CN106608177A - Hybrid power electric car driving system based on planetary gear mechanism - Google Patents
Hybrid power electric car driving system based on planetary gear mechanism Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于行星齿轮机构的混合动力电动汽车驱动系统，它包括：内燃机、主电机、发电机、第一离合器、第二离合器、制动器、控制单元ECU、驱动桥、半轴、车轮、电机控制器、动力电池、逆变器、行星机构。所述驱动桥通过两个半轴与所述车轮相连；所述行星机构包括太阳轮、行星架、齿圈和行星齿轮；太阳轮与主电机转子轴相连，行星架作为输出端与所述驱动桥相连；所述制动器与齿圈相连；所述发电机一端与所述内燃机连接，另一端与所述电机控制器连接；所述控制单元ECU与所述电机控制器连接，所述电机控制器分别与所述主电机和发电机连接。本发明通过行星齿轮机构、多片离合器配合使用，可适时切换多种驱动模式，增加行驶里程。
The present invention relates to a hybrid electric vehicle drive system based on a planetary gear mechanism, which includes: an internal combustion engine, a main motor, a generator, a first clutch, a second clutch, a brake, a control unit ECU, a drive axle, a half shaft, wheels, Motor controller, power battery, inverter, planetary mechanism. The drive axle is connected to the wheel through two half shafts; the planetary mechanism includes a sun gear, a planet carrier, a ring gear and a planetary gear; the sun gear is connected to the rotor shaft of the main motor, and the planet carrier is used as an output end to connect with the The bridge is connected; the brake is connected with the ring gear; one end of the generator is connected with the internal combustion engine, and the other end is connected with the motor controller; the control unit ECU is connected with the motor controller, and the motor controller respectively connected with the main motor and the generator. The present invention is used in conjunction with a planetary gear mechanism and a multi-plate clutch to switch multiple drive modes in good time and increase the mileage.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及混合动力电动汽车驱动传动领域，特别是一种基于行星齿轮机构的混合动力电动汽车驱动系统。 The invention relates to the field of hybrid electric vehicle drive transmission, in particular to a hybrid electric vehicle drive system based on a planetary gear mechanism.
背景技术 Background technique
随着全球能源短缺以及环境污染的日益加重，研究节能环保的新能源汽车成为当前的热点。电动汽车具有零排放、能源利用率高、结构简单、噪声小和原料来源广的优点，是未来汽车工业发展的方向之一。但是传统汽车的发展却受到电池技术的制约，由于国内充电桩网络无法大面积的覆盖，电池不能及时充电，限制了电动汽车的续驶里程，另外，电池在快速启动、上坡、加速时经常处于深放电状态，在回收制动时，快速回收制动能量，因此电池的寿命受到严重损害。混合动力汽车兼顾了内燃机和纯电动汽车的优点，具有低油耗、低排放、长行驶里程的优点，是当前切实可行的方案。而行星齿轮机构因其结构紧凑、传动比大和承载能力强等优点而被越来越多地应用于混合动力汽车中。 With the increasing global energy shortage and environmental pollution, the study of energy-saving and environmentally friendly new energy vehicles has become a current hot spot. Electric vehicles have the advantages of zero emissions, high energy utilization, simple structure, low noise and wide source of raw materials, and are one of the future development directions of the automobile industry. However, the development of traditional cars is restricted by battery technology. Because the domestic charging pile network cannot cover a large area, the battery cannot be charged in time, which limits the driving range of electric vehicles. In addition, the battery often In a state of deep discharge, during regenerative braking, the braking energy is quickly recovered, so the life of the battery is severely compromised. Hybrid electric vehicles take into account the advantages of internal combustion engines and pure electric vehicles, and have the advantages of low fuel consumption, low emissions, and long mileage, and are currently a feasible solution. The planetary gear mechanism is more and more used in hybrid vehicles because of its compact structure, large transmission ratio and strong load capacity.
世界上各个汽车公司相竞推出了混合动力汽车，其中日本丰田公司推出的“Prius”以及美国通用公司推出的雪佛兰沃蓝达（Volt）增程式电动轿车均采用了行星齿轮机构混合动力系统；丰田公司的丰田混合系统（THS）采用了具有两个自由度的行星齿轮机构的功率分流器，通过对控制系统的优化，使发动机工作在最优工作区域。 Various automobile companies in the world have launched hybrid vehicles, among which the "Prius" launched by Japan's Toyota and the Chevrolet Volt (Volt) extended-range electric car launched by General Motors of the United States all use a planetary gear hybrid system; The company's Toyota Hybrid System (THS) uses a power splitter with a planetary gear mechanism with two degrees of freedom. Through the optimization of the control system, the engine works in the optimal working area.
