CN106615718B - Functional feed raw material for improving milk yield and milk quality and application thereof - Google Patents
Functional feed raw material for improving milk yield and milk quality and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a functional feed raw material for improving milk yield and milk quality and application thereof. Specifically, the invention provides a soy molasses product, which contains a feed carrier and soy molasses adsorbed on the feed carrier. The invention also provides a corn substitute and a feed, wherein the corn substitute contains the soybean molasses product, and the feed contains the soybean molasses product or the corn substitute. The corn substitute material can replace part of corn in the milk cow feed, not only reduces the corn component of the feed, but also obviously improves the milk yield of the milk cow, and obviously improves part of nutritional indexes in the milk.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, in particular to a functional feed raw material for improving milk yield and milk quality and application thereof.
Background
The coarse fodder and concentrate supplement materials which are necessary for meeting the lactation nutrition need have higher requirements on the quality of the concentrate supplement materials, especially for high-yield livestock. The adverse effects of reduced milk yield, reduced milk quality and the like which are not beneficial to animal production and even influence the health of animals can be caused by improper composition and feeding mode of concentrate supplements.
Soy molasses is a by-product obtained during the production of soy protein concentrates, wherein the soluble components are mainly sugars, soluble proteins and isoflavones. Soy molasses generally contains 50% solids, the major components of which are protein 6%, ash 3%, fat 5% and carbohydrate 34%, and small amounts of saponins and isoflavones, in short, a collection of phytochemicals, which are quite complex. In addition, the soy molasses is semisolid, has short storage period, is inconvenient to store and transport, and restricts the effective application in production. In addition, at present, no comparative system and deep research on the application of the soy molasses is carried out in China. Therefore, if the device can be effectively developed and utilized, the pressure on the environment can be reduced on the one hand, and the economic value can be greatly improved on the other hand.
The current reports on the use of soy molasses in the field of animal nutrition are: the feed additive of the soybean molasses in the Maqun mountain and the like (Maqun mountain, Chengyong and Tangdejiang, the influence of the soybean molasses added in the feed on the physicochemical indexes of the mutton sheep, [ J ] Bayingjiang university school of agricultural reclamation, 2009(3): 59-61; Maqun mountain, Chengyong and Zhang Aizhong, the influence of the soybean molasses added in the feed on the rumen fermentation of the mutton sheep, [ J ] Chinese livestock-raising journal, 2009(15):33-36) is fed by additionally adding 0-8% of the soybean molasses in basic ration of the mutton sheep, the influence of the soybean molasses on the rumen fermentation, the physicochemical indexes and the growth and development of the mutton sheep is researched, and the research result shows that the concentration of the rumen protein is increased to different degrees along with the increase of the addition amount of the soybean molasses; the soybean molasses can improve the concentration of propionic acid in rumen fluid and the concentration of total protein in blood, and simultaneously reduce the concentration of propionic transaminase; the soy molasses can improve the daily gain and feed conversion rate of the mutton sheep. The study of Mao Chaoyang shows that the addition of 6% of soybean molasses can promote the daily gain and the feed conversion rate of the Lushan corbel goats. The results of the study on the feed [ J ] research, 2007 (7): 51-52) that 3 kg of soy molasses is added to daily ration of cows show that the weights, milk yields and milk fat rates of cows in the lactation peak period all tend to increase, but there is no significant difference.
CN200910117719.2 and CN201110371395.2 disclose concentrate supplement capable of meeting the nutritional needs of dairy cows, the main component of which is corn, accounting for 40% -45%. Corn is used as an industrial alcohol production raw material, the resource of the corn as a feed raw material is gradually reduced, and the price is gradually increased. The corn alternative raw material will become the mainstream of the industry.
The invention adopts the soybean molasses and the DDGS mixed to be used as the concentrate supplement ingredient to replace part of corn feed, and compared with a control group, the invention can remarkably improve the milk yield (by more than 30 percent) and simultaneously remarkably improve a plurality of indexes of the milk quality in the process of feeding the dairy cows, and the effect of the invention is beyond expectation. Meanwhile, the soybean molasses is adsorbed to the solid feed carrier in advance, so that the shelf life of the soybean molasses can be greatly prolonged, and the storage and the transportation are convenient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to effectively utilize the byproduct, namely the soybean molasses, in the production process of the soybean protein. Firstly, soybean molasses is mixed with feeds such as soybean hull, bran, corncob meal, rice bran meal and the like, the molasses is adsorbed on a feed carrier, then the molasses feed is mixed with DDGS (distillers dried grains with solubles) according to a certain proportion, and the mixed feed is used for feeding dairy cows and can replace part of corns in the dairy cow feed.
Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a soy molasses product comprising a feed carrier and soy molasses adsorbed onto the feed carrier.
In a particular embodiment, the soy molasses product has a moisture content of less than 15%.
In a particular embodiment, the feed carrier is selected from soy hull, bran, defatted rice bran meal, or corn cob meal.
In a specific embodiment, the mass ratio of feed carrier to soy molasses in the soy molasses product is 6: 1-1: 1.
in a specific embodiment, the mass ratio of feed carrier to soy molasses in the soy molasses product is 5: 1-2: 1.
in one embodiment, the soy molasses product wherein the feed carrier is soy hulls; on the basis of dry matter, the mass ratio of the soybean hulls to the soybean molasses is 5: 1-3: 1.
in a second aspect, the invention provides a corn replacement material comprising the soy molasses product of the invention and distillers dried grains with soluble protein feed (DDGS).
In a specific embodiment, the mass ratio of the soybean molasses product to the DDGS is 30-70: 70-30.
In a specific embodiment, the mass ratio of the soybean molasses product to the DDGS is 30-50: 70-50.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a feed comprising a corn substitute material of the invention.
In one embodiment, the content of the corn substitute material is 10-40% of the total weight of the feed.
In one embodiment, the content of the corn substitute material is 20-40% of the total weight of the feed.
In one embodiment, the content of the corn substitute material is 30-40% of the total weight of the feed.
In a particular embodiment, the feed is a feed for feeding ruminants, in particular cows.
In a particular embodiment, the feed also contains soybean meal, bran, corn, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, baking soda and a premix containing trace mineral elements, vitamins and amino acids.
In one embodiment, based on the total weight of the feed, the content of the soybean meal is 5.0-15.0%, the content of the bran is 15.0-22.0%, the content of the corn is 25.0-40.0%, the content of the calcium carbonate is 1.0-1.5%, the content of the calcium hydrophosphate is 1.0-2.0%, the content of the sodium chloride is 0.3-0.8%, the content of the baking soda is 0.4-0.8%, and the content of the premix is 2.0-6.0%.
In one embodiment, based on the total weight of the feed, the content of the soybean meal is 8.0-12.0%, the content of the bran is 16.0-20.0%, the content of the corn is 25.0-40.0%, the content of the calcium carbonate is 1.2-1.4%, the content of the calcium hydrophosphate is 1.4-1.8%, the content of the sodium chloride is 0.4-0.6%, the content of the baking soda is 0.5-0.7%, and the content of the premix is 3.0-5.0%.
In one embodiment, the premix contains magnesium sulfate monohydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, cobalt chloride hexahydrate, sodium selenite, potassium iodide, potassium chloride, vitamin a, vitamin D, and vitamin E.
In one embodiment, the feed contains a premix of the following composition per kg feed: 113.87 grams of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, 9.54 grams of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 9.61 grams of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 2.69 grams of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 2.55 grams of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 181.68 milligrams of cobalt chloride hexahydrate, 32.85 milligrams of sodium selenite, 58.86 milligrams of potassium iodide, 5.73 grams of potassium chloride, 500000 international units of vitamin a, 60000 international units of vitamin D, and 2000 international units of vitamin E.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the soy molasses product, which comprises the steps of spraying the soy molasses onto a feed carrier, uniformly mixing, drying, and controlling the water content of the dried soy molasses product to be below 15%, so as to prepare the obtained soy molasses product.
In a particular embodiment, the mass ratio of feed carrier to soy molasses, on a dry matter basis, is 6: 1-1: 1, preferably 5: 1-2: 1, more preferably 5: 1-3: 1.
in a specific embodiment, the moisture content of the soy molasses is 30-70%.
In one embodiment, the drying temperature is 80-105 ℃.
The invention also provides a method for preparing corn replacers, which comprises the step of mixing the soy molasses quality of the invention with DDGS.
The present invention also provides a method of promoting lactation, improving milk yield and/or milk quality in a lactating ruminant, the method comprising feeding the lactating ruminant a feed comprising a soy molasses product of the invention.
In a particular embodiment, the method comprises feeding a dairy ruminant feed comprising the corn replacement material of the invention.
In a particular embodiment, the method comprises feeding a dairy ruminant the feed of the invention.
