CN106610509A - Time domain processing method for transient electromagnetic data - Google Patents
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/38—Processing data, e.g. for analysis, for interpretation, for correction
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Abstract
The invention discloses a time domain processing method for transient electromagnetic data, and belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic prospecting data processing. The method comprises the steps: obtaining the transient electromagnetic data through a transient electromagnetic method, obtaining an induced electromotive force - time curve according to the transient electromagnetic data; carrying out the smoothing of the induced electromotive force - time curve through employing a weighted mean method, and removing the noise interference; removing a background induced electromotive force from the induced electromotive force - time curve after smoothing, calculating the relaxation intensity of the induced electromotive force at each moment according to the above, obtaining the time function of the relaxation intensity, and converting the time function of the relaxation intensity into a depth function of the relaxation according to a time-depth relation; taking the position of an inspecting test point as the x-coordinates, taking the burial depth of a target geologic body as the y-coordinates, taking the depth function of the relaxation intensity as a parameter, and obtaining a contour line profile map of the relaxation intensity through employing drawing software. The method provided by the invention improves the resolution for the target geologic body, and is accurate and reliable in conductivity judgment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electromagnetic survey information Processing Technology field, more particularly to a kind of transient electromagnetic field data when
Domain processing method.
Background technology
Transient electromagnetic method also referred to as TDEM (Time domain electromagnetic methods,
TEM), which utilizes earth-free loop line or ground connection line source to underground transmitting pulsatile once magnetic field, in pulsatile once magnetic
Field tempus intercalare, the method for observing secondary turbulence field using coil or ground electrode, which is widely used in oil gas
The fields such as exploration, mineral products investigation, safety of coal mines, water detection, geothermal exploration, engineering geology and environmental monitoring.
Under normal circumstances, the transient electromagnetic data for transient electromagnetic method exploration being obtained generally in frequency domain, example
As induction electromotive force is processed, for example, change into induction electric power curve using different when windows
The equivalent apparent resistivity of different frequency, and inverting is carried out in frequency domain to obtain resistivity profile figure, so as to
The resistivity (i.e. conductive capability) for obtaining institute's exploration geology body is distinguished.
Inventor has found that prior art at least has problems with：
Prior art processes transient electromagnetic data in frequency domain, its target geological body to different buried depths
Resolution it is relatively low.
The content of the invention
Embodiment of the present invention technical problem to be solved is, there is provided a kind of time domain of transient electromagnetic field data
Processing method.Concrete technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of time-domain processing method of transient electromagnetic field data, including：Step a, using transient electromagnetic method obtain wink
Become electromagnetic data, and induction electromotive force-time graph is obtained according to the transient electromagnetic data；
Step b, the induction electromotive force-time graph is smoothed using weighted mean method, to disappear
Except noise jamming；
Corresponding background sensing is eliminated in step c, the induction electromotive force-time graph from after smoothing processing
Electromotive force；
Step d, according to the induction electromotive force-time graph eliminated after background induction electromotive force, calculate each
The relaxation intensity of individual moment correspondence induction electromotive force, so as to obtain the time function of relaxation intensity, and according to when
The time function of the relaxation intensity is converted into the depth function of relaxation intensity by m- depth relationship；
Step e, to explore the position of test point as abscissa, the buried depth with geologic body to be measured as vertical coordinate,
Depth function with the relaxation intensity obtains the contour section of relaxation intensity using mapping software as parameter
Figure；
The computing formula of the relaxation intensity is：
Wherein, tension and relaxation intensity of the D (t) for t, Δ t are time window length,Before t
Moment induction electromotive force,After tMoment induction electromotive force.
Specifically, preferably, in step a, from the shut-off emission current moment, with predetermined
Sample frequency gathers induction electromotive force data, and according to the induction electromotive force data acquisition induction electromotive force-when
Half interval contour.
Specifically, preferably, in step b, using 5 points of weighted mean methods to the induction electric
Gesture-time graph is smoothed, and calculates point positioned at central point, and the weight coefficient of 5 data points is according to this
0.1、0.15、0.5、0.15、0.1。
Specifically, preferably, in step c, using method of least square, with function f (t)=ae-bt+c
Induction electromotive force-the time graph after fitting and smoothing process, obtains fitting parameter a, b, c, wherein, e
It is the nature truth of a matter, t is the sampling time of actual acquisition induction electromotive force data；
According to calculated fitting parameter a, b, c, functional value f (t) for calculating each correspondence moment is used as
Background induction electromotive force, and then by calculated each sensing of background induction electromotive force from after smoothing processing
In electromotive force-time graph, correspondence is eliminated.