但是传统的混合动力汽车不允许内燃机或者电动机单独驱动车辆，汽车驱动系统结构复杂、部件较多，导致对内燃机和电机控制困难，且驱动模式相对较少。 However, traditional hybrid vehicles do not allow the internal combustion engine or electric motor to drive the vehicle alone. The vehicle drive system has a complex structure and many components, which makes it difficult to control the internal combustion engine and electric motor, and there are relatively few driving modes.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种基于行星齿轮机构的一种混合动力电动汽车驱动系统。 The object of the present invention is to provide a driving system of a hybrid electric vehicle based on a planetary gear mechanism.
实现本发明目的的技术解决方案为：一种基于行星齿轮机构的混合动力电动汽车驱动系统，包括内燃机、发电机、控制单元ECU、电机控制器、主电机、逆变器、动力电池、驱动模块、驱动桥、半轴和车轮，所述内燃机与发电机相连，为发电机提供动力发电，控制单元ECU与电机控制器相连，对整车进行电子控制，电机控制器分别与主电机和发电机连接，控制其工作，动力电池通过逆变器与电机控制器相连，将发电机的三相电转化为交流电为电池充电； The technical solution to realize the object of the present invention is: a hybrid electric vehicle drive system based on a planetary gear mechanism, including an internal combustion engine, a generator, a control unit ECU, a motor controller, a main motor, an inverter, a power battery, and a drive module , drive axle, axle shaft and wheels, the internal combustion engine is connected with the generator to provide power for the generator to generate electricity, the control unit ECU is connected with the motor controller to electronically control the whole vehicle, and the motor controller is connected with the main motor and the generator respectively Connect and control its work, the power battery is connected to the motor controller through the inverter, and the three-phase power of the generator is converted into alternating current to charge the battery;
发电机的转子轴和主电机的转子轴均与驱动模块相连，为其提供动力，驱动模块的动力经行星架输出给驱动桥，驱动桥经两个半轴与车轮相连，为车轮提供驱动力。 Both the rotor shaft of the generator and the rotor shaft of the main motor are connected to the drive module to provide power for them. The power of the drive module is output to the drive axle through the planet carrier, and the drive axle is connected to the wheels through two half shafts to provide driving force for the wheels. .
本发明与现有技术相比，其显著优点为：1）本发明一种基于行星齿轮机构的混合动力电动汽车驱动系统通过行星齿轮机构、多片离合器配合使用，弥补目前混合动力汽车存在的不足，提高混合动力汽车的动力性和燃油经济性，简化驱动系统的结构，且可适时切换多种驱动模式，增加行驶里程；2）本发明的纯电动模式有两种传动比，可实现速度比为1的动力传递也可实现减速增扭动力传递，内燃机与电机共同驱动模式时可实现调速功能。 Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following remarkable advantages: 1) A hybrid electric vehicle drive system based on a planetary gear mechanism of the present invention is used in conjunction with a planetary gear mechanism and a multi-plate clutch to make up for the shortcomings of current hybrid vehicles , improve the power and fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles, simplify the structure of the drive system, and switch multiple drive modes in good time to increase the mileage; 2) The pure electric mode of the present invention has two transmission ratios, which can realize speed ratio The power transmission of 1 can also realize the power transmission of deceleration and torque increase, and the speed regulation function can be realized in the joint driving mode of the internal combustion engine and the electric motor.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明基于行星齿轮机构的一种混合动力电动汽车驱动系统的结构示意图。 FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a drive system of a hybrid electric vehicle based on a planetary gear mechanism according to the present invention.
图2为本发明驱动系统核心驱动模块结构示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the core drive module of the drive system of the present invention.
图3为本领域行星齿轮机构的结构示意图。 Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a planetary gear mechanism in the art.
图4（a）为第一离合器断开、第二离合器接通、制动器断开，纯电动模式功率流图。 Figure 4(a) is the power flow diagram of the pure electric mode with the first clutch disconnected, the second clutch engaged, and the brake disconnected.
图4（b）为第一离合器断开、第二离合器断开、制动器接通，纯电动模式功率流图。 Figure 4(b) is the power flow diagram of the pure electric mode with the first clutch disconnected, the second clutch disconnected, the brake connected.
图4（c）为第一离合器接通、第二离合器断开、制动器断开，功率流图。 Figure 4(c) is the power flow diagram when the first clutch is turned on, the second clutch is turned off, and the brake is turned off.