The invention also comprises the application of the soy molasses product, corn substitute and feed in promoting the lactation of dairy ruminants, and improving the milk yield and/or milk quality.
The invention also includes the use of the soy molasses product or corn substitute material of the invention in the preparation of a feed for promoting lactation in lactating ruminants, for increasing milk production and/or milk quality.
In a particular embodiment, the dairy ruminant is a dairy cow.
Detailed Description
The soybean molasses is a product obtained by concentrating alcohol-soluble part substances in the process of producing soybean protein concentrate, is rich in saccharide substances, has color and fluidity similar to honey, and is named as the soybean molasses. The soybean molasses contains soybean isoflavone, soybean oligosaccharide, soybean protein, sucrose, monosaccharide and original water-soluble mineral elements in soybean. Soy molasses typically contains 50% solids, the major components of which are protein 6%, ash 3%, fat 5% and carbohydrate 34%, and small amounts of saponins and isoflavones.
The soy molasses used in the present invention may be prepared by itself using methods known in the art. For example, soybean molasses can be obtained by peeling a soybean material, crushing the peeled soybean, extracting oil and fat, washing the defatted soybean cake with ethanol to remove alcohol-soluble substances, and concentrating the ethanol-eluted fraction. Alternatively, soy molasses may be commercially available.
Generally, the moisture content of the obtained soy molasses is about 30-70%.
As the feed carrier, a feed material such as soybean hull, wheat bran, defatted rice bran meal, corn cob meal, etc. known in the art can be used. Testa glycines is the outer skin of soybean removed during processing of soybean. Bran is the husk removed during wheat processing. Defatted rice bran meal is typically prepared as follows: the rice is firstly hulled in the processing process, during the process of processing the hulled rice into polished rice, the rice is continuously milled, and the pericarp, the seed coat, the endosperm, part of the aleurone layer and the embryo are removed, wherein the part is collectively called rice bran, the rice bran contains certain grease, the residual cake dregs after solvent extraction are crushed, and the degreased rice bran dregs are obtained. The corn cob powder is the corn cob after the corn cob is threshed and is crushed to obtain the product. All of these feed carriers can be prepared on their own or can be obtained commercially.
The particle size of the feed carrier is not particularly limited. Generally, the particle size of the feed carrier is in the range of 5 to 80 mesh. For example, the corn cob meal and the defatted rice bran meal used have a particle size of about 40 to 60 mesh, and the bran and the soybean hull are about 5 to 20 mesh, for example about 10 mesh or slightly larger.
Mixtures of one or more of the above feed materials may be used as feed carriers. When two or more kinds of feed materials are used as the feed carrier, the ratio of these different kinds of feed materials in the feed carrier is not particularly limited.
When the soy molasses product of the present invention is prepared, the soy molasses can be directly sprayed onto the feed carrier. Generally, the mass ratio of feed carrier to soy molasses, on a dry matter basis, is between 6: 1-1: 1, preferably 5: 1-2: 1, more preferably 5: 1-3: 1.
the soy molasses can be sprayed onto the feed carrier by conventional techniques. The resulting molasses feed can be dried after stirring to a uniform level to control the water content to 15% or more, for example, 10% or less. The drying is preferably hot air drying, and the drying temperature is 80-105 ℃. The soy molasses product of the invention can be prepared therefrom. Thus, the soy molasses product of the present invention may be made from a feed carrier and soy molasses.
In one embodiment, the soybean hull (or the feed raw materials such as the bran, the defatted rice bran meal and the corn cob meal) is weighed and placed in a mixer, and the weight ratio of the soybean hull to the feed carrier is determined according to the following formula: spraying soybean molasses (the water content is about 30-70%) at a mass ratio of 4: 1-1: 1 of molasses, stirring while adding until uniformly mixing, drying the uniformly mixed molasses feed by hot air at the drying temperature of 80-105 ℃, controlling the water content of the dried molasses feed to be below 15%, and cooling to obtain the soybean molasses product.
Therefore, the invention also provides a preparation method of the soy molasses product, which comprises the steps of spraying the soy molasses onto a feed carrier, uniformly mixing and drying, and controlling the moisture of the dried soy molasses product to be below 15%, so as to prepare the obtained molasses product.
In a particular embodiment, the mass ratio of feed carrier to soy molasses, on a dry matter basis, is 6: 1-1: 1, preferably 5: 1-2: 1, more preferably 5: 1-3: 1.
in a specific embodiment, the moisture content of the soy molasses is 30-70%.