Specifically, preferably, in step e, the mapping software for adopting is Surfer softwares.
The beneficial effect that technical scheme provided in an embodiment of the present invention is brought is：
The time-domain processing method of transient electromagnetic field data provided in an embodiment of the present invention, by the time domain to wink
Become electromagnetic data, i.e. induction electromotive force to be processed, to obtain relaxation intensity.According to determining to relaxation intensity
Justice understands that relaxation intensity is bigger, illustrates that faradic current is less, and the resistivity of target geological body is bigger；And open
Relaxation intensity is less, illustrates that faradic current is bigger, and the resistivity of target geological body is less.By to being obtained
The contour profile of relaxation intensity is explained, and can directly know the conduction of target geological body at different depth
Ability, and then it is readily determined the target geological body of strong wire ability.It can be seen that, it is provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Method, can not only effectively improve the resolution to the target geological body at different buried depths, and to target ground
The accuracy of judgement reliability of plastid electric conductivity.
Description of the drawings
For the technical scheme being illustrated more clearly that in the embodiment of the present invention, below will be to institute in embodiment description
The accompanying drawing that needs are used is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only the present invention
Some embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work,
Can be with according to these other accompanying drawings of accompanying drawings acquisition.
Fig. 1 is target geological body provided in an embodiment of the present invention induction electromotive force under Genter loop view mode
Change over the schematic diagram of characteristic；
Fig. 2 is the contour profile of the relaxation intensity that further embodiment of this invention is provided.
Reference is represented respectively：
The buried depth of 1 target geological body is 100m；
The buried depth of 2 target geological bodies is 500m；
The buried depth of 3 target geological bodies is 800m.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to the present invention
Embodiment is described in further detail.
A kind of time-domain processing method of transient electromagnetic field data is embodiments provided, is comprised the following steps：
Step 101, target geological body is explored using transient electromagnetic method, obtain transient electromagnetic data, and
Induction electromotive force-time graph is made according to the transient electromagnetic data.
Step 102, the induction electromotive force-time graph is smoothed using weighted mean method, to disappear
Except noise jamming.
Background induction electromotive force is eliminated in step 103, the induction electromotive force-time graph from after smoothing processing.
Step 104, according to eliminate background induction electromotive force after induction electromotive force-time graph, calculate each
The relaxation intensity of the induction electromotive force corresponding to the moment, to obtain the time function of relaxation intensity, and according to when
The time function of the relaxation intensity is converted into the depth function of relaxation intensity by m- depth relationship.
Step 105, according to the depth function of the relaxation intensity, obtain the target geological body under each buried depth
Relaxation intensity, to explore the position of test point as abscissa, with the buried depth of target geological body as vertical seat
Mark, the relaxation intensity with the target geological body under each buried depth are opened as parameter using mapping software
The contour profile of relaxation intensity.
Wherein, the computing formula of relaxation intensity is：
Tension and relaxation intensity of the D (t) for t, Δ t are time window length,Before tWhen
The induction electromotive force at quarter,After tMoment induction electromotive force.
The time-domain processing method of transient electromagnetic field data provided in an embodiment of the present invention, by the time domain to wink
Become electromagnetic data, i.e. induction electromotive force to be processed, to obtain relaxation intensity.According to determining to relaxation intensity
Justice understands that relaxation intensity is bigger, illustrates that faradic current is less, and the resistivity of target geological body is bigger；And open
Relaxation intensity is less, illustrates that faradic current is bigger, and the resistivity of target geological body is less.By to being obtained
The contour profile of relaxation intensity is explained, and can directly know the conduction of target geological body at different depth
Ability, and then it is readily determined the target geological body of strong wire ability.It can be seen that, it is provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Method, can not only effectively improve the resolution to the target geological body at different buried depths, and to target ground
The accuracy of judgement reliability of plastid electric conductivity.