图4（d）为第一离合器接通、第二离合器接通、制动器断开，功率流图。 Figure 4(d) is the power flow diagram when the first clutch is on, the second clutch is on, the brake is off.
图4（e）为第一离合器接通、第二离合器接通、制动器接通，功率流图。 Figure 4(e) is a power flow diagram when the first clutch is turned on, the second clutch is turned on, the brake is turned on.
图4（f）为第一离合器断开、第二离合器接通、制动器断开，倒挡功率流图。 Figure 4(f) is the power flow diagram of the reverse gear when the first clutch is disconnected, the second clutch is engaged, the brake is disconnected.
图4（g）为第一离合器断开、第二离合器断开、制动器接通，倒挡功率流图。 Figure 4(g) is the power flow diagram of the first clutch disconnected, the second clutch disconnected, the brake connected, and the reverse gear.
图4（h）为第一离合器断开、第二离合器接通、制动器断开，再生制动模式功率流图。 Fig. 4(h) is a power flow diagram of regenerative braking mode with the first clutch disconnected, the second clutch engaged, the brake disconnected.
图4（i）为第一离合器断开、第二离合器断开、制动器接通，再生制动模式功率流图。 Fig. 4(i) is a power flow diagram of the regenerative braking mode with the first clutch disconnected, the second clutch disconnected, the brake applied.
图中编号所代表的的含义为：1-发电机转子轴、2-第一离合器、3-齿圈、4-行星齿轮、5-行星架、6-太阳轮、7-制动器、8-第二离合器、9-主电机转子轴。 The meanings represented by the numbers in the figure are: 1-generator rotor shaft, 2-first clutch, 3-ring gear, 4-planetary gear, 5-planet carrier, 6-sun gear, 7-brake, 8-the first Two clutches, 9-main motor rotor shaft.
具体实施方式 detailed description
本发明的一种基于行星齿轮机构的混合动力电动汽车驱动系统，包括内燃机、发电机、控制单元ECU、电机控制器、主电机、逆变器、动力电池、驱动模块、驱动桥、半轴和车轮，所述内燃机与发电机相连，为发电机提供动力发电，控制单元ECU与电机控制器相连，对整车进行电子控制，电机控制器分别与主电机和发电机连接，控制其工作，动力电池通过逆变器与电机控制器相连，将发电机的三相电转化为交流电为电池充电； A hybrid electric vehicle drive system based on a planetary gear mechanism of the present invention includes an internal combustion engine, a generator, a control unit ECU, a motor controller, a main motor, an inverter, a power battery, a drive module, a drive axle, a half shaft and The internal combustion engine is connected to the generator to provide power for the generator to generate electricity. The control unit ECU is connected to the motor controller to electronically control the vehicle. The motor controller is connected to the main motor and the generator to control its work. The battery is connected to the motor controller through an inverter, which converts the three-phase power of the generator into alternating current to charge the battery;
发电机的转子轴1和主电机的转子轴9均与驱动模块相连，为其提供动力，驱动模块的动力经行星架5输出给驱动桥，驱动桥经两个半轴与车轮相连，为车轮提供驱动力。 Both the rotor shaft 1 of the generator and the rotor shaft 9 of the main motor are connected to the drive module to provide power for them. The power of the drive module is output to the drive axle through the planetary carrier 5, and the drive axle is connected to the wheel through two half shafts to provide power for the wheel. Provide drive.
所述驱动模块包括发电机的转子轴1、第一离合器2、制动器7、第二离合器8、行星机构和主电机的转子轴9；所述行星机构包括齿圈3、行星齿轮4、行星架5和太阳轮6； The drive module includes the rotor shaft 1 of the generator, the first clutch 2, the brake 7, the second clutch 8, the planetary mechanism and the rotor shaft 9 of the main motor; the planetary mechanism includes the ring gear 3, the planetary gear 4, the planet carrier 5 and sun gear 6;
所述第一离合器2的一端与发电机的转子轴1相连，另一端与所述行星机构的齿圈3相连，第二离合器8一端与主电机的转子轴9相连，另一端与所述行星机构的齿圈3相连，第一离合器2和第二离合器8均能够锁定所述行星齿轮机构，所述制动器7作为制动原件与行星机构的齿圈3相连，来控制行星机构的运动；所述主电机转子轴9与行星机构太阳轮6相连，行星架5作为输出端与驱动桥相连，将动力传递给车轮。 所述行星齿轮4共有三个，分别为第一行星齿轮4-1，第二行星齿轮4-2和第三行星齿轮4-3。 One end of the first clutch 2 is connected to the rotor shaft 1 of the generator, and the other end is connected to the ring gear 3 of the planetary mechanism. One end of the second clutch 8 is connected to the rotor shaft 9 of the main motor, and the other end is connected to the planetary gear. The ring gear 3 of the mechanism is connected, the first clutch 2 and the second clutch 8 can lock the planetary gear mechanism, and the brake 7 is connected with the ring gear 3 of the planetary mechanism as a braking element to control the movement of the planetary mechanism; The rotor shaft 9 of the main motor is connected with the sun gear 6 of the planetary mechanism, and the planet carrier 5 is connected with the drive axle as an output end to transmit power to the wheels. There are three planetary gears 4, namely a first planetary gear 4-1, a second planetary gear 4-2 and a third planetary gear 4-3.
