CN106613543A - 一种预防石榴虫害的方法 - Google Patents

一种预防石榴虫害的方法 Download PDF

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CN106613543A
CN106613543A CN201610725314.7A CN201610725314A CN106613543A CN 106613543 A CN106613543 A CN 106613543A CN 201610725314 A CN201610725314 A CN 201610725314A CN 106613543 A CN106613543 A CN 106613543A
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刘长华
刘杨
王幼蝶
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Huaiyuan County Chaste Tree Tushan Pomegranate Science And Technology Ltd
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Abstract

本发明针对石榴果树常发生的大袋蛾、黄刺蛾、咖啡木蠹蛾、介壳虫和桃蛀螟5种虫害，采用人工防治和喷药防治结合方式，有效防治病虫害发生，尽量减少农药施用，提高石榴产量。

Description

一种预防石榴虫害的方法
技术领域
本发明属于石榴种植领域，具体涉及一种预防石榴虫害的方法。
背景技术
石榴落叶乔木或灌木；单叶，通常对生或簇生，无托叶。花顶生或近顶生，单生或几朵簇生或组成聚伞花序，近钟形，裂片5-9，花瓣5-9，多皱褶，覆瓦状排列；胚珠多数。浆果球形，顶端有宿存花萼裂片，果皮厚；种子多数，浆果近球形，果熟期9-10月。外种皮肉质半透明，多汁；内种皮革质。
石榴营养丰富，含有大量维生素C、有机酸、糖类、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素以及钙、磷、钾等矿物质，具有清热、解毒、平肝、补血、活血和止泻的功效。
近年来，一些果农为了提高石榴产量，在施药时为了提高杀虫效果，往往使用高浓度、高毒性的农药，但这些药物往往产生较严重的毒性残留，增加虫害的耐药性，降低石榴品质。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种预防石榴虫害的方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）大袋蛾：大袋蛾幼虫取食树叶、嫩枝及幼果，大发生时可将全部树叶吃光；在幼虫孵化高峰期（6月上旬）或幼虫危害期（6月上旬至10月上、中旬），用3%高渗苯氧威乳油3000-4000倍液+0.3%苦参碱可溶性液剂1000-1500倍液喷雾防治，连喷2-3次，时间间隔7天；；秋、冬季树木落叶后，摘除越冬护囊，集中烧毁；
（2）黄刺蛾：幼虫食性杂，初孵幼虫先食卵壳，然后取食叶下表皮和叶肉，剥下上表皮，形成圆形透明小班，隔1日后小班连接成块，4龄时取食叶片形成孔洞，5、6龄幼虫能将全叶吃光仅留叶脉；初龄幼虫期喷80%敌敌畏乳油1000倍+25%亚胺硫磷乳油1000倍液喷雾防治，连喷1-3次，时间间隔7天；发现有被害叶显现白色或半透明斑块等，及时摘除带虫枝、叶，深埋踩实；在成虫羽化期于19－21时用灯光诱杀；
（3）咖啡木蠹蛾：幼虫为害树干和枝条，致被害处以上部位黄化枯死，或易受大风折断，严重影响植株生长和产量；6月上、中旬幼虫孵化期，喷30%杀螟松1000倍液+ 2．5％天王星乳油1500倍液，连喷2-3次，时间间隔7天；成虫发生期设黑光灯诱杀；用细铁丝从蛀孔或排粪孔插入向上反复穿刺，可将幼虫刺死；及时剪除受害枝，集中烧毁或深埋；
（4）介壳虫：常群集于枝、叶、果上，吸取植物汁液为生，严重时会造成枝条凋萎或全株死亡，此外介壳虫的分泌物还能诱发煤污病；冬季可喷施1次1倍的松脂合剂+40倍的机油乳剂消灭越冬代雌虫，冬、春季发芽前，喷3%柴油乳剂消灭越冬代若虫；在若虫孵化盛期，用40%氧化乐果乳油+40%速扑杀乳油连续喷药3次,时间间隔7天；发现有个别枝条或叶片有介壳虫，用软刷轻轻刷除，结合修剪，剪去虫枝、虫叶，集中烧毁；
（5）桃蛀螟：此虫1年发生2－3代，食性杂，发生期长，第1、2代幼虫危害石榴最重，以老熟幼虫越冬，翌年5月份越冬代成虫羽化，白天静伏在背阴暗处，夜间活动；卵主要产在石榴萼筒中，初孵幼虫多在萼筒内或双果、贴叶处蛀食或钻入果内；用90％敌百虫0.1％溶液和成药泥，团成泥团墙塞萼筒；成虫发生期喷50％杀螟松乳剂的0.1％药液，在第1代卵和幼虫孵化期喷50％辛硫磷1—2次，时间间隔7天。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明针对石榴果树常发生的大袋蛾、黄刺蛾、咖啡木蠹蛾、介壳虫和桃蛀螟5种虫害，采用人工防治和喷药防治结合方式，有效防治病虫害发生，尽量减少农药施用，提高石榴产量。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例与具体实施方式对本发明做进一步详细说明。
实施例
一种预防石榴虫害的方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）大袋蛾：大袋蛾幼虫取食树叶、嫩枝及幼果，大发生时可将全部树叶吃光；在幼虫孵化高峰期（6月上旬）或幼虫危害期（6月上旬至10月上、中旬），用3%高渗苯氧威乳油3000-4000倍液+0.3%苦参碱可溶性液剂1000-1500倍液喷雾防治，连喷2-3次，时间间隔7天；；秋、冬季树木落叶后，摘除越冬护囊，集中烧毁；
（2）黄刺蛾：幼虫食性杂，初孵幼虫先食卵壳，然后取食叶下表皮和叶肉，剥下上表皮，形成圆形透明小班，隔1日后小班连接成块，4龄时取食叶片形成孔洞，5、6龄幼虫能将全叶吃光仅留叶脉；初龄幼虫期喷80%敌敌畏乳油1000倍+25%亚胺硫磷乳油1000倍液喷雾防治，连喷1-3次，时间间隔7天；发现有被害叶显现白色或半透明斑块等，及时摘除带虫枝、叶，深埋踩实；在成虫羽化期于19－21时用灯光诱杀；
（3）咖啡木蠹蛾：幼虫为害树干和枝条，致被害处以上部位黄化枯死，或易受大风折断，严重影响植株生长和产量；6月上、中旬幼虫孵化期，喷30%杀螟松1000倍液+ 2．5％天王星乳油1500倍液，连喷2-3次，时间间隔7天；成虫发生期设黑光灯诱杀；用细铁丝从蛀孔或排粪孔插入向上反复穿刺，可将幼虫刺死；及时剪除受害枝，集中烧毁或深埋；
（4）介壳虫：常群集于枝、叶、果上，吸取植物汁液为生，严重时会造成枝条凋萎或全株死亡，此外介壳虫的分泌物还能诱发煤污病；冬季可喷施1次1倍的松脂合剂+40倍的机油乳剂消灭越冬代雌虫，冬、春季发芽前，喷3%柴油乳剂消灭越冬代若虫；在若虫孵化盛期，用40%氧化乐果乳油+40%速扑杀乳油连续喷药3次,时间间隔7天；发现有个别枝条或叶片有介壳虫，用软刷轻轻刷除，结合修剪，剪去虫枝、虫叶，集中烧毁；
（5）桃蛀螟：此虫1年发生2－3代，食性杂，发生期长，第1、2代幼虫危害石榴最重，以老熟幼虫越冬，翌年5月份越冬代成虫羽化，白天静伏在背阴暗处，夜间活动；卵主要产在石榴萼筒中，初孵幼虫多在萼筒内或双果、贴叶处蛀食或钻入果内；用90％敌百虫0.1％溶液和成药泥，团成泥团墙塞萼筒；成虫发生期喷50％杀螟松乳剂的0.1％药液，在第1代卵和幼虫孵化期喷50％辛硫磷1—2次，时间间隔7天。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其它相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (1)