In one embodiment, the drying temperature is 80-105 ℃.
The invention also provides a corn substitute material. The corn substitute material can be used for replacing the corn in the feed, and can reduce the corn consumption in the feed by more than 10 percent, such as 10-70 percent, 10-50 percent, 30-50 percent, and the like.
The corn replacement material of the present invention is prepared by a process comprising mixing the soy molasses product of the present invention with DDGS.
DDGS (distillers dried grains with solubles) is a distillers dried grains with solubles, which is a symbiotic product formed by mixing and fermenting corn seeds and selected yeast in a fuel ethanol plant of modern technology and equipment to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide, and drying the residual fermentation residue at low temperature. The DDGS used in the present invention can be produced by a method well known in the art, and the DDGS sold on the market can be used as it is.
When the corn substitute material is prepared, the mass ratio of the soybean molasses product to the DDGS is 30-70: 70-30, for example 30-50: between 70 and 50.
The soy molasses product of the invention can simply be mixed with DDGS and only corn substitutes of the invention can be prepared. Thus, in one embodiment, the corn replacement of the present invention consists of the soy molasses product of the present invention and DDGS.
The soy molasses product or corn substitute thus prepared can be used to prepare the feed of the present invention. The feed of the invention is preferably a feed for ruminants, in particular for dairy ruminants, more preferably a feed for cows.
The feed of the invention can contain corn substitute material accounting for about 10-40%, such as 20-40%, 30-40% of the total weight of the feed, or soybean molasses product accounting for about 3-28%, such as 5-20%, 5-15% of the total weight of the feed.
It will be appreciated that the ingredients in the feed of the invention, other than the soy molasses product or corn replacer of the invention, will be feed ingredients commonly used in the art for feeding ruminants, especially lactating ruminants, more preferably cows.
These feed ingredients include, but are not limited to, any one or a mixture of any plurality of soybean meal, bran, corn, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, baking soda and a premix containing trace mineral elements, vitamins and amino acids.
In one embodiment, based on the total weight of the feed, the content of the soybean meal is 5.0-15.0%, the content of the bran is 15.0-22.0%, the content of the corn is 25.0-40.0%, the content of the calcium carbonate is 1.0-1.5%, the content of the calcium hydrophosphate is 1.0-2.0%, the content of the sodium chloride is 0.3-0.8%, the content of the baking soda is 0.4-0.8%, and the content of the premix is 2.0-6.0%.
In one embodiment, based on the total weight of the feed, the content of the soybean meal is 8.0-12.0%, the content of the bran is 16.0-20.0%, the content of the corn is 25.0-40.0%, the content of the calcium carbonate is 1.2-1.4%, the content of the calcium hydrophosphate is 1.4-1.8%, the content of the sodium chloride is 0.4-0.6%, the content of the baking soda is 0.5-0.7%, and the content of the premix is 3.0-5.0%.
In one embodiment, the premix contains magnesium sulfate monohydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, cobalt chloride hexahydrate, sodium selenite, potassium iodide, potassium chloride, vitamin a, vitamin D, and vitamin E.
In one embodiment, the feed contains a premix of the following composition per kg feed: 110-115 g of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, 9-10 g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 9-10 g of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 2-3 g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 2-3 g of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 175-185 mg of cobalt chloride hexahydrate, 30-35 mg of sodium selenite, 55-65 mg of potassium iodide, 5-6 g of potassium chloride, 450000-550000 international units of vitamin A, 55000-65000 international units of vitamin D and 1500-2500 international units of vitamin E.
In one embodiment, the feed contains a premix of the following composition per kg feed: 113.87 grams of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, 9.54 grams of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 9.61 grams of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 2.69 grams of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 2.55 grams of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 181.68 milligrams of cobalt chloride hexahydrate, 32.85 milligrams of sodium selenite, 58.86 milligrams of potassium iodide, 5.73 grams of potassium chloride, 500000 international units of vitamin a, 60000 international units of vitamin D, and 2000 international units of vitamin E.
The present invention also provides a method of promoting lactation, improving milk yield and/or milk quality in a lactating ruminant, said method comprising feeding the lactating ruminant a feed comprising a soy molasses product of the invention.
In a particular embodiment, the method comprises feeding a dairy ruminant feed comprising the corn replacement material of the invention.
In a particular embodiment, the method comprises feeding a dairy ruminant the feed of the invention.