所述制动器7采用液压多片式制动器，所述第一离合器2和第二离合器8均采用湿式多片式离合器。且所述离合器能够锁定所述行星齿轮机构，即当所述离合器处于分离状态时，所述行星架5和齿圈3分离，当所述离合器处于结合状态时，所述行星架5和齿圈3结合。 The brake 7 is a hydraulic multi-plate brake, and the first clutch 2 and the second clutch 8 are wet multi-plate clutches. And the clutch can lock the planetary gear mechanism, that is, when the clutch is in the disengaged state, the planet carrier 5 and the ring gear 3 are separated, and when the clutch is in the engaged state, the planet carrier 5 and the ring gear 3 combined.
所述行星齿轮机构为单排行星轮机构，所述主电机为单电机结构。 The planetary gear mechanism is a single row planetary gear mechanism, and the main motor is a single motor structure.
本发明驱动系统通过行星机构、离合器和制动器的配合使用可以实现纯电机驱动及电机、发动机耦合驱动模式。可令太阳轮齿数为z1，半径为r1，转速为n1，齿圈齿数为z2，半径为r2，转速为n2，行星架的转速为n3。设α=z2/z1=r2/r1，单排行星齿轮运动的规律为n1+αn2-(1+α)n3=0，通过控制离合器、制动器的接通及断开，所述的一种基于行星齿轮机构的混合动力电动汽车驱动系统的驱动模式有如下几种： The drive system of the present invention can realize pure motor drive and motor-engine coupling drive mode through the cooperative use of the planetary mechanism, the clutch and the brake. The number of teeth of the sun gear is z 1 , the radius is r 1 , the speed is n 1 , the number of teeth of the ring gear is z 2 , the radius is r 2 , the speed is n 2 , and the speed of the planet carrier is n 3 . Assuming α=z 2 /z 1 =r 2 /r 1 , the law of single-row planetary gear movement is n 1 +αn 2 -(1+α)n 3 =0, by controlling the clutch and brake on and off , the drive modes of the hybrid electric vehicle drive system based on the planetary gear mechanism are as follows:
（一）、当所述第一离合器2断开、所述第二离合器8接通、所述制动器7断开时，所述主电机的转子轴9与所述行星机构齿圈3刚性连接，动力经所述行星架5按1:1输出给所述驱动桥；其功率流具体如图4（a）所示。 (1) When the first clutch 2 is disconnected, the second clutch 8 is connected, and the brake 7 is disconnected, the rotor shaft 9 of the main motor is rigidly connected to the ring gear 3 of the planetary mechanism, Power is output to the drive axle via the planetary carrier 5 at a ratio of 1:1; its power flow is specifically shown in Figure 4(a).
（二）、当所述第一离合器2断开、所述第二离合器8断开、所述制动器7接通时，所述行星机构的齿圈3被制动，动力经所述行星架5输出，为减速传动，传动比为1+α；其功率流具体如图4（b）所示。 (2) When the first clutch 2 is disconnected, the second clutch 8 is disconnected, and the brake 7 is connected, the ring gear 3 of the planetary mechanism is braked, and the power passes through the planet carrier 5 The output is a deceleration drive with a transmission ratio of 1+α; its power flow is shown in Figure 4(b).
（三）、当所述第一离合器2接通、所述第二离合器8断开、所述制动器7断开时，所述主电机与所述发动机动力耦合后经所述行星架5输出给所述驱动桥，根据所述行星机构齿圈3、太阳轮6的参数不同可以实现调速功能；其功率流具体如图4（c）所示。 (3) When the first clutch 2 is turned on, the second clutch 8 is turned off, and the brake 7 is turned off, the power of the main motor is coupled with the engine and output to the According to the different parameters of the ring gear 3 and the sun gear 6 of the planetary mechanism, the drive axle can realize the speed regulation function; its power flow is specifically shown in FIG. 4( c ).
