CN106599493B - Visualization implementation method of BIM (building information modeling) model in three-dimensional large scene - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a visualization implementation method of a BIM (building information modeling) model in a three-dimensional large scene, which relates to the field of building information model visualization and comprises the following steps: firstly, establishing a three-dimensional space grid according to the range of all component models contained in each BIM model; then, organizing the component models in each grid block, and combining to generate a fine model of a single grid block; utilizing the obtained fine model to recombine to generate a simplified model with consistent shape and appearance according to the texture use condition; and finally, loading and displaying the fine model or the simplified model on the BIM model in the three-dimensional large scene according to the selected display mode and the index number. On the basis of guaranteeing the application of the BIM model, the invention divides all components of each BIM model according to the three-dimensional space grid by utilizing the thought of the space grid, combines the components in the grid, reduces the number of indexed models and improves the loading efficiency of the BIM model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building information model visualization, in particular to a visualization implementation method of a BIM (building information modeling) model in a three-dimensional large scene.
Background
For a Building Information model (Building Information model), such as a Building BIM, a large number of component models are included. The component model comprises all entities forming a building, including civil windows, structural columns, floor slabs, stairs, doors and other facilities, electromechanical various drainage, water supply, power supply, fire fighting pipelines, facilities and the like. Typically, the number of building BIMs for a building may be comparable to the number of buildings in an entire urban area, and can typically reach hundreds of thousands, millions, or even tens of millions.
When a plurality of BIM models are displayed simultaneously in a three-dimensional virtual scene at a city level, if each BIM component is a minimum index unit, the problem of low spatial index efficiency caused by the mass of component model data can be caused, so that the problems of unsmooth loading, low operation efficiency and poor browsing experience are caused. Meanwhile, when the BIM-related application is developed, it is necessary to perform query, setting of selected state, analysis and management, etc. for each building component, and thus the building components need to be individual.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a visualization implementation method for a BIM model in a large three-dimensional scene, and aim to solve the problems of low index efficiency, easy jamming during loading, low operation efficiency and poor browsing experience of a three-dimensional model building in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a visual implementation method of a BIM model in a three-dimensional large scene, which comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a three-dimensional space partition grid according to the range of all component models contained in each BIM model, and determining the index number of a grid block where each component model is located;
s2, organizing all component models in each grid block, and combining to generate a fine model of a single grid block;
s3, utilizing the obtained fine model to recombine to generate a simplified model with consistent shape and appearance according to the texture use condition;
and S4, loading and displaying the fine model or the simplified model to the BIM model in the three-dimensional large scene according to the selected display mode and the index number.
The building components comprise a plurality of building parts, and the number of component models of a building BIM can be equivalent to the number of buildings in the whole urban area, and can reach hundreds of thousands, millions and even tens of millions. According to the technical scheme, the method for realizing the visualization of the BIM in the three-dimensional large scene is provided from the perspective of model optimization and organization, the loading and displaying efficiency of the three-dimensional BIM can be improved on the basis of guaranteeing the application of the BIM, and the effects of small model data index amount, high indexing efficiency, no jam in loading operation and good browsing experience are realized. Dividing all components of each BIM model according to a three-dimensional space grid by utilizing a space grid thought, combining the components in the grid, reducing the number of models of space index, and improving the loading efficiency of the BIM model; meanwhile, by utilizing a grid internal model organization mode, the analysis applications such as query, selected state setting, color change, hanging attribute and the like of each component can be supported, and finally, BIM simplified models with consistent appearances and simple model structures are further generated, so that simultaneous loading display and development of BIM related applications of a plurality of BIM models in a city-level three-dimensional large scene are realized.
Meanwhile, in the technical scheme, two models, namely a fine model and a simplified model, are generated, the BIM fine model and the simplified model are grid block models, the number of the models is related to the number of grid partitions, the spatial index speed is high, and the loading and displaying efficiency is higher than that of the models before grid block merging; meanwhile, the simplified model has a simpler structure and fewer nodes, so that the loading and drawing efficiency of the simplified model is higher than that of a fine model. In the technical scheme, the fine model or the simplified model is determined to be loaded according to actual needs, and the system loading speed is increased. In addition, the total quantity of the textures is limited, so that the fine model can be converted into the simplified model easily and conveniently, and the execution efficiency is high.