The invention also comprises the application of the soy molasses product, corn substitute and feed in promoting the lactation of dairy ruminants, and improving the milk yield and/or milk quality.
The invention also includes the use of the soy molasses product or corn substitute material of the invention in the preparation of a feed for promoting lactation in lactating ruminants, for increasing milk production and/or milk quality.
In the present invention, the milk producing ruminant is preferably a dairy cow.
The feed for the milk-producing ruminant provided by the invention is added with a proper amount of corn substitute, the raw material is not only an energy raw material, but also has the advantages of fast digestion and absorption, good palatability and the like, the feed cost can be further reduced, and the milk yield and the milk quality of the milk-producing ruminant can be remarkably improved.
The invention also has the following advantages:
1. the soybean molasses is adsorbed on feed carriers such as bean curd skin or bran and the like, and is used together with DDGS (distillers dried grains with soluble) to feed dairy cows in lactation, so that the milk yield of the dairy cows can be remarkably improved, and meanwhile, all indexes of the milk quality are also remarkably improved.
2. The invention adopts the bean skin or the bran after absorbing the molasses as the feed, can partially replace the corn dosage in the milk cow feed, and reduces the feed cost.
3. The molasses is adsorbed to the bean curd skin or the bran for use, so that the storage time of molasses substances can be remarkably prolonged compared with liquid molasses, and the molasses is convenient to transport and store.
It is to be understood that the preferred ranges described above may be combined with each other; the sum of the weight/mass percentages of all ingredients in each composition, mixture, etc. should equal 100%.
The present invention will be described below by way of specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise indicated, the methods, reagents, products and the like used in the examples are conventional in the art, or are commercially available reagents or products.
Material
Soy molasses: peeling soybean raw material, extracting oil from peeled soybean after embryo pressing, washing defatted soybean meal with ethanol to remove alcohol-soluble substances, and concentrating the ethanol elution part to obtain soybean molasses with water content of about 50%.
DDGS: purchased from jasper, usa.
Bean curd skin: the soybean hulls removed during the processing of soybeans are commercially available.
Bran: the husks removed during the wheat processing can be purchased from the market.
Defatted rice bran meal: the rice is firstly hulled in the processing process, during the process of processing the hulled rice into polished rice, the rice is continuously milled, and the pericarp, the seed coat, the endosperm, part of the aleurone layer and the embryo are removed, wherein the part is collectively called rice bran, the rice bran contains certain grease, the residual cake dregs after solvent extraction are crushed, and the degreased rice bran dregs are obtained.
Corncob meal: is a product obtained by crushing corn cob after threshing, and can be purchased from the market.
Example 1
Preparing molasses bean curd skin and corn substitute materials:
200kg of soybean hulls are taken and placed in a stirrer, 100kg of soybean concentrated molasses (the water content is 50%) is sprayed into the stirrer by a molasses adding system, the adding speed is 40L/min, the soybean concentrated molasses is stirred while being added until the soybean concentrated molasses is uniformly mixed, the uniformly mixed molasses feed is conveyed by an auger, hot air drying is carried out, the drying temperature is 80-105 ℃, the water content of the dried molasses soybean hulls is below 15%, and the molasses soybean hulls feed is obtained after cooling. Mixing the prepared molasses tofu skin with DDGS at a mixing ratio of 42: 58 (mass ratio) as a corn substitute material A for standby.
Example 2
Preparation of molasses bran and corn substitute:
200kg of bran is taken and placed in a stirrer, 100kg of soybean concentrated molasses (the water content is 50%) is sprayed into the stirrer by a molasses adding system, the adding speed is 40L/min, the soybean concentrated molasses is stirred while being added until the soybean concentrated molasses is uniformly mixed, the uniformly mixed molasses feed is conveyed by an auger, hot air drying is carried out, the drying temperature is 80-105 ℃, the water content of the dried molasses bran is below 15%, and the molasses bran feed is obtained after cooling. Mixing the prepared molasses bran with DDGS at a mixing ratio of 42: 58 (mass ratio) as a corn substitute material B for standby.
Example 3
Preparation of molasses degreased rice bran meal:
100kg of defatted rice bran meal is taken and placed in a stirrer, 50kg of soybean concentrated molasses (the water content is 50%) is sprayed into the stirrer by a molasses adding system, the adding speed is 40L/min, the soybean concentrated molasses is stirred while being added until the soybean concentrated molasses is uniformly mixed, the uniformly mixed molasses feed is conveyed by a packing auger, hot air drying is carried out, the drying temperature is 80-105 ℃, the water content of the dried molasses defatted rice bran meal is below 15%, and the molasses defatted rice bran meal feed is obtained after cooling.