Specifically, in step 101, target geological body is explored using transient electromagnetic method, it is acquired
Transient electromagnetic data is induction electromotive force data not in the same time, so as to make induction electric according to this data
Gesture-time graph.Wherein, during collection induction electromotive force, from the shut-off emission current moment,
With predetermined sample frequency, such as with 2.5-3.5 microseconds, the time interval collection faradism of preferably 3.2 microseconds
Kinetic potential data, so obtaining more accurate induction electromotive force data and avoid causing labor intensity when gathering
It is excessive.
As the induction electromotive force data for obtaining actually are measured in step 101 inevitably by noise
Affect, so the embodiment of the present invention is smoothed to which using step 102.Specifically, using weighting
Point weighted mean method of averaging method, particularly five is smoothed to the induction electromotive force-time graph, wherein,
Point is calculated positioned at central point, the weight coefficient of 5 data points is 0.1,0.15,0.5,0.15,0.1 according to this.
So with the interference that abates the noise, acquisition can accurately reflect the induction electromotive force data of target geological body electric conductivity.
In above-mentioned smoothing process, the data point of two of stem is located to whole piece induction electromotive force-time graph
Do not deal with two data points positioned at afterbody, keep them to be initial value.It is understood that of the invention
The technological means that weighted mean method described in embodiment is well known to those skilled in the art, the embodiment of the present invention
Here does not make specific restriction to which.
For example, the Genter loop device that the embodiment of the present invention can adopt this area common, observes a survey
Line, puts away from for 3 meters, and measuring point number is 120.Observation system includes three parts：Emission system, receive system
System and synchronization system.Emission system includes electromotor, transmitter and a big transmitting wire frame (Transmitter
Loop), launch the square that wire frame is for 15 meters × 15 meters.Electromotor is powered by 2 12 volts of storage battery, is sent out
The electric current supply transmitting wire frame that machine (T4) produces some strength is penetrated, so that Primary field is set up in underground.
Reception system is made up of data collection host (V5) and induction coil (Receiving Loop).Collection main frame
The multi-functional electrical instrument V5 of Canadian phoenix geophysics company, its function be signal is amplified,
Analog digital conversion, sampling and storage.From.Induction coil is that the multiturn that area is 1 square metre is circular
Coil, its effective area are 100 square metres, for receiving the induction electromotive force of vertical magnetic field.Synchronization system
For emission system with receive synchronous between system, collection main frame V5 emission system is controlled by synchronization system
Power supply and power-off time, ensure receive signal sampling be after power-off certain hour postpone the moment start.
Synchronized by coaxial cable.By field data, the i.e. collection of actual sensed electromotive force data, can obtain
Obtain the induction electric power curve of each test point.If tiThe induction electromotive force at moment is U0 i, then calculate the tiWhen
The formula for carving the induction electromotive force after smoothing processing is as follows：
Ui=0.10U0 i-2+0.15U0 i-2+0.5U0 i+0.15U0 i+1+0.10U0 i+1
Further, in order to obtain more really and accurately induction electromotive force data, the embodiment of the present invention is by step
Corresponding background induction electromotive force is eliminated in the rapid 103 induction electromotive force-time graphs from after smoothing processing.Tool
Body ground, using method of least square, with background function f (t)=ae-btThe faradism after the process of+c fitting and smoothings
Kinetic potential-time graph, obtains fitting parameter a, b, c, wherein, e is the nature truth of a matter, and t is actual acquisition sense
Answer the sampling time of electromotive force data.Wherein, if tiThe induction electromotive force at moment is Ui, i=1,2 ...,
N, mutually to observe data in the same time with the quadratic sum of background function deviation as object function, makes object function pair
The partial differential of fitting parameter a, b and c undetermined is respectively 0 and can obtain 3 equations, can be solved by this 3 equations
Go out fitting parameter a, b and c.According to calculated fitting parameter a, b, c, each correspondence moment is calculated
Functional value f (t) is used as background induction electromotive force (when wherein t is the sampling of actual acquisition induction electromotive force data
Between, i.e., the value of t should be that correspondence is consistent in the acquisition time of the data of actual sensed electromotive force).Further
Ground, by induction electromotive force-time graph of calculated each background induction electromotive force from after smoothing processing
Correspondence is eliminated, you can eliminate the background value of the explored induction electromotive force for obtaining.