Further, the step S1 includes:
s11, setting a coordinate origin and a X, Y, Z axis direction, determining the grid size of each axis, and establishing a three-dimensional space division grid; the grid size comprises three directions of x, y and z, and is gridSizeX, gridSizeY and gridSizeZ respectively;
s12, solving a central point mCENTer (mCX, mCy, mCZ) of each component model, wherein the central point mCENTer satisfies:
wherein x isi，yi，ziIs the x, y and z components of the vertexes contained in the component model, n is the number of vertexes of the component model, n>0；
S13, solving the index number mIdx (xIndex, yIndex, zIndex) of each component model, wherein the index number mIdx satisfies the following conditions: (xidex, yidex, zIndex) ([ x/gridSizeX ], [ y/gridSizeY ], [ z/gridssizezz ]); wherein, "[ x ]" represents rounding;
s14, adding grid prefixes to the name of each component model, and storing grid information of the model; the final name BlockID of each mesh satisfies: and the Block ID is xIndex _ yIndex _ zIndex @ _ ID, wherein the ID is an ID character string of the original three-dimensional model of the member.
In the technical scheme, the grid size is set to divide the grid into three-dimensional spaces, so that the indexing speed is increased. By adding the grid prefix to the name of the constructed model, the indexing of the component model is facilitated, and the indexing speed is improved.
Further, the step S1 further includes: classifying all the component models contained in the BIM model according to categories, wherein the categories comprise floors or component types; and performing grid division on each category respectively.
In the technical scheme, all component models are classified according to categories, so that later-stage management and indexing are facilitated.
In a specific embodiment, the step S2 includes:
s21, setting an organization form of the fine model, wherein the organization form sequentially comprises a root node, a block space variation node and a leaf node from top to bottom; the root node is a root node of the BIM model; the block space transformation node is a group node of each grid block and is used for storing a space transformation matrix M0 of the grid block; the leaf space transformation node is used for storing a space transformation matrix M1 of each component model; the leaf node is used for storing information of rendering state, explicit and implicit state, color, vertex, normal, texture coordinate or texture.
S22, obtaining a grid Center matrix M0 by using a grid block Center (centerX, centerY, centerZ);
the Center point Center (centerX, centerY, centerZ) is calculated as follows:
the above-mentioned
S23, correcting vertex coordinates of leaf nodes, correcting centers of the leaf nodes to be (0, 0, 0) positions, and recording the offset and the difference value of M0 in an adjustment matrix M1, wherein the leaf node centers are center points mCenter (mCX, mCy, mCZ) of the component models;
the above-mentioned
And S24, traversing each component model of each grid to obtain the fine models of all grid blocks.
In the technical scheme, a root node, a block space change node and a leaf node are set, so that modification of the fine model in an analysis mode, including modification of movement, rotation, rendering, texture setting, color setting and the like, is facilitated. In the technical scheme, the purpose of setting the adjustment matrix M1 is to directly modify the adjustment matrix M1 or the grid center matrix M0 when performing spatial transformation on the component model; meanwhile, by correction, the problems of flicker, precision loss and the like caused by inaccuracy of surface screening or cutting due to the fact that the number of model vertexes is large in the scene loading process can be avoided.
Further, the step S3 includes:
s31, traversing the fine model in each grid block, acquiring the texture of the fine model, and converting the drawing unit of the fine model into a triangle drawing mode;
and S32, traversing all leaf nodes in the grid block, classifying according to the drawing unit of each leaf node and the texture used by the leaf node, and obtaining a simplified model with the number of the drawing units consistent with the number of the textures.
And S33, processing each grid block, outputting a simplified model of each grid block, and forming a two-level LOD model together with the fine model.