Example 4
Preparation of molasses corncob powder:
100kg of corncob meal is taken and placed in a stirrer, 100kg of soybean concentrated molasses (the water content is 50%) is sprayed into the stirrer by a molasses adding system, the adding speed is 40L/min, the mixture is stirred while being added until the mixture is uniformly mixed, the uniformly mixed molasses feed is conveyed by a packing auger, hot air drying is carried out, the drying temperature is 80-105 ℃, the water content of the dried molasses bran is below 15%, and the molasses corncob meal feed is obtained after cooling.
Example 5
Animal nutrition experiment:
selecting 24 healthy Chinese Holstein cows with the same age (3 fetuses), similar weight (500 +/-50 kg) and different lactation periods, dividing the cows into three groups according to a single-factor completely random block experimental design, wherein each group comprises 8 cows, and each group comprises 4 cows in the early lactation period (0-100d) and the middle lactation period (100 + 200 days). The three groups are respectively: group 1: a control group; group 2: a molasses tofu skin group; group 3: molasses bran group. The feed formula used in each group is as follows:
group 1 (control group): 10.0% of soybean meal, 18.0% of bran, 43.1% of corn, 21% of DDGS, 1.3% of calcium carbonate, 1.5% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5% of sodium chloride, 0.6% of baking soda and 4.0% of premix.
Group 2 (molasses tofu skin group): 10.0% of soybean meal, 18.0% of bran, 28.1% of corn, 36% of corn substitute material A (obtained in example 1), 1.3% of calcium carbonate, 1.5% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5% of sodium chloride, 0.6% of baking soda and 4.0% of premix.
Group 3 (molasses bran group): 10.0% of soybean meal, 8.0% of bran, 37.1% of corn, 37% of corn substitute material B (obtained in example 2), 1.3% of calcium carbonate, 1.5% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.5% of sodium chloride, 0.6% of baking soda and 4.0% of premix.
The premix is an additive premix feed for short, and is an intermediate compound feed product prepared by uniformly mixing one or more trace components (including various trace mineral elements, various vitamins, synthetic amino acids, certain medicaments and other additives) with a diluent or a carrier according to the required proportion. The premix is an important component of the complete compound feed, and the premix in the embodiment comprises the following components (per kilogram of feed): magnesium sulfate monohydrate (MgSO)4·H2O)113.87 g, manganese sulfate monohydrate (MnSO)4·H2O)9.54 g, zinc sulfate monohydrate (ZnSO)4·H2O)9.61 g, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO)4·7H2O)2.69 g, blue vitriol (CuSO)4·5H2O)2.55 g, cobalt chloride hexahydrate (CoCl)2·6H2O)181.68 mg, sodium selenite (Na)2SeO3)32.85 mg, potassium iodide (KI)58.86 mg, potassium chloride(KCl)5.73 grams, Vitamin A (VA)500000 International Units (IU), Vitamin D (VD)60000 International Units (IU), Vitamin E (VE)2000 International Units (IU).
The concentrated feed and the premix are fully mixed, stirred evenly and fed with matched coarse feed and auxiliary materials for animals daily. The coarse fodder and adjuvants include bean dregs, rice straw, silage, etc.
The experiment is carried out in two stages; the period is 35 days, including 30 days for pre-feeding and 5 days for sampling. The feeding method adopts group feeding, and the feeding is carried out 2 times every day, only drinking water is needed. Other management is performed according to a prescribed method. Accurately recording the feed intake and milk yield of each cow in a sampling period, and monitoring milk fat standards including milk fat, milk protein, lactose, total solid content, non-fat solid content and the like.
The milk index is detected by adopting a FOSS MilkoScan FT-120 dairy analyzer, and the principle is that the milk index is analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrum, so that more than 12 components can be measured in the same time.
The milk yields and milk qualities of the different test groups are shown in table 1.
Table 1: summary table of milk yield and milk quality of milk cows of different test groups
Note: group 1 was a control group; group 2 is a molasses tofu skin group; group 3 is a molasses bran group; CDMI represents concentrate dry matter feed intake.