1.一种预防石榴虫害的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）大袋蛾：大袋蛾幼虫取食树叶、嫩枝及幼果，大发生时可将全部树叶吃光；在幼虫孵化高峰期（6月上旬）或幼虫危害期（6月上旬至10月上、中旬），用3%高渗苯氧威乳油3000-4000倍液+0.3%苦参碱可溶性液剂1000-1500倍液喷雾防治，连喷2-3次，时间间隔7天；；秋、冬季树木落叶后，摘除越冬护囊，集中烧毁；
（2）黄刺蛾：幼虫食性杂，初孵幼虫先食卵壳，然后取食叶下表皮和叶肉，剥下上表皮，形成圆形透明小班，隔1日后小班连接成块，4龄时取食叶片形成孔洞，5、6龄幼虫能将全叶吃光仅留叶脉；初龄幼虫期喷80%敌敌畏乳油1000倍+25%亚胺硫磷乳油1000倍液喷雾防治，连喷1-3次，时间间隔7天；发现有被害叶显现白色或半透明斑块等，及时摘除带虫枝、叶，深埋踩实；在成虫羽化期于19－21时用灯光诱杀；
（3）咖啡木蠹蛾：幼虫为害树干和枝条，致被害处以上部位黄化枯死，或易受大风折断，严重影响植株生长和产量；6月上、中旬幼虫孵化期，喷30%杀螟松1000倍液+ 2．5％天王星乳油1500倍液，连喷2-3次，时间间隔7天；成虫发生期设黑光灯诱杀；用细铁丝从蛀孔或排粪孔插入向上反复穿刺，可将幼虫刺死；及时剪除受害枝，集中烧毁或深埋；
（4）介壳虫：常群集于枝、叶、果上，吸取植物汁液为生，严重时会造成枝条凋萎或全株死亡，此外介壳虫的分泌物还能诱发煤污病；冬季可喷施1次1倍的松脂合剂+40倍的机油乳剂消灭越冬代雌虫，冬、春季发芽前，喷3%柴油乳剂消灭越冬代若虫；在若虫孵化盛期，用40%氧化乐果乳油+40%速扑杀乳油连续喷药3次,时间间隔7天；发现有个别枝条或叶片有介壳虫，用软刷轻轻刷除，结合修剪，剪去虫枝、虫叶，集中烧毁；
（5）桃蛀螟：此虫1年发生2－3代，食性杂，发生期长，第1、2代幼虫危害石榴最重，以老熟幼虫越冬，翌年5月份越冬代成虫羽化，白天静伏在背阴暗处，夜间活动；卵主要产在石榴萼筒中，初孵幼虫多在萼筒内或双果、贴叶处蛀食或钻入果内；用90％敌百虫0.1％溶液和成药泥，团成泥团墙塞萼筒；成虫发生期喷50％杀螟松乳剂的0.1％药液，在第1代卵和幼虫孵化期喷50％辛硫磷1—2次，时间间隔7天。
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