In the technical scheme, the simplified model of the grid block is that leaf nodes in the grid block are combined according to the texture used by a geometric drawing unit in the leaf nodes on the basis of the generation of the fine model of the grid block, the fine model of the grid block is reorganized after combination, the original leaf nodes are recombined, the organization complexity of the model is simplified, and the drawing unit is reduced. After reorganization, arbitrary geometry and texture usage information is not modified, and thus, the appearance of the BIM model is maintained.
Further, the step S4 includes:
s41, adopting the display mode selected by the user; if the display mode is the loading display mode, executing step S42; if the display mode is the analysis mode, executing step S43;
s42, the loading engine obtains the index numbers of all the BIM models in the display area according to the display area of the three-dimensional large scene, and extracts and displays the corresponding simplified models;
s43, starting LOD switching by a loading engine, switching the BIM model in the viewpoint into the fine model, searching a grid block where a component model in the viewpoint is located according to coordinates, traversing the grid block nodes in the viewpoint, acquiring leaf nodes of the corresponding component model, and acquiring the ID of the leaf nodes; the rendering state of the leaf node is modified to realize the selected state, color change, transparency, display and hidden operation of the component model; by modifying the adjustment matrix M1, the movement, rotation operation of the member is achieved.
Because the BIM fine model and the simplified model are both grid block models, the number of the models is related to the number of grid partitions, the spatial indexing speed is high, the loading and displaying efficiency is higher than that of the model before grid block merging, and the loading and drawing efficiency of the simplified model is higher than that of the fine model because the simplified model has a simpler structure and contains fewer nodes. According to the technical scheme, a fine model or a simplified model is selected to be displayed according to actual requirements, and the loading operation speed and the display efficiency are improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a visual realization method of a BIM (building information modeling) model in a three-dimensional large scene from the perspective of model optimization and organization. By utilizing the thought of a spatial grid, all components of each BIM model are divided according to the three-dimensional spatial grid, and the components in the grid are combined, so that the number of models of spatial index is reduced, and the loading efficiency of the BIM model is improved; meanwhile, by utilizing a grid internal model organization mode, the analysis applications such as query, selected state setting, color change, hanging attribute and the like of each component can be supported, and finally, BIM simplified models with consistent appearances and simple model structures are further generated, so that simultaneous loading display and development of BIM related applications of a plurality of BIM models in a city-level three-dimensional large scene are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an organizational form of a fine model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an organizational form of a simplified model of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, in a first embodiment of the present invention, a method for implementing visualization of a BIM model in a large three-dimensional scene is provided, which includes the following steps:
s1, establishing a three-dimensional space partition grid according to the range of all component models contained in each BIM model, and determining the index number of a grid block where each component model is located;
s2, organizing all component models in each grid block, and combining to generate a fine model of a single grid block;
s3, utilizing the obtained fine model to recombine to generate a simplified model with consistent shape and appearance according to the texture use condition;
and S4, loading and displaying the fine model or the simplified model to the BIM model in the three-dimensional large scene according to the selected display mode and the index number.
It is worth mentioning that for a BIM model, for example a building BIM, a large number of component models are included. The component refers to all entities for forming a building, including civil engineering type windows, structural columns, floor slabs, stairs, doors and other facilities, electromechanical type drainage, water supply, power supply, fire fighting pipelines, facilities and the like, and the three-dimensional model of the component is obtained by utilizing a three-dimensional modeling means. Because the number of the component models is large, the component models are difficult to retrieve one by one, and the embodiment divides the three-dimensional model grid to obtain the index number, and then indexes and displays the components to be displayed, so that the loading speed of the BIM model loading is effectively improved.
