦磷酸钠复配中任意二者复配)。
测试例3
测试实施例1-7的防腐效果,置于25℃,相对湿度85%环境下保藏半年,然后进行大肠杆菌(ATYCC 25922)菌落总数测试,参照GBT 4789.2-2008食品卫生微生物学检验菌落总数测定,具体结果见表3。
表3:菌落总数测试结果表
比较实施例1与实施例2-4,实施例1(乳酸钠、丙酸钠、山梨酸钾复配)防腐效果明显优于实施例2-4(乳酸钠、丙酸钠、山梨酸钾中任意二者复配);比较实施例1与实施例5-7,实施例1(六偏磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、焦磷酸钠复配)防腐效果明显优于实施例5-7(六偏磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、焦磷酸钠复配中任意二者复配)。
Claims (7)
1.一种低胆固醇牛排的制作方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)解冻;
(2)切割;
(3)腌渍:将切割好的牛排装入真空滚揉机中,加入牛排重量20-30%的腌渍液,滚揉腌渍20-40min;
(4)涂抹玉米胚芽油;
(5)包装。
2.如权利要求1所述低胆固醇牛排的制作方法,其特征在于:所述的腌渍液由下述重量份的原料制备而成:黄豆5-15份、山楂5-15份、葡萄3-7份、咖喱粉1-5份、胡萝卜5-15份、食盐0.1-1份、保鲜剂0.01-0.1份、磷酸盐0.1-1份、水80-180份。
3.如权利要求2所述低胆固醇牛排的制作方法,其特征在于:所述的保鲜剂为乳酸钠、丙酸钠、山梨酸钾中一种或多种的混合物。
4.如权利要求3所述低胆固醇牛排的制作方法,其特征在于:所述的保鲜剂由乳酸钠、丙酸钠、山梨酸钾混合而成,所述乳酸钠、丙酸钠、山梨酸钾的质量比(1-3):(1-3):(1-3)。
5.如权利要求2-4中任一项所述低胆固醇牛排的制作方法,其特征在于:所述的磷酸盐为六偏磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、焦磷酸钠中一种或多种的混合物。
6.如权利要求5所述低胆固醇牛排的制作方法,其特征在于:所述的磷酸盐由六偏磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、焦磷酸钠混合而成,所述六偏磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、焦磷酸钠的质量比(1-3):(1-3):(1-3)。
7.一种低胆固醇牛排,其特征在于:采用权利要求1-6中任一项所述方法制备而成。
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JP3087172B2 (ja) * | 1998-03-19 | 2000-09-11 | 仁 千葉 | 4%の塩分としそだけの減塩梅ぼしの製造法 |
CN105166951A (zh) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-12-23 | 上海珍馨化工科技有限公司 | 黑椒牛排及其制作方法 |
CN105266064A (zh) * | 2015-09-16 | 2016-01-27 | 上海珍馨化工科技有限公司 | 一种牛排的制作方法 |
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JP3087172B2 (ja) * | 1998-03-19 | 2000-09-11 | 仁 千葉 | 4%の塩分としそだけの減塩梅ぼしの製造法 |
CN105166951A (zh) * | 2015-09-16 | 2015-12-23 | 上海珍馨化工科技有限公司 | 黑椒牛排及其制作方法 |
CN105266064A (zh) * | 2015-09-16 | 2016-01-27 | 上海珍馨化工科技有限公司 | 一种牛排的制作方法 |
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