CN106614662A - 一种含环氧虫啶的杀虫杀菌组合物 - Google Patents
一种含环氧虫啶的杀虫杀菌组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106614662A CN106614662A CN201611239924.2A CN201611239924A CN106614662A CN 106614662 A CN106614662 A CN 106614662A CN 201611239924 A CN201611239924 A CN 201611239924A CN 106614662 A CN106614662 A CN 106614662A
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Classifications
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种含有二种活性成分的杀虫杀菌组合物，第一种活性成分为氯苯醚酰胺，第二种活性成分为环氧虫啶。本发明提供的杀虫杀菌组合物低毒、高效，适合用于防治水稻苗期二化螟、稻飞虱、稻蓟马、纹枯病、稻瘟病、立枯病、青枯病和恶苗病，具有优异的杀虫、杀菌活性，在减少用量的同时，延缓抗药性的产生，延长持效期，减少对环境的污染，对植物安全无药害。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于农药领域，具体说是氯苯醚酰胺和环氧虫啶为有效成分的杀虫杀菌组合物。
背景技术
在我国早春季节，气温很不稳定，在水稻苗期遭遇低温天气、水淹等情况下，水稻苗经常发生烂秧现象。经调查，发生烂秧的主要原因是纹枯病、立枯病、青枯病等。在南方地区，水稻苗期阶段二化螟、纹枯病、立枯病、恶苗病等合并发生越来越严重，对农业生产带来较大影响。
氯苯醚酰胺是华中师范大学新开发的吡唑酰胺类化合物，对黄瓜、番茄、马铃薯等植物的疫病、霜霉、叶斑等病害有很好的防治效果，同时对水稻以及小麦的纹枯病、白粉病等有很好的防效。田间试验表明与现有的杀菌剂没有交互抗性。结构式如下(I)所示：
。
环氧虫啶是一种新型的新烟碱杀虫剂，由华东理工大学药物化工研究所创制，已经申请中国专利2项（CN101747320，CN200910258534.3）和国际专利1项(WO2010/069266)。它属于高效低毒的绿色农药，主要用来防治刺吸式口气害虫。根据药效实验，环氧虫啶对水稻褐飞虱、白背飞虱、灰飞虱均高效，对甘蓝蚜虫和黄瓜蚜虫也有良好防效，对稻纵卷叶螟有较好的兼防效果，对棉田烟粉虱活性显著高于吡虫啉。另外，其蜜蜂毒性也显著降低，且对吡虫啉抗性害虫高效。环氧虫啶可能是烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChRs)的拮抗剂，与吡虫啉等新烟碱类杀虫剂是烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChRs)的激动剂的作用机理不同,因而不容易与吡虫啉等新烟碱类农药产生交互抗性。环氧虫啶对半翅目的稻飞虱(褐飞虱、白背飞虱、灰飞虱)、蚜虫(麦蚜、棉蚜、苜蓿蚜、甘蓝蚜虫)、等害虫有高杀虫活性,对鳞翅目类害虫如稻纵卷叶螟、黏虫和小菜蛾等有一定的杀虫效果。结构式如下(II)所示：
。
现有技术中，我国用于水稻苗期的农药主要为单一防治虫害或单一防治病害，可同时防治虫害和病害的产品开发很少。因此，开发防治水稻苗期病虫害的杀虫杀菌组合物，对于推进农业规模化发展具有积极意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高效、低毒且可有效防治水稻苗期病虫害的杀虫杀菌组合物，解决在植物病害和虫害同期发生时多次重复施药给使用者带来不便，以及重复施药造成的药害等不利影响，尤其是用于水稻二化螟、稻飞虱、稻蓟马、水稻纹枯病、稻瘟病、立枯病、矮缩病。
为解决上述问题，本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种杀虫杀菌组合物，含有二种活性成分，第一种活性成分为氯苯醚酰胺，第二种活性成分为环氧虫啶，所述第一种活性成分与第二种活性成分的质量配比为1～10:15～60。