（四）、当所述第一离合器2接通、所述第二离合器8接通、所述制动器7断开时，所述主电机与所述内燃机共同驱动车轮，且动力经所述行星架5输出给所述驱动桥；其功率流具体如图4（d）所示。 (4) When the first clutch 2 is turned on, the second clutch 8 is turned on, and the brake 7 is turned off, the main motor and the internal combustion engine drive the wheels together, and the power passes through the planet carrier 5 is output to the drive axle; its power flow is specifically shown in Figure 4(d).
（五）、当所述主电机转子轴9空转，所述第一离合器2接通、所述第二离合器8接通、所述制动器7断开时，所述行星机构的太阳轮6与齿圈3刚性连接，动力经所述行星架5输出给所述驱动桥，实现纯发动机驱动模式；其功率流具体如图4（e）所示。 (5) When the main motor rotor shaft 9 is idling, the first clutch 2 is connected, the second clutch 8 is connected, and the brake 7 is disconnected, the sun gear 6 of the planetary mechanism and the gear The ring 3 is rigidly connected, and the power is output to the drive axle through the planet carrier 5 to realize the pure engine drive mode; the power flow is shown in Fig. 4(e).
（六）、当所述主电机转子轴9反转，所述第一离合器2断开、所述第二离合器8接通、所述制动器7断开时，驱动系统实现倒挡，减速比为1:1；其功率流具体如图4（f）所示。 (6) When the rotor shaft 9 of the main motor reverses, the first clutch 2 is disconnected, the second clutch 8 is connected, and the brake 7 is disconnected, the drive system realizes reverse gear, and the reduction ratio is 1:1; its power flow is shown in Figure 4(f).
（七）、当所述主电机转子轴9反转，所述第一离合器2断开、所述第二离合器8断开、所述制动器7接通时，驱动系统实现倒挡，减速比为1+α；其功率流具体如图4（g）所示。 (7) When the rotor shaft 9 of the main motor reverses, the first clutch 2 is disconnected, the second clutch 8 is disconnected, and the brake 7 is connected, the drive system realizes reverse gear, and the reduction ratio is 1+α; its power flow is shown in Figure 4(g).
（八）、当所述第一离合器2断开、所述第二离合器8接通、所述制动器7断开时，所述主电机工作，此时主电机为发电模式，所述发电机向电池组充电实现制动能量回收，所述电机控制器控制所述主电机产生制动力矩，制动力矩按1:1经所述行星架5输出给所述驱动桥，实现再生制动模式；其功率流具体如图4（h）所示。 (8) When the first clutch 2 is disconnected, the second clutch 8 is connected, and the brake 7 is disconnected, the main motor works. At this time, the main motor is in the power generation mode, and the generator supplies The battery pack is charged to realize braking energy recovery, the motor controller controls the main motor to generate a braking torque, and the braking torque is output to the drive axle through the planet carrier 5 at a ratio of 1:1 to realize a regenerative braking mode; Its power flow is shown in Fig. 4(h).
（九）、当所述第一离合器2断开、所述第二离合器8断开、所述制动器7接通时，所述主电机工作，此时主电机为发电模式，制动力矩增大1+α倍后经所述行星架5输出给所述驱动桥，实现再生制动模式。其功率流具体如图4（i）所示。 (9) When the first clutch 2 is disconnected, the second clutch 8 is disconnected, and the brake 7 is connected, the main motor works. At this time, the main motor is in the power generation mode, and the braking torque increases After 1+α times, it is output to the drive axle through the planet carrier 5 to realize the regenerative braking mode. Its power flow is shown in Fig. 4(i).
由上可知，本发明的基于行星齿轮机构的混合动力电动汽车驱动系统通过行星齿轮机构、多片离合器配合使用，弥补目前混合动力汽车存在的不足，提高混合动力汽车的动力性和燃油经济性，简化驱动系统的结构，且可适时切换多种驱动模式，增加行驶里程。 As can be seen from the above, the hybrid electric vehicle drive system based on the planetary gear mechanism of the present invention is used in conjunction with the planetary gear mechanism and the multi-disc clutch to make up for the existing deficiencies of the hybrid vehicle and improve the power and fuel economy of the hybrid vehicle. The structure of the driving system is simplified, and multiple driving modes can be switched in time to increase the mileage.
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Application publication date: 20170503 |