In this embodiment, the step S1 includes:
s11, setting a coordinate origin and a X, Y, Z axis direction, determining the grid size of each axis, and establishing a three-dimensional space division grid; the grid size comprises three directions of x, y and z, and is gridSizeX, gridSizeY and gridSizeZ respectively;
s12, solving a central point mCENTer (mCX, mCy, mCZ) of each component model, wherein the central point mCENTer satisfies:
wherein x isi，yi，ziIs the x, y and z components of the vertexes contained in the component model, n is the number of vertexes of the component model, n>0；
S13, solving the index number mIdx (xIndex, yIndex, zIndex) of each component model, wherein the index number mIdx satisfies the following conditions: (xidex, yidex, zIndex) ([ x/gridSizeX ], [ y/gridSizeY ], [ z/gridssizezz ]); wherein "[ x ]" means rounding.
S14, adding grid prefixes to the name of each component model, and storing grid information of the model; the final name BlockID of each mesh satisfies: and the Block ID is xIndex _ yIndex _ zIndex @ _ ID, wherein the ID is an ID character string of the original three-dimensional model of the member.
It is worth mentioning that since the number of component models is large, it is necessary to classify them into categories. The categories can be classified according to floors or component types, or not, and the classification aims are convenient for later-period management.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the step S1 further includes: classifying all the component models contained in the BIM model according to categories, wherein the categories comprise floors or component types; and performing grid division on each category respectively.
In step 2 of this embodiment, the mesh block model is generated by organizing the models in each mesh block. The generated grid block model has the characteristics of 'whole' and 'part', wherein the 'whole' characteristic means that when the model is loaded or rendered, one grid block is used as a single model to be subjected to the same type of model processing with other common three-dimensional building models (only skins) in a three-dimensional scene and is used as a leaf node in a spatial index tree, so that the number of models in the three-dimensional scene is rapidly reduced, and the spatial index speed is increased. The 'partial' characteristic means that when the BIM model is applied, each grid block is visited first and then goes deep into the grid block to inquire and operate a single component in an internal organization mode of the grid block.
In this embodiment, the step S2 includes:
s21, setting an organization form of the fine model, wherein the organization form sequentially comprises a root node, a block space variation node and a leaf node from top to bottom as shown in FIG. 2; the root node is a root node of the BIM model (such as a building); the block space transformation node is a group node of each grid block and is used for storing a space transformation matrix M0 of the grid block; the leaf space transformation node is used for storing a space transformation matrix M1 of each component model; the leaf node is used for storing information of rendering state, explicit and implicit state, color, vertex, normal, texture coordinate or texture.
S22, obtaining a grid Center matrix M0 by using a grid block Center (centerX, centerY, centerZ);
the formula for calculating the Center point Center (centerX, centerY, centerZ) coordinate is as follows:
the above-mentioned
S23, correcting vertex coordinates of leaf nodes, correcting centers of the leaf nodes to be (0, 0, 0) positions, and recording the offset and the difference value of M0 in an adjustment matrix M1, wherein the leaf node centers are center points mCenter (mCX, mCy, mCZ) of the component models;
the above-mentioned
It should be noted that the purpose of leaf node center correction is to directly modify the adjustment matrix M1 or the grid center matrix M0 when performing spatial transformation on the component model; meanwhile, by correction, the problems of flicker, precision loss and the like caused by inaccuracy of surface screening or cutting due to the fact that the number of model vertexes is large in the scene loading process can be avoided.
And S24, traversing each component model of each grid to obtain the fine models of all grid blocks. It is worth mentioning that the fine model can be saved as a file, and can be directly called by the user or other systems, so that the use efficiency of the fine model is improved.
It is worth mentioning that, in the BIM model, the geometric drawing unit is the minimum unit of the three-dimensional renderer drawing model, and includes model drawing forms such as points, line segments, triangles, quadrilaterals, and polytropic forms. One rendering unit uses the same texture.
In this embodiment, the simplified mesh block model is to merge the leaf nodes in the mesh block according to the textures used by the geometric rendering units in the leaf nodes based on the generation of the fine mesh block model, and the fine mesh block model is reorganized after the merging, and the original leaf nodes are recombined, as shown in fig. 3. According to statistics, because the texture data used by the whole BIM is only dozens of types, and one grid block only contains a plurality of types of textures, the combination mode simplifies the organization complexity of the model and reduces the drawing units. After reorganization, arbitrary geometry and texture usage information is not modified, and thus, the appearance of the BIM model is maintained.