本发明提供的杀虫杀菌组合物中，上述氯苯醚酰胺属于内吸性杀菌剂，结构式如下(I)所示：
。
它具有内吸和传导作用，同时又是一种土壤消毒剂，对各种植物土传病害：腐霉菌、苗腐菌、镰刀菌、丝核菌、根壳菌等有良好的防治效果，施入土壤中后，能与土壤中的铁、铝离子结合，能抑制病菌孢子的萌发，能被植物的根系吸收并在根系中移动。同时，在植株内代谢产生2种糖苷，有提高作物生理活性、促进根的分蘖、增加根毛数量和植株生长的功效。
本发明提供的杀虫杀菌组合物中，上述环氧虫啶是一种苯基吡唑类杀虫剂，结构式如下(II)所示：
。
它具有杀虫谱广，对害虫以胃毒作用为主，兼有触杀和一定的内吸作用，其作用机制在于阻碍昆虫 γ- 氨基丁酸控制的氯化物代谢，因此对蚜虫、叶蝉、飞虱、鳞翅目幼虫、蝇类和鞘翅目等重要害虫有很高的杀虫活性，对作物无药害。叶面喷洒时，对稻飞虱、水稻二化螟、水稻三化螟、稻纵卷叶螟、二化螟、菜粉蝶、稻蓟马等均有高水平防效，且持效期长。
一种杀虫杀菌剂，其特征在于所述杀虫杀菌剂中含有以重量计10～80％的杀虫杀菌组合物，其余为农业上可接受的载体和助剂；所述杀虫杀菌组合物含有二种活性成分，第一种活性成分为氯苯醚酰胺，第二种活性成分为环氧虫啶，所述第一种活性成分与第二种活性成分的质量配比为1～10:15～60。
本发明所述的载体可以是固体或液体，通常用于配制杀虫杀菌剂组合物的任何载体均能使用。
合适的固体载体包括：矿物类，植物类，合成填料类和无机盐类。其中矿物类包括硅酸盐类，碳酸盐类，硫酸盐类和氧化物类。硅酸盐类例如高岭土，海泡石，珍珠陶土，蒙脱土，云母，蛭石，叶蜡石，滑石。碳酸盐类例如：碳酸钙，白云石。硫酸盐类如硫酸铵，硫酸钠，硫酸钙。氧化物类如生石灰，镁石灰，硅藻土。植物类例如：柑橘渣，玉米棒芯，谷壳粉，稻壳，大豆秸粉，烟草粉，胡桃壳，锯木粉。合成填料类如沉淀碳酸钙水合物，沉淀碳酸钙，白炭黑。
无机盐类例如氯化钾，氯化钠。
液体载体包括水和有机溶剂。当有效成分为悬乳剂时，有机溶剂起到增溶和防冻作用。合适的有机溶剂包括芳烃，例如苯、二甲苯、甲苯、烷基苯、烷基萘和氯代芳烃；氯代脂肪烃，例如氯乙烯、三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳和多氯乙烷；脂肪烃，例如石油馏分、环己烷、轻质矿物油和石蜡。醇类例如甲醇，乙醇，异丙醇、丁醇、异丁醇，乙二醇、丙二醇、丙三醇、脂肪醇等；醚类例如甲基乙二醇醚，乙基乙二醇醚，石油醚。酮类例如丙酮、甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮、环己酮以及异氟尔酮、N-甲基-吡咯烷酮；特种溶剂还有二甲基甲酰胺，二甲基亚砜，聚乙二醇，已腈；植物油及甲基化植物油。上述有机溶剂既可以单独使用，也可以混合使用，还可以与水一起混合使用。
本发明所述助剂可以根据需要包括表面活性剂、消泡剂、增稠剂、助悬剂和防冻剂中的一种或几种，还可以根据需要包括本行业常用的其他助剂。
表面活性剂可以是乳化剂、分散剂、稳定剂或湿润剂；可以是离子型的或非离子型的。合适的表面活性剂包括：聚丙烯酸和木质素磺酸的钠盐和钙盐；分子中含有至少12个碳原子的脂肪酸或脂肪胺与环氧乙烷和/环氧丙烷的缩聚产物；甘油、十二烷醇-1、十四烷醇-1、山梨醇、蔗糖或季戊四醇的脂肪酸酯；及它们与环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷的缩聚产物；它们的缩聚产物的硫酸盐或磺酸盐；在分子中至少含有10个碳原子的硫酸或磺酸的碱金属或碱土金属盐，较佳的为钠盐，如十二烷基硫酸钠、仲烷基硫酸钠、磺化蓖麻油的钠盐、烷芳基磺酸钠和十二烷基苯磺酸钠；环氧乙烷的聚合物、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的共聚物。