After background induction electromotive force to be canceled, resulting induction electromotive force-time graph true and accurate as far as possible
Reflect the performance of target geological body.Now, in order to improve to target geological body, especially low resistance objective
The resolution of geologic body, the embodiment of the present invention introduce the concept of " relaxation intensity ", and pass through step 104
According to the induction electromotive force-time graph eliminated after background induction electromotive force, the sense corresponding to each moment is calculated
Answer the relaxation intensity of electromotive force, so as to obtain the time function of relaxation intensity, and according to when m- depth relationship,
The time function of the relaxation intensity is converted into into the depth function of relaxation intensity.
The embodiment of the present invention will carry out description below explanation to " relaxation intensity "：
1) transient electromagnetic sensing
Illustrate by taking Genter loop transient electromagnetic sounding as an example.Launch rectangle square wave current in it there is wire frame,
Presence due to electric current during powering can produce Primary field.After cut-off current, Primary field can become
Change, due to the change in magnetic field, the low-resistivity target geological body of underground can be caused to produce faradic current, sensing
Electric current can cause secondary magnetic field again.The measurable induction electromotive force for obtaining secondary magnetic field generation of receiving coil.
2) transient electromagnetic process
In media as well when additional electromagnetic field changes to another kind of steady statue from a kind of steady statue, due to medium
Polarization, magnetization and sharp electrical effect, the secondary field that inductive effect is produced also will be from a kind of state change to another
Plant steady statue.Start change to inducted secondary field another kind of steady from a kind of steady statue from additional electromagnetic field
Determine the whole process till tending towards stability under the state of outfield, referred to as transient electromagnetic process.
3) relaxation time
Time spent by transient electromagnetic process is exactly the relaxation time.For example, it is 100 Ω m in resistivity
In homogeneous half space, objective geologic body is the cube that the length of side is 50m, and resistivity is 10 Ω m,
Be respectively 100 when the buried depth of the target geological body, 500, and during 800m, in Genter loop watcher
Under formula, the time dependent curve of its induction electromotive force is as shown in Figure 1.As shown in Figure 1, work as target geological
When body is changed stepwise by shallow-layer to deep layer, the relaxation time is shortened by length.
4) feature of transient electromagnetic process
Inventor is by the test and simulation to transient electromagnetic process, it is understood that transient electromagnetic process has following 3
Individual feature：
1st, the bigger objective geologic body of resistivity, relaxation time are shorter, and induction electromotive force decay is faster.
The less objective geologic body of resistivity, relaxation time are bigger, and induction electromotive force decay is slower.
2nd, the different periods of induction electric power curve mainly reflect the dielectricabsorption conductance of different depth.
3rd, the buried depth of objective geologic body is bigger, and the relaxation time is shorter, and induction electromotive force decay is got over
Hurry up.Buried depth is less, and the relaxation time is bigger, and induction electromotive force decay is slower.
On the basis of the above, even if the embodiment of the present invention provides the definition of tension and relaxation intensity by following formula, i.e.,
Tension and relaxation intensity is induction electromotive force attenuation amplitude in the given time.
If T0The induction electromotive force at moment is U0, T1The induction electromotive force at moment is U1, then when window [T0,
T1] midpoint：T=(T0+T1Tension and relaxation intensity D=U at the moment of)/20-U1.Its physical meaning is：Tension and relaxation is strong
The bigger explanation faradic current of degree is less, and the resistivity of target geological body is bigger；The less explanation sensing of tension and relaxation intensity
Electric current is bigger, and the resistivity of target geological body is less.This is because secondary faradic current prevents attenuation change,
Relaxation time is longer, reflects that the conductive capability of target geological body is stronger, discloses rock resistivity less.
For an exploration test point, emf curve is divided into n deciles along time shafts, it is however generally that,
Resolution is more high, it is required that n is bigger.If TiThe induction electromotive force at moment is Ui, Ti+1Moment for Ui+1, then
In T=(Ti+Ti+1The tension and relaxation intensity at the moment of)/2 is D=Ui-Ui+1, be so obtained with tension and relaxation intensity when
Between function D (T).During foundation, m- depth relationship is converted to tension and relaxation intensity the time function of tension and relaxation intensity afterwards
Depth function D (H).
