CN106602143A - Electrolyte used for silicon negative electrode lithium battery - Google Patents
Electrolyte used for silicon negative electrode lithium battery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106602143A CN106602143A CN201611224608.8A CN201611224608A CN106602143A CN 106602143 A CN106602143 A CN 106602143A CN 201611224608 A CN201611224608 A CN 201611224608A CN 106602143 A CN106602143 A CN 106602143A
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- Prior art keywords
- additive
- electrolyte
- carbonate
- battery
- lithium battery
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses an electrolyte used for a silicon negative electrode lithium battery, and belongs to the technical field of the electrolyte for a lithium ion battery. The electrolyte comprises a lithium salt, an organic solvent and additives, wherein the concentration of the lithium salt in the organic solvent is 1-1.5mol/L; the dosage of the additives is 0.5-10%; the organic solvent is carbonic ester; and the additives comprise 0.1-3mass% of film-forming additive, 0.5-5mass% of anti-overcharging additive and 0.4-5mass% of positive electrode protection additive, wherein the film-forming additive comprises 2-methoxyethoxy sulfonyl isocyanate which accounts for 0.1-5% of the mass of the electrolyte. By virtue of the reasonable preparation of the additives, the electrolyte containing the additives can effectively improve the charging and discharging performance of the silicon negative electrode lithium battery and reduce generation of side reactions, so that battery gas expansion can be reduced and the cycle life of the battery is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium battery electrolytes, is related to a kind of electrolyte for silicium cathode lithium battery.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery has the advantages that operating voltage height, energy density height, environmental friendliness, stable circulation, safe because of it,
In being widely used in the various electronic equipments of notebook computer, mobile phone, MP4 etc..But with battery capacity in electronic equipment
Improve, people it is also proposed higher requirement to the operating voltage and energy density of lithium ion battery.
Electrolyte is the important component part of battery, carries and ion is transmitted between positive and negative electrode by inside battery
Effect, its capacity to battery, operating temperature range, cycle performance and security performance etc. have important impact.Electrolyte is general
It is divided into liquid electrolyte and the class of solid electrolyte two, following basic demand need to be met：(1) high ionic conductivity, typically should reach
To 1 × 10-3-2×10-2S/cm；(2) high heat endurance and chemical stability, do not occur point within the scope of wider temperature
Solution；(3) wider electrochemical window, keeps stablizing for chemical property in wider voltage range；(4) with other portions of battery
Divide and there is good compatibility；(5) it is safe and nontoxic, pollution-free.
Liquid organic solution liquid is the most commonly used, but as the range of application of battery is constantly widened, people are to battery
The requirement of each side is continuously increased, and original electrolyte system can not meet use requirement.Add in the electrolytic solution a small amount of
Cucumber, some performances of battery, the such as electrical conductivity of electrolyte, the cycle efficieny of battery and reversible appearance can be significantly improved
Amount, security performance of battery etc., these a small amount of materials are referred to as functional additive.Generally require and add in the electrolytic solution some work(
Can property additive realizing some specific functions of battery, functional additive is in the production and research of battery using increasingly
It is many.
In use safety is primary to battery all the time, and it is an important index to overcharge, typically except in electricity
Arranged by perimeter security in the assembling process of pond and improved outside safety, also from battery design and the electrolyte of battery with protection circuit plate
Etc. aspect being improved.Realize that overcharging for battery is protected for simplified battery manufacturing process and reduction using electrolysis additive
Cost has very important significance, and typically can consider from the following aspects：1st, redox shuttle, 2, flame-retardant electrolyte,
3rd, self closing additive agent electrolyte.
Adding anti-overcharge additive in electrolyte can effectively improve the security of battery, but additive is not more
It is better, as long as being not to overcharge qualified it is ensured that other projects are similarly outstanding.The addition of anti-overcharge additive excessively can
Other performances of battery, such as battery capacity are affected to reduce, circulation is deteriorated, and safety test bulging is exceeded etc..Therefore, general additive
Use to reduce as far as possible in the case where effect is reached, and in order to obtain good effect, the list that different additive has
One using effect is good, and what is had then needs compound use more preferably, and the species and addition of additive need to be carefully studied.Additionally, being
The impact that the addition of additive is caused to battery other performance is reduced, can be overcharged using improve in the form of various ways combination
The usage amount of additive is reduced while performance.