乳化剂包括非离子型乳化剂和阴离子型乳化剂。非离子型乳化剂优选壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚，脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，苯乙烯基苯基聚氧乙烯醚，烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚，端羟基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚，苯乙烯基苯酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚，蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚。
阴离子型乳化剂主要包括十二烷基苯磺酸钙，三苯乙基酚聚氧乙醚磷酸酯胺盐，壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯胺盐，蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯胺盐。
本发明所述的分散剂包括：丙烯酸均聚物钠盐，马来酸二钠盐，萘磺酸甲醛缩合物钠盐，松香嵌段聚氧乙烯醚聚氧丙烯醚磺酸盐，端羟基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚嵌段共聚物，三苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯，脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸，对羟苯基木质素磺酸钠盐中的一种或几种。
本发明所述的湿润剂包括：脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，萘磺酸盐，十二烷基硫酸钠，烷基酚树脂聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐中的一种或两种以上组合。
本发明所述的增稠剂包括黄原胶，硅酸镁铝，海藻酸钠，羧甲基纤维素钠，阿拉伯胶，明胶，聚乙烯醇中的一种或几种。本发明所述的消泡剂优选为：泡敌、硅酮类、C8～10脂肪醇、C10～20饱和脂肪酸类及酰胺等。
本发明所述杀虫杀菌剂可以可以按照本领域通用的方法配制成油悬剂、悬浮剂、可湿性粉剂或水分散粒剂。
本发明提供的杀虫杀菌组合物和杀虫杀菌剂特别适合用于防治水稻纹枯病、稻瘟病、立枯病、恶苗病、青枯病、矮缩病和二化螟、稻飞虱、稻蓟马。
本发明所述的杀虫杀菌组合物相比现有技术具有如下优势：
(1)组合物中二种药剂复配在一定配比范围内表现为明显加强了对水稻纹枯病、二化螟的防治效果，对水稻苗期害虫和病害具有双重控制作用；
(2) 组合物中二种药剂复配在一定配比范围内减少了用药成本，降低了农民的劳动强度；
(3) 组合物中二种药剂复配在一定配比范围内延长了防治效果；
(4) 组合物中二种药剂复配在一定配比范围内可以促进水稻幼苗生长、具有保苗、壮苗和抗病的效果。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例为用来说明本发明的几个具体实施方式，但并不将本发明局限于这些具体实施方式。本领域技术人员应该认识到，本发明涵盖了权利要求书范围内所可能包括的所有备选方案、改进方案和等效方案。
下述实施例中材料配方选择可因地制宜，对结果无实质性的影响。在这些实施例中，除另有说明外，所有百分比均为重量百分比。
实施例1(20％氯苯醚酰胺·环氧虫啶悬浮剂)
按氯苯醚酰胺5％、环氧虫啶15％、磷酸酯分散剂(FS3000)4％、磺酸盐润湿剂(SXC)1％、硅酸镁铝1％、黄原胶0.1％、有机硅消泡剂0.3％、乙二醇5％、余量为去离子水。将上述配方按比例进行预先粉碎，再加入砂磨机中研磨，经高剪切混合后调配制得20％氯苯醚酰胺·环氧虫啶悬浮剂。
将制备的20％氯苯醚酰胺·环氧虫啶悬浮剂应用于防治水稻苗期二化螟、纹枯病。20％氯苯醚酰胺·环氧虫啶悬浮剂按有效成分5克/亩于二化螟卵孵化幼虫发生盛期，以及纹枯病发生初期兑水均匀喷雾，药后7天对二化螟、纹枯病的防效分别为98.0％、93.5％。对照单剂5％氯苯醚酰胺水剂(施药量为15克/亩)、15％环氧虫啶悬浮剂(有效成分施药量为3克/亩)按同样方法施药，药后7天，5％氯苯醚酰胺水剂对二化螟、纹枯病的防效分别为0.5％、86 .3％，15％，环氧虫啶悬浮剂对二化螟、纹枯病的防效分别为92.4％、1.7％。氯苯醚酰胺和环氧虫啶混配后可明显增加杀虫杀菌谱，达到病虫兼治作用，兼治防效优于单剂。
