CN106599467A - Building construction design method in severe cold areas based on multi-objective optimization algorithm - Google Patents
Building construction design method in severe cold areas based on multi-objective optimization algorithm Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to a building construction design method in severe cold areas based on a multi-objective optimization algorithm. A multi-objective optimization system model is constructed by establishing an external wall, evolutionary computation is carried out on decision parameters under the guidance of performance indexes by using parameter association of the decision parameters and constraint conditions, and an optimal decision is sieved automatically. According to the method, integral energy conservation and environmental protection of buildings can be realized, and the building construction is optimized to a great extent, so that the overall quality of the building is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Architectural Construction technical field, more particularly to a kind of severe cold area based on multi-objective optimization algorithm is built
Build building method.
Background technology
Northeast as typical severe cold area, as the cradle of development of industry in China, under technical conditions at this stage, industry
Still based on industry, Technical comparing falls behind structure, and energy efficiency is not high, annual to need the mineral products such as a large amount of consumption coals, oil
Resource, while produce huge carbon emission amount, this for the emission reduction tasks that China promises to undertake to complete be very unfavorable.As carbon
The more area of discharge, the emission reduction of China northeast severe cold area are larger.And a large amount of construction of severe cold area building and use,
Also huge energy resource consumption and carbon emission amount are accompanied by, therefore for the research and calculating of building carbon emission, building energy conservation are had
Material impact.
In the annual air-conditioning heating energy consumption of severe cold area public building, about 50% is drawn by peripheral structure heat transfer
Rise.According to relevant stroke analysis, each position radiating heat loss ratio of building enclosure is：Wall body structure heat transfer loss accounts for 60%～
70%；Door and window heat transfer loss accounts for 20%～30%；Roofing heat transfer loss accounts for 10%.Therefore the energy-saving design of exterior wall, for
Reduce building energy consumption most important.
The make of external wall structure determines the heat transfer property of exterior wall, is the key factor for affecting indoor thermal environment, and
Directly affect building and heating and air conditioning energy consumption.Therefore, the thermal and insulating performance of external wall is the key of building energy consumption control.Wall
Major part of the body as building envelope, play load-bearing, insulation, it is moistureproof, heat-insulated the effects such as.Exterior enclosure wall energy-saving
It is one important step of building energy conservation, development and utilization external wall energy-saving technology, optimization wall structure are the masters for realizing building energy conservation
Want approach.Severe cold area takes into full account Winter protection requirement, and summer solar heat protection is taken into account in some areas, thus should select heat transfer coefficient compared with
Little external wall structure.
Although External Walls Heating Insulation has been widely applied to architecture in cold area exterior wall, prior art cannot be directed to external wall structure
The selection of type and the control of external wall structure different levels thickness, carry out the thorough search of space disaggregation, reach energy-conservation most
Optimization.With reference to multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm, can be different to external wall construction with building energy consumption and carbon emission amount as optimization aim
Level thickness is optimized calculating, and obtains the minimum optimal solution set of energy consumption and carbon emission amount.Therefore calculated based on multi-target evolution
The severe cold area external wall constitution optimization of method is designed for China's severe cold area building energy conservation effect important.
The content of the invention
To solve technical problem present in above-mentioned prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of based on multi-objective optimization algorithm
Severe cold area building structure method
The step of a kind of severe cold area building structure method based on multi-objective optimization algorithm, building method is：
The first step：For the structural type of severe cold area external wall, setting up constructing variable corresponding with structural type can
The exterior wall mathematical model of control；
Second step：Building thermal performance analysis BUILDINGS MODELS is set up according to the structural type of severe cold area external wall, it is described
The building integrated project information of thermal performance analysis BUILDINGS MODELS include the hot attribute of building type, item location, space enclosing structure material,
Constructing operation timetable, heating ventilation air-conditioning system type and ventilation rate；
3rd step：With reference to climatic data, so that the annual energy consumption and carbon of thermal performance analysis BUILDINGS MODELS are built described in second step
Discharge capacity is building enclosure optimization aim, sets up multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm module；
4th step：Severe cold ground external wall construction is optimized using multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm module described in the 3rd step and is set
Meter, builds external wall structure multiple-objection optimization module by Optimum Design Results.