The content of the invention
The present invention devises a kind of electrolyte for silicium cathode lithium battery, by Reasonable to solve the above problems
Additive processed so that the electrolysis liquid energy containing such additives effectively improves the charge-discharge performance of silicium cathode lithium battery, is reduced
The generation of side reaction, so as to reduce battery flatulence, improves battery cycle life.
The present invention is to realize that the technical scheme that its purpose is adopted is：
A kind of electrolyte for silicium cathode lithium battery, including lithium salts, organic solvent and additive, the lithium salts is organic
Concentration in solvent is 1-1.5mol/L, and the consumption of additive is 0.5%-10%, and key point is that described organic solvent is carbon
Acid esters, described additive include occupying mass percent for 0.1-3% film for additive, the anti-overcharge additives of 0.5-5% and
0.4-5% positive poles protect additive, wherein film for additive to include accounting for the 2- methoxy ethoxy sulphurs of electrolyte quality 0.1-5%
Isocyanates.
Described carbonic ester includes cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate, the volume of cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate it
Than for 1:0.1-10.
Described cyclic carbonate is selected from one or more in ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, gamma-butyrolacton
Combination.
Described linear carbonate is selected from dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate
Plant or two or more combinations.
Described film for additive is selected from cyclopentene triketone, vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, 1,3- propane
One or more combination in sultones, 1,3- propene sultones, 1,4- butane sultones.
Described anti-overcharge additive is selected from biphenyl, cyclohexyl benzene, 2- fluorine biphenyl, 2,4- DfBPs, 2,3,4- trifluoros
One or more combination in biphenyl.
Described positive pole protection additive is selected from HMDS, hexaethyl disilazine, six propyl group disilazanes
In one or more combination.
Described lithium salts is selected from LiPF6、LiBF4、LiSO3F3、LiClO4、Li(CF3SO2)N2、Li(CF3SO2)3In one kind
Or two or more combinations.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：The present invention passes through reasonable preparation additive so that the electrolysis containing such additives
Liquid energy effectively improves the charge-discharge performance of silicium cathode lithium battery, reduces the generation of side reaction, so as to reduce battery flatulence, improves
Battery cycle life.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
First, specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, (both volume ratios are 40 to methyl ethyl carbonate:60)；Lithium salts is LiPF6, lithium salts
Concentration is 1M/L, and film for additive is ethylene carbonate and 2- methoxy ethoxy sulphur isocyanates, and accounting is respectively 1%, anti-mistake
It is 2,4- DfBPs to fill additive, and accounting is 1%, and positive pole protection additive is HMDS, and accounting is 0.2%.
Embodiment 2
Organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, (both volume ratios are 40 to methyl ethyl carbonate:60)；Lithium salts is LiPF6, lithium salts
Concentration is 1M/L, and film for additive is 1,3- propane sultones and 2- methoxy ethoxy sulphur isocyanates, and accounting is respectively
1%, anti-overcharge additive is 2,4- DfBPs, and accounting is 1%, and positive pole protects additive for HMDS, accounting
For 0.2%.
Embodiment 3
Organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, (both volume ratios are 40 to methyl ethyl carbonate:60)；Lithium salts is LiPF6, lithium salts
Concentration is 1M/L, and film for additive is fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) and 2- methoxy ethoxy sulphur isocyanates, and accounting is respectively
1%, anti-overcharge additive is 2,4- DfBPs, and accounting is 1%, and positive pole protects additive for HMDS, accounting
For 0.2%.
Embodiment 4
Organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, (both volume ratios are 40 to methyl ethyl carbonate:60)；Lithium salts is LiPF6, lithium salts
Concentration is 1M/L, and it is 4%, 2- methoxy ethoxy sulphur isocyanates that film for additive is fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) accounting,
Accounting is 1%, and anti-overcharge additive is 2,4- DfBPs, and accounting is 1%, and positive pole protection additive is the silicon nitrogen of hexamethyl two
Alkane, accounting is 0.2%.