Wherein, when above-mentioned, m- depth relationship refers specifically to be acquired the induction electromotive force of target geological body
Time and the buried depth of target geological body between relation, which can be converted by formula is calculated as below：
H=cT, wherein, H refers to the buried depth of target geological body, and T refers to the sensing to target geological body
The time that electromotive force is acquired, c are calibration coefficient, and which passes through the target geological body of a known buried depth
It is determined, such as the depth of a known bed boundary is 1000 meters, its corresponding induction electromotive force collection
Time is 100 microseconds, then c is exactly 10m/ μ s.Thus, being obtained with same test point in difference
The relaxation intensity of depth, that is, obtain the depth function D (H) of tension and relaxation intensity.
Hereafter, the embodiment of the present invention will by step 105, to explore the position X of test point as abscissa,
Buried depth H with target geological body is as vertical coordinate, calculated with the depth function for passing through relaxation intensity
Relaxation intensity D (X, H) parameter at each buried depth, using mapping software, such as Surfer softwares are obtained
The contour profile of relaxation intensity.
From on the contour profile of the relaxation intensity of gained as can be seen that sensing at the bigger position of intensity of speeding
Electric current is little, reflects that the resistivity of target geological body at the position is bigger.Feel at the less position of tension and relaxation intensity
Induced current is bigger, reflects that the conductive capability of target geological body at the position is stronger, and resistivity is less.It is such as attached
(wherein left vertical coordinate represents the buried depth located underground of target geological body) shown in Fig. 2, retouches according to more than
State, can identify on the contour profile of relaxation intensity that there is the molten of about 2 meters of sizes 34 meters of depths
Hole.Verify there is really a solution cavity between 33.00-35.1 through actual borehole, and from relaxation intensity
Recognize on contour profile that the result for obtaining is completely the same.And on the high-density electric section of same profile
Without any display, showing that method provided in an embodiment of the present invention can be effectively improved is carried out to target geological body
The resolution of electromagnetic survey.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is the foregoing is only, it is not to limit the scope of the invention, all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., all should include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of time-domain processing method of transient electromagnetic field data, including：Step a, obtained using transient electromagnetic method
Transient electromagnetic data is taken, and induction electromotive force-time graph is obtained according to the transient electromagnetic data；
Step b, the induction electromotive force-time graph is smoothed using weighted mean method, to disappear
Except noise jamming；
Corresponding background sensing is eliminated in step c, the induction electromotive force-time graph from after smoothing processing
Electromotive force；
Step d, according to the induction electromotive force-time graph eliminated after background induction electromotive force, calculate each
The relaxation intensity of individual moment correspondence induction electromotive force, so as to obtain the time function of relaxation intensity, and according to when
The time function of the relaxation intensity is converted into the depth function of relaxation intensity by m- depth relationship；
Step e, according to the depth function of the relaxation intensity, obtain the target geological body under each buried depth
Relaxation intensity, to explore the position of test point as abscissa, with the buried depth of target geological body as vertical seat
Mark, the relaxation intensity with the target geological body under described each buried depth are obtained as parameter using mapping software
Obtain the contour profile of relaxation intensity；
The computing formula of the relaxation intensity is：
Wherein, tension and relaxation intensity of the D (t) for t, Δ t are time window length,Before t
Moment induction electromotive force,After tMoment induction electromotive force.
2. time-domain processing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step a, from
The shut-off emission current moment, with predetermined sample frequency collection induction electromotive force data, and according to described
Induction electromotive force data acquisition induction electromotive force-time graph.
3. time-domain processing method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that in step b, adopt
Induction electromotive force-the time graph is smoothed with 5 points of weighted mean methods, point is calculated positioned at center
Point, the weight coefficient of 5 data points is 0.1,0.15,0.5,0.15,0.1 according to this.
4. time-domain processing method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that in step c, adopt
With method of least square, with function f (t)=ae-btInduction electromotive force-the time graph after the process of+c fitting and smoothings,
Fitting parameter a, b, c are obtained, wherein, e is the nature truth of a matter, and t is adopting for actual acquisition induction electromotive force data
The sample time；
According to calculated fitting parameter a, b, c, functional value f (t) for calculating each correspondence moment is used as
Background induction electromotive force, and then by calculated each sensing of background induction electromotive force from after smoothing processing
In electromotive force-time graph, correspondence is eliminated.
5. time-domain processing method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that in step e, adopt
Mapping software is Surfer softwares.
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