Preferably, structural type described in the first step includes that exterior wall internal insulation, exterior wall be sandwich thermal insulated and external wall outer insulation three
Type.
Further, controllable to constructing variable described in first step exterior wall mathematical model carries out decision-making parameter and constraints
Parametric modeling, concretely comprises the following steps：
A1：Determine the constraints scope of the controllable exterior wall mathematical model of constructing variable described in the first step；The constraint bar
Part scope is：In heat-insulation layer, EPS sheet thickness is not less than 90mm, and XPS plate thickness is not less than 40mm, polyurethane foam plastics thickness
Not less than 40mm.In structure sheaf, concrete hollow block, ceramsite concrete blocks, reinforced concrete shear wall thickness is not little
In 200mm；Using the construction thickness of external wall as decision-making parameter；
A2：Visualization data module is set up using parameterized modeling technology to associate with the driving of constructing variable；And in A1
Concrete constraints value is determined in the range of the constraints；
A3：Set up decision-making parameter and the optimization parameter of decision-making parameter and contacting for concrete constraints value described in A2, institute
State contact and be decision-making parameter mathematical model.
Further, performance optimization aim is carried out to the mathematical model of decision-making parameter described in A3 integrated with decision-making parameter
Build, concretely comprise the following steps：
B1：Using energy consumption analysis platform, climatic data is imported in the decision-making parameter mathematical model, calculate decision-making parameter
The annual energy consumption of mathematical model；
B2：Using carbon emission amount analysis platform, the carbon footprint of the decision-making parameter mathematical model life cycle management is drawn；
B3：The carbon emission amount of decision-making parameter mathematical model is calculated using carbon footprint described in B2, by the decision-making parameter number
The annual energy consumption and carbon emission amount of model are learned as external wall performance optimization aim.
Further, external wall construction in severe cold area is carried out using multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm module described in the 4th step excellent
Change concretely comprising the following steps for design：
C1：The annual energy consumption of decision-making parameter mathematical model and carbon emission amount are imported into multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm described in the 3rd step
In module, auto-adaptive function model is set up；
C2：Using auto-adaptive function model described in C1, with the annual energy consumption and carbon emission amount of decision-making parameter mathematical model
Evolutionary computation is carried out to the decision-making parameter as external wall performance optimization aim, evolutionary computation result is obtained；
C3：Evolutionary computation result described in C2 is imported in decision-making parameter mathematical model, calculating is iterated, iteration is obtained
As a result；
C4：Annual energy consumption and carbon row are filtered out by genetic Optimization Algorithm module Optimo according to iteration result described in C3
The optimal case of high-volume minimum severe cold area external wall construction, completes optimization design.
Preferably, the controllable exterior wall mathematical model of constructing variable described in the first step is with annual energy consumption and carbon emission amount as optimization
Target is set up, in three kinds of described structural types, with structure sheaf (xSTR), heat-insulation layer (xINS) and surface layer (xSF) no
Generic mutual collocation and each thickness degree set up the controllable exterior wall mathematical model of constructing variable, the construction ginseng for decision-making parameter
The controllable exterior wall mathematical modeies of number to set up process as follows：
Min Z1(X)=EC (X)
Min Z2(X)=C (X)
Meet which
xSTR1 ... and I }, (I=3)
xINS1 ... and J }, (J=3)
xSF1 ... and K }, (K=5)
xSTRt{200,...+∞}
xINSt(XPS, polyurethane foam plastics) and 40 ...+∞ }
xINSt(EPS){90,...+∞}
xSURt{10,...+∞}
X={ xSTR, xINS, xSF}
Wherein, X represents decision-making parameter set；EC represents annual energy consumption；C represents carbon emission amount；xSTRRepresent structure sheaf material
Classification；xINSRepresent heat-insulation layer material classification；xSURRepresent surface layer material classification；I represents structure sheaf material classification higher limit；J tables
Show heat-insulation layer material classification higher limit；K represents surface layer material classification higher limit；xSTRtRepresent Laminate construction thickness codomain；xINStRepresent
Insulation layer thickness codomain；xSURtRepresent surface thickness codomain.