Embodiment 5
Organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, (both volume ratios are 40 to methyl ethyl carbonate:60)；Lithium salts is LiPF6, lithium salts
Concentration is 1M/L, and it is 5%, 2- methoxy ethoxy sulphur isocyanates that film for additive is fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) accounting,
Accounting is 2%, and anti-overcharge additive is 2,4- DfBPs, and accounting is 1%, and positive pole protection additive is the silicon nitrogen of hexamethyl two
Alkane, accounting is 0.2%.
| Normal temperature capability retention | |
| Basic electrolyte | 82.5% |
| Embodiment 1 | 86.4% |
| Embodiment 2 | 80.1% |
| Embodiment 3 | 87.5% |
| Embodiment 4 | 88.2% |
| Embodiment 5 | 92.4% |
Comparative example
Electrolyte, it includes organic solvent, lithium salts and additive, and the solvent is cyclic carbonate or linear carbonate
In at least one, the additive include other film for additive in addition to 2- methoxy ethoxy sulphur isocyanates and/or
Anti-overcharge additive and/or positive pole protection additive, organic solvent is ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate (both volume ratios
For 40:60)；Lithium salts is LiPF6, and lithium salt is 1M/L, and film for additive is ethylene carbonate, and accounting is 2%, anti-overcharge to add
Plus agent is 2,4- DfBPs, accounting is 1%, and positive pole protection additive is HMDS, and accounting is 0.2%.
2nd, performance test
Cycle performance test will be carried out after the electrolyte of the electrolyte of the present invention and comparative example respectively assembled battery, method is such as
Under：With cobalt acid lithium as positive electrode, negative pole adopts carbonaceous mesophase spherules, both positive and negative polarity collector to be distributed as aluminium foil and Copper Foil, barrier film
Soft-package battery is constituted using ceramic diaphragm, after injection electrolyte, soft-package battery is assembled in glove box, stand 8 hours it is laggard
Row test.Discharge and recharge is carried out under 25 DEG C of constant temperature of room temperature with 1/10C 3.0V to 4.2V respectively to activate battery, subsequently exist
Circulation under the conditions of 45 DEG C is with 1C discharge and recharges.Loop test the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Battery discharge conservation rate under different multiplying：By battery with 0.5C constant-current discharges to 3.0V, shelve 5min, then with
0.5C constant-current charges are to 4.4V, and constant-voltage charge, by electric current be 0.05C, stand 5min, then respectively with 0.2C, 1C, 1.5C,
2C constant-current discharges are to by voltage 3.0V.Discharge capacity under the conditions of record 0.2C, 1C, 1.5C, 2C is D1, under record 0.2C
Discharge capacity is D0, and based on the discharge capacity under 0.2C, by the discharge capacitance of battery=[(D1-D0)/D0] ×
100% formula is calculated discharge capacitance (survey 15 batteries, take its mean value) of the battery under different multiplying, respectively
Individual battery is in 25 DEG C of conditions, and the discharge capacitance under different multiplying is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
Battery high-temperature storge quality is evaluated：60 DEG C/7D and 85 DEG C/7D storage performances are tested, and following table 3 is that battery handles mark
Again 60 DEG C of storages are deposited 7 days for 7 days and 85 DEG C after quasi- discharge and recharge, subsequently the capability retention and capacity restoration rate of measurement battery.
Table 3
Battery low-temperature storage performance evaluation；Table 4 below is that battery is shelved in cryogenic box, and temperature is controlled respectively for -30 DEG C
Or -40 DEG C, time 240min is shelved, subsequently the capability retention of measurement battery.
Table 4
Hot tank is tested：Battery carries out following tests：Battery is charged to by 4.4V with the constant current of 1.0C electric currents, then constant pressure is filled
Electricity to electric current is down to 0.05C, charges and stops；2) battery is placed in hot tank, starts to rise from 25 DEG C with the programming rate of 5 DEG C/min
Temperature remains temperature-resistant to 180 DEG C after reaching 180 DEG C, then starts timing, the state of battery is observed after 1h, by the test
Standard be：Battery without smoldering, without on fire, without blast, wherein per group of 5 batteries.The result of the hot tank test of each battery is such as
Shown in table 5.Tested by above-mentioned hot tank, characterize the security performance of battery.