As can be seen from table 1, the milk yield of group 2 (the molasses bean skin group) and group 3 (the molasses bran group) are both significantly higher than that of group 1 (the control group), and the milk yield of group 2 and group 3 is 42.39% and 32.54% higher than that of group 1; wherein, in the prophase of lactation, the milk yield of the test group 2 and the group 3 is 1.87 times and 2.20 times of that of the control group (group 1), respectively. Therefore, compared with the commercial feed control group, the feed provided by the invention can obviously improve the milk yield of the dairy cows. For the lactation efficiency, the lactation efficiency of the group 2 is obviously higher than that of the control group, and is 23.36 percent higher than that of the control group; especially in the middle lactation period, the lactation efficiency of the groups 2 and 3 is 26.33% and 10.64% higher than that of the control group respectively. Therefore, the molasses bean curd skin test group (group 2) and the molasses bran test group (group 3) have obvious positive effects on improving the lactation efficiency of the dairy cows.
As for the fat content in the milk of each test group, as can be seen from Table 1, the fat content in the milk of group 2 was 5.74% higher (no lactation period) than that of the control group (group 1); wherein, in the prophase of lactation, the fat content in the milk of the group 2 is 10.10% higher than that of the control group. The fat content in group 3 milk was also increased compared to the control group (group 1), but the difference was not significant (not in lactation). It can be seen that test group 2 also had a significant effect on increasing the fat content in milk.
For the protein content in milk among different treatment groups, the protein content in the milk of the group 2 and the group 3 is obviously higher than that of the control group, and the protein content in the milk of the group 2 and the group 3 is respectively 5.07 percent and 8.33 percent higher than that of the control group (in the non-lactation period); in the middle lactation period, the protein content in the milk of the test group 2 and the milk of the test group 3 is 7.33 percent and 13.19 percent higher than that of the control group respectively. Thus, both test groups 2 and 3 had significant effects in increasing milk tensor protein content.
For the lactose content in milk (no lactation period), as can be seen from table 1, the lactose content in milk of group 2 and group 3 was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the lactose content was 29.44% and 30.0% higher than that of the control group, respectively; in the prophase and the middle period of lactation, the lactose content in the milk of the group 2 is obviously higher than that of the control group, and is respectively 35.57 percent higher and 21.04 percent higher than that of the control group; the lactose content in the milk of the group 3 is also obviously higher than that of the control group in the prophase and the middle period of lactation, and is respectively 34.40 percent and 22.08 percent higher than that of the control group. Therefore, the test groups 2 and 3 can obviously improve the lactose content in the milk.
For the total solid content in the milk, the total solid content in the milk of the group 2 and the group 3 is respectively 4.81 percent and 4.45 percent higher than that of the control group (in the non-lactation period); wherein in the prophase of lactation, the total solid content of the test group 2 is obviously higher than that of the control group by 5.82 percent; in the middle lactation period, the total solid content of the test group 2 and the group 3 is obviously higher than that of the control group, and the total solid content of the test group 2 and the group 3 is respectively 3.79 percent and 5.78 percent higher than that of the control group.
As can be seen from table 1, the non-fat solids in milk were not significantly different between the different treatment groups (non-lactation period), but at the early lactation period, the non-fat solids in the test group 2 were significantly higher than the control group by 2.06%; while group 3 and the control group had no statistical difference between the non-lipid solids content.
In conclusion, the corn substitute material provided by the invention can obviously improve the milk yield and milk quality of the dairy cows.
Example 6
Molasses feed storage experiment:
taking the molasses bean hull, the molasses bran, the molasses defatted rice bran meal and the molasses corncob powder in the embodiments 1-4 as experimental samples, respectively, storing at normal temperature, measuring the water content of the samples and performing sensory evaluation after a period of time every other time, and judging whether the samples go bad or not. The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: investigation of shelf life after molasses adsorption by different feed carriers
Because the moisture and the sugar content of the soybean molasses are high, the soybean molasses are extremely easy to deteriorate in storage (about 2 weeks generally), are in a semi-solid state, and are inconvenient to transport and store. The results show that the soybean molasses is mixed with feeds such as bean skin, bran and the like, so that the soybean molasses is adsorbed on the feed carriers, on one hand, the soybean molasses can be solidified, and is convenient to store and factor, and on the other hand, the shelf life of the soybean molasses is also obviously prolonged.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of specific embodiments, it is to be understood that modifications and variations may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and still be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (17)
1. A soy molasses product, characterized in that the product contains a feed carrier and soy molasses adsorbed on the feed carrier; wherein the moisture content of the soy molasses product is below 15%; in the soybean molasses product, the mass ratio of the feed carrier to the soybean molasses is 6: 1-1: 1; the feed carrier is selected from soybean hull, bran, defatted rice bran meal or corn cob powder.