实施例2(15％氯苯醚酰胺·环氧虫啶悬浮种衣剂)
按氯苯醚酰胺1.0％、环氧虫啶14.0％、成膜剂PVA1.0％、NP-101.0％、聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯3 .0％、乙二醇5 .0％、BIT 0 .01％、有机硅消泡剂0 .3％、黄原胶0 .1％、警戒色碱性玫瑰精1.5％、其余量为水。将上述配方按比例进行预先粉碎，再加入砂磨机中研磨，经高剪切混合后加入成膜剂和警戒色调配制得15％氯苯醚酰胺·环氧虫啶悬浮种衣剂。
将制备的15％氯苯醚酰胺·环氧虫啶悬浮种衣剂应用于防治水稻苗期二化螟、纹枯病。15％氯苯醚酰胺·环氧虫啶悬浮种衣剂按有效成分10克/100千克种子进行水稻种子拌种处理，正常育秧，药后30天对二化螟、纹枯病的防效分别为96.1％、91.9％。对照单剂1％氯苯醚酰胺悬浮种衣剂(施药量为10克/100千克种子)、14％环氧虫啶悬浮剂(有效成分施药量为5克/100千克种子)，按同样方法拌种处理，药后30天，1％氯苯醚酰胺悬浮种衣剂对二化螟、纹枯病的防效为0.8％、88.0％，14％环氧虫啶悬浮剂对二化螟、纹枯病的防效分别为93.1％、2.4％。氯苯醚酰胺和环氧虫啶混配后可明显增加杀虫杀菌谱，达到病虫兼治作用，兼治防效优于单剂。
实施例3(50％氯苯醚酰胺·环氧虫啶水分散性粒剂)
按氯苯醚酰胺10％，环氧虫啶40％，分散剂(NNO+木钠)5％、拉开粉BX3％、K-12(十二烷基硫酸钠)4％、粘结剂羧甲基(乙基)纤维素5％、崩解剂(葡萄糖)5％、硅藻土3％、高岭土补充至100％。按配方要求，把前述各成分混合均匀经气流粉碎成可湿性粉剂，然后加入适量水进行造粒、烘干、整粒得到50％氯苯醚酰胺·环氧虫啶水分散颗粒剂。
将制备的50％氯苯醚酰胺·环氧虫啶水分散颗粒剂应用于防治水稻苗期二化螟、纹枯病。50％氯苯醚酰胺·环氧虫啶水分散颗粒剂按有效成分5克/100千克种子进行水稻种子拌种处理，正常育秧，药后25天对二化螟、纹枯病的防效分别为98.5％、94.6％。对照单剂10％氯苯醚酰胺悬浮种衣剂(施药量为10克/100千克种子)、40％环氧虫啶悬浮剂(有效成分施药量为5克/100千克种子)，按同样方法拌种处理，药后30天，10％氯苯醚酰胺悬浮种衣剂对二化螟、纹枯病的防效为1.0％、90.0％，40％环氧虫啶悬浮剂对二化螟、纹枯病的防效分别为94.9％、2.3％。氯苯醚酰胺和环氧虫啶混配后可明显增加杀虫杀菌谱，达到病虫兼治作用，兼治防效优于单剂。
由上述实施例与比较例可知，氯苯醚酰胺与环氧虫啶单剂不具有杀虫杀菌的双重效果，氯苯醚酰胺与环氧虫啶混配，扩大防治范围。达到施药一次即可防虫又可杀菌的双重效果。在播种时拌药一次可以防治整个苗期水稻的病虫害，降低劳动强度。
Claims (5)
1.一种杀虫杀菌组合物，其特征在于所述杀虫杀菌组合物含有二种活性成分，第一种活性成分为氯苯醚酰胺，第二种活性成分为环氧虫啶，所述第一种活性成分与第二种活性成分的质量配比为1～10:15～60。
2.一种杀虫杀菌剂，其特征在于所述杀虫杀菌剂中含有以重量计10～80％的杀虫杀菌组合物，其余为农业上可接受的载体和助剂；所述杀虫杀菌组合物含有二种活性成分，第一种活性成分为氯苯醚酰胺，第二种活性成分为环氧虫啶，所述第一种活性成分与第二种活性成分的质量配比为1～10:15～60。
3.按照权利要求3所述的杀虫杀菌剂，其特征在于所述杀虫杀菌剂被配制成悬浮剂、可湿性粉剂或水分散粒剂。
4.一种杀虫杀菌组合物的应用，其特征在于：
所述杀虫杀菌组合物被用于防治水稻苗期病虫害；
所述杀虫杀菌组合物含有二种活性成分，第一种活性成分为氯苯醚酰胺，第二种活性成分为环氧虫啶，所述第一种活性成分与第二种活性成分的质量配比为1～10:15～60。
5.按照权利要求7所述的杀虫杀菌组合物的应用，其特征在于所述杀虫杀菌组合物被用于防治水稻纹枯病、稻瘟病、立枯病、恶苗病、青枯病、矮缩病和二化螟、稻飞虱、稻蓟马。
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