Table 5
| Project | State after hot tank test |
| Embodiment 1 | 5 batteries pass through, and do not smolder, on fire, explosion phenomenon |
| Embodiment 2 | 5 batteries pass through, and do not smolder, on fire, explosion phenomenon |
| Embodiment 3 | 5 batteries pass through, and do not smolder, on fire, explosion phenomenon |
| Embodiment 4 | 5 batteries pass through, and do not smolder, on fire, explosion phenomenon |
| Embodiment 5 | 5 batteries pass through, and do not smolder, on fire, explosion phenomenon |
| Comparative example | 2 batteries pass through, and 2 batteries are smoldered, 1 battery catches fire |
Claims (8)
1. a kind of electrolyte for silicium cathode lithium battery, including lithium salts, organic solvent and additive, the lithium salts is organic molten
Concentration in agent is 1-1.5mol/L, and the consumption of additive is 0.5%-10%, it is characterised in that described organic solvent is carbon
Acid esters, described additive include occupying mass percent for 0.1-3% film for additive, the anti-overcharge additives of 0.5-5% and
0.4-5% positive poles protect additive, wherein film for additive to include accounting for the 2- methoxy ethoxy sulphurs of electrolyte quality 0.1-5%
Isocyanates.
2. a kind of electrolyte for silicium cathode lithium battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described carbonic ester
Including cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate, cyclic carbonate is 1 with the ratio of the volume of linear carbonate:0.1-10.
3. a kind of electrolyte for silicium cathode lithium battery according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Described ring-type carbon
One or more combination of the acid esters in ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, gamma-butyrolacton.
4. a kind of electrolyte for silicium cathode lithium battery according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Described chain carbon
One or more combination of the acid esters in dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate.
5. a kind of electrolyte for silicium cathode lithium battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described film forming adds
Plus agent also include vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, 1,3- propane sultones, 1,3- propene sultones, 1,
One or more combination in 4- butane sultones.
6. a kind of electrolyte for silicium cathode lithium battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described is anti-overcharge
Additive in biphenyl, cyclohexyl benzene, 2- fluorine biphenyl, 2,4- DfBPs, the 2,3,4- trifluoro-biphenyls one or two with
On combination.
7. a kind of electrolyte for silicium cathode lithium battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described positive pole is protected
Shield additive is selected from one or more in HMDS, hexaethyl disilazine, six propyl group disilazanes
Combination.
8. a kind of electrolyte for silicium cathode lithium battery according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described lithium salts choosing
From LiPF6、LiBF4、LiSO3F3、LiClO4、Li(CF3SO2)N2、Li(CF3SO2)3In one or more combination.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611224608.8A CN106602143A (en) | 2016-12-27 | 2016-12-27 | Electrolyte used for silicon negative electrode lithium battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611224608.8A CN106602143A (en) | 2016-12-27 | 2016-12-27 | Electrolyte used for silicon negative electrode lithium battery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106602143A true CN106602143A (en) | 2017-04-26 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611224608.8A Pending CN106602143A (en) | 2016-12-27 | 2016-12-27 | Electrolyte used for silicon negative electrode lithium battery |
Country Status (1)
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108470947A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-08-31 | 北京国能电池科技股份有限公司 | For lithium battery electrolytes anti-overcharge additive and include its lithium battery electrolytes |
| CN109873205A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-06-11 | 杉杉新材料（衢州）有限公司 | A kind of electrolyte suitable for silicon-carbon cathode and the lithium ion battery comprising the electrolyte |
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| US6586670B2 (en) * | 2000-08-15 | 2003-07-01 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Photoelectric conversion device and method for producing same |
| JP2004055509A (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2004-02-19 | Nisshinbo Ind Inc | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and power supply, portable equipment, and transportation or moving equipment, and home appliance using the secondary battery |
| US20140113202A1 (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2014-04-24 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Electrolyte compositions for lithium ion batteries |
| CN104409772A (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2015-03-11 | 张家港市国泰华荣化工新材料有限公司 | Lithium-ion battery electrolyte and lithium-ion battery |
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2016
- 2016-12-27 CN CN201611224608.8A patent/CN106602143A/en active Pending
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6586670B2 (en) * | 2000-08-15 | 2003-07-01 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Photoelectric conversion device and method for producing same |
| JP2004055509A (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2004-02-19 | Nisshinbo Ind Inc | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and power supply, portable equipment, and transportation or moving equipment, and home appliance using the secondary battery |
| US20140113202A1 (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2014-04-24 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Electrolyte compositions for lithium ion batteries |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108470947A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-08-31 | 北京国能电池科技股份有限公司 | For lithium battery electrolytes anti-overcharge additive and include its lithium battery electrolytes |
| CN109873205A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-06-11 | 杉杉新材料（衢州）有限公司 | A kind of electrolyte suitable for silicon-carbon cathode and the lithium ion battery comprising the electrolyte |
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