In this embodiment, the step S3 includes:
s31, traversing the fine model in each grid block, acquiring the texture of the fine model, and converting the drawing unit of the fine model into a triangle drawing mode; it is worth mentioning that the model compatibility can be effectively improved by converting the model into a triangle drawing mode, the model is simplified, and the program loading speed is increased.
And S32, traversing all leaf nodes in the grid block, classifying according to the drawing unit of each leaf node and the texture used by the leaf node, and obtaining a simplified model with the number of the drawing units consistent with the number of the textures.
And S33, processing each grid block, outputting a simplified model of each grid block, and forming a two-level LOD model together with the fine model.
By adopting a two-stage LOED model strategy, a simplified model or a fine model can be displayed according to actual requirements, and the loading speed is increased.
It is worth mentioning that, because the fine BIM model and the simplified model are both grid block models, the number of the models is related to the number of the grid partitions, the spatial index speed is high, the loading and displaying efficiency is higher than that of the models before the grid partitions and the grids are not combined, and the loading and drawing efficiency is higher than that of the fine model because the simplified model structure is simpler and contains fewer nodes. The loading display and management of the BIM model are divided into two modes, namely a loading display mode and an analysis mode. Loading a display model for browsing the model by using a simplified model; the analysis mode is used for inquiring, analyzing and managing the model, and the fine model is used.
In this embodiment, the step S4 includes:
s41, adopting the display mode selected by the user; if the display mode is the loading display mode, executing step S42; if the display mode is the analysis mode, executing step S43;
s42, the loading engine obtains the index numbers of all the BIM models in the display area according to the display area of the three-dimensional large scene, and extracts and displays the corresponding simplified models; it is worth mentioning that in the loading display mode, the loading engine processes the model and other common three-dimensional models (such as building surface three-dimensional models, including only skins) in the same way, only the simplified model is loaded, and the appearance of the simplified model is completely consistent with that of the fine model, so that the requirement of BIM model browsing is met.
S43, starting LOD switching by a loading engine, switching the BIM model in the viewpoint into the fine model, searching a grid block where a component model in the viewpoint is located according to coordinates, traversing the grid block nodes in the viewpoint, acquiring leaf nodes of the corresponding component model, and acquiring the ID of the leaf nodes; the rendering state of the leaf node is modified to realize the selected state, color change, transparency, display and hidden operation of the component model; by modifying the adjustment matrix M1, the movement, rotation operation of the member is achieved.
Through the method, the loading display and the analysis application of the BIM model in the three-dimensional large scene are realized.
In conclusion, the invention provides a visual realization method of the BIM model in the three-dimensional large scene from the aspects of model optimization and organization. By utilizing the thought of a spatial grid, all components of each BIM model are divided according to the three-dimensional spatial grid, and the components in the grid are combined, so that the number of models of spatial index is reduced, and the loading efficiency of the BIM model is improved; meanwhile, by utilizing a grid internal model organization mode, the analysis applications such as query, selected state setting, color change, hanging attribute and the like of each component can be supported, and finally, BIM simplified models with consistent appearances and simple model structures are further generated, so that simultaneous loading display and development of BIM related applications of a plurality of BIM models in a city-level three-dimensional large scene are realized.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A visualization implementation method of a BIM model in a three-dimensional large scene is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, establishing a three-dimensional space partition grid according to the range of all component models contained in each BIM model, and determining the index number of a grid block where each component model is located;
s2, organizing all component models in each grid block, and combining to generate a fine model of a single grid block;
s3, utilizing the obtained fine model to recombine to generate a simplified model with consistent shape and appearance according to the texture use condition;
s4, loading and displaying the fine model or the simplified model of the BIM model in the three-dimensional large scene according to the selected display mode and the index number;
the step S2 includes:
s21, setting an organization form of the fine model, wherein the organization form sequentially comprises a root node, a block space variation node and a leaf node from top to bottom; the root node is a root node of the BIM model; the block space transformation node is a group node of each grid block and is used for storing a space transformation matrix M0 of the grid block; leaf space transformation nodes for storing a space transformation matrix M1 for each of the component models; the leaf node is used for storing information of rendering state, explicit and implicit state, color, vertex, normal, texture coordinate or texture using of each component model;
s22, obtaining a grid Center matrix M0 by using a grid block Center (centerX, centerY, centerZ);
the Center point Center (centerX, centerY, centerZ) is calculated as follows:
the above-mentioned
S23, correcting vertex coordinates of leaf nodes, correcting centers of the leaf nodes to be (0, 0, 0) positions, and recording the offset and the difference value of M0 in an adjustment matrix M1, wherein the centers of the leaf nodes are center points mCENTER (mCENTERX, mCENTERY, mCENTERZ) of the component models;
the above-mentioned
And S24, traversing each component model of each grid to obtain the fine models of all grid blocks.