2. The soy molasses product of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of feed carrier to soy molasses, on a dry matter basis, is 5: 1-2: 1.
3. the soy molasses product of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of feed carrier to soy molasses, on a dry matter basis, is 5: 1-3: 1.
4. a corn replacement comprising the soy molasses product of any one of claims 1-3 and a distillers' grain protein feed.
5. The corn substitute according to claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the soy molasses product to the distillers' grain protein feed is 30-70: 70-30.
6. The corn substitute according to claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the soy molasses product to the distillers' grain protein feed is 30-50: 70-50.
7. A feed comprising a soy molasses product of any one of claims 1-3 or a corn replacer of any one of claims 4-6.
8. The feed of claim 7, wherein the feed has one or more of the following characteristics:
(1) the content of the corn substitute material is 10-40% by total weight of the feed;
(2) the feed is used for feeding ruminants;
(3) the feed also contains one or more of soybean meal, bran, corn, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrophosphate, sodium chloride, baking soda and premix containing trace mineral elements, vitamins and amino acids.
9. The feed of claim 8, wherein the corn substitute material is present in an amount of 20% to 40% based on the total weight of the feed.
10. The feed of claim 8, wherein the corn substitute material is present in an amount of 30 to 40% based on the total weight of the feed.
11. The feed of claim 8, wherein the feed has the following characteristics:
(a) based on the total weight of the feed, the feed comprises 5.0-15.0% of soybean meal, 15.0-22.0% of bran, 25.0-40.0% of corn, 1.0-1.5% of calcium carbonate, 1.0-2.0% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.3-0.8% of sodium chloride, 0.4-0.8% of baking soda and 2.0-6.0% of premix; or
(b) The premix contains magnesium sulfate monohydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, cobalt chloride hexahydrate, sodium selenite, potassium iodide, potassium chloride, vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E; or
(c) Each kilogram of feed contains premix consisting of the following components: 110-115 g of magnesium sulfate monohydrate, 9-10 g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 9-10 g of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 2-3 g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 2-3 g of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 175-185 mg of cobalt chloride hexahydrate, 30-35 mg of sodium selenite, 55-65 mg of potassium iodide, 5-6 g of potassium chloride, 450000-550000 international units of vitamin A, 55000-65000 international units of vitamin D and 1500-2500 international units of vitamin E.
12. A preparation method of a soy molasses product is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of spraying the soy molasses onto a feed carrier, uniformly mixing, drying, and controlling the moisture of the dried soy molasses product to be below 15% so as to prepare the obtained molasses product; the mass ratio of the feed carrier to the soybean molasses is 6: 1-1: 1; the feed carrier is selected from soybean hull, bran, defatted rice bran meal or corn cob powder.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the mass ratio of feed carrier to soy molasses on a dry matter basis is 5: 1-2: 1.
14. the method of claim 12, wherein the mass ratio of feed carrier to soy molasses on a dry matter basis is 5: 1-3: 1.
15. the method of claim 12, wherein the drying temperature is 80-150 ℃.
16. A method of promoting lactation, improving milk production and/or milk quality in a lactating ruminant, the method comprising feeding the lactating ruminant, such as a dairy cow, with a feed comprising a soy molasses product of any one of claims 1 to 3 or a corn replacer of any one of claims 4 to 6, or a feed of any one of claims 7 to 11.
17. Use of a soy molasses product of any one of claims 1-3 or a corn replacer of any one of claims 4-6 for promoting lactation, increasing milk production and/or milk quality in a lactating ruminant or for the preparation of a feed for promoting lactation, increasing milk production and/or milk quality in a lactating ruminant such as a dairy cow.
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| CN101708032A (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2010-05-19 | 宁夏大北农科技实业有限公司 | Cow concentrate supplement |
| CN104026330A (en) * | 2014-06-16 | 2014-09-10 | 陈学文 | High-energy plant-eating animal feed containing molasses as well as preparation method thereof |
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| CN1096627A (en) * | 1993-02-12 | 1994-12-28 | 味之素株式会社 | Stablize the daily ration of cow high milk yield of dairy cow and obtain the raising method of stable high yield cow's milk |
| CN101708032A (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2010-05-19 | 宁夏大北农科技实业有限公司 | Cow concentrate supplement |
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