2. The method for implementing visualization of the BIM model in the three-dimensional large scene as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step S1 includes:
s11, setting a coordinate origin and a X, Y, Z axis direction, determining the grid size of each axis, and establishing a three-dimensional space division grid; the grid size comprises three directions of x, y and z, and is gridSizeX, gridSizeY and gridSizeZ respectively;
s12, solving a central point mCENTer (mCX, mCy, mCZ) of each component model, wherein the central point mCENTer satisfies:
wherein x isi，yi，ziIs the x, y and z components of the vertexes contained in the component model, n is the number of vertexes of the component model, n>0；
S13, solving the index number mIdx (xIndex, yIndex, zIndex) of each component model, wherein the index number mIdx satisfies the following conditions: (xidex, yidex, zIndex) ([ x/gridSizeX ], [ y/gridSizeY ], [ z/gridssizezz ]); wherein, "[ x ]" represents rounding;
s14, adding grid prefixes to the name of each component model, and storing grid information of the model; the final name BlockID of each mesh satisfies: and the Block ID is xIndex _ yIndex _ zIndex @ _ ID, wherein the ID is an ID character string of the original three-dimensional model of the member.
3. The method for implementing visualization of BIM model in three-dimensional large scene as claimed in claim 2, wherein said step S1 further includes: classifying all the component models contained in the BIM model according to categories, wherein the categories comprise floors or component types; and performing grid division on each category respectively.
4. The method for implementing visualization of the BIM model in the three-dimensional large scene as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step S3 includes:
s31, traversing the fine model in each grid block, acquiring the texture of the fine model, and converting the drawing unit of the fine model into a triangle drawing mode;
s32, traversing all leaf nodes in the grid block, classifying according to the drawing unit of each leaf node and the texture used by the leaf node to obtain a simplified model with the number of the drawing units consistent with the number of the textures;
and S33, processing each grid block, outputting a simplified model of each grid block, and forming a two-level LOD model together with the fine model.
5. The method for implementing visualization of the BIM model in the three-dimensional large scene as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step S4 includes:
s41, adopting the display mode selected by the user; if the display mode is the loading display mode, executing step S42; if the display mode is the analysis mode, executing step S43;
s42, the loading engine obtains the index numbers of all the BIM models in the display area according to the display area of the three-dimensional large scene, and extracts and displays the corresponding simplified models;
s43, starting LOD switching by a loading engine, switching the BIM model in the viewpoint into the fine model, searching a grid block where the component model in the viewpoint is located according to coordinates, traversing the grid block in the viewpoint, acquiring a leaf node of the corresponding component model, and acquiring the ID of the leaf node; the rendering state of the leaf node is modified to realize the selected state, color change, transparency, display and hidden operation of the component model; by modifying the adjustment matrix M1, the movement, rotation operation of the member is achieved.
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| CN115391903A (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2022-11-25 | 中建八局第三建设有限公司 | BIM + AR reinforcement bar graph set visualization method and system |
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