Preferably, described in second step, the process of setting up of building thermal performance analysis BUILDINGS MODELS is：
E1：With the controllable exterior wall mathematical model of constructing variable described in the first step, define item location, building type, make
With number, the hot attribute of space enclosing structure material, heating ventilation air-conditioning system type, constructing operation timetable and ventilation rate；By weather number
According in the importing item location；
E2：Annual simulation of energy consumption calculating is carried out with the controllable exterior wall mathematical model of the constructing variable, annual energy is obtained
The consumption analogue value；
E3:Carbon emission amount respectively to the architecture construction stage, the carbon emission amount of building operational phase and building demolition stage
Carbon emission amount be simulated calculate, obtain the carbon emission amount analogue value；
E4：Annual simulation of energy consumption value is combined with the carbon emission amount analogue value, building thermal performance analysis BUILDINGS MODELS is formed.
Preferably, annual simulation of energy consumption calculating is carried out with the controllable exterior wall mathematical model of the constructing variable described in E2
Detailed process be：
E2.1：Building unit heat quantity consuming is entered according to occupied condition building unit heat quantity consuming model
Row is calculated, and the occupied condition building unit heat quantity consuming model is as follows：
E2.2：Building unit heat quantity consuming is entered according to unoccupied condition building unit heat quantity consuming model
Row is calculated, and the unoccupied condition building unit heat quantity consuming model is as follows：
Q in formulahm--- building unit heat quantity consuming, W/ ㎡；Qhm--- in building heating power in the detection persistent period
The gross heat input MJ that porch measures；qIH--- the inner heat gain of unit construction area, W/ ㎡；ti--- single whole room
Average indoor counting temperature, DEG C；te--- calculating outdoor mean air temperature during heating period, DEG C；tia--- the detection persistent period is built-in
Thing average indoor temperature is built, DEG C；tea--- outdoor mean temperature in the detection persistent period, DEG C；A0--- the total heating of building is built
Build area ， ㎡；Hr--- detection persistent period, h；278 --- Units conversion factor.
Preferably, described in E3 respectively to the architecture construction stage carbon emission amount, the carbon emission amount of building operational phase and build
Build teardown phase carbon emission amount be simulated calculate process be：
E3.1：The carbon emission amount model of construction phase is set up, according to the carbon emission amount model in architecture construction stage to this rank
The carbon emission amount of section is calculated, and the carbon emission amount model of the construction phase is：
Econ=Econ,1+Econ,2+Econ,3
In formula：Econ,1For the CO that construction material is transported from factory to construction site2eqAmount, unit is kgCO2eq；Econ,2For
The CO constructed during architecture construction2eqAmount, unit is kgCO2eq；Econ,3Change the CO for producing for building site property2eqMeasure, unit is
kgCO2eq；
In formula：Wi,jThe quality that i-th kind of material is transported by jth kind mode, unit is kg；FTjTransport unit mass, list
The goods of position distance, the emission factor that jth kind mode is transported, unit is kgCO2eq/(km·kg)；LjI-th kind of material passes through jth
The distance that the mode of kind is transported, unit is km.
Econ,2=A × (FLb-FLa)
In formula：A is building area land area, and unit is m2。FLb, FLaIt is before respectively building and after construction, different
The carbon emission factor in property soil, unit is：kgCO2eq/m2。
Econ,3=Y × S
In formula：Y is the construction carbon intensity of unit area building, and unit is kgCO2eq/m2；S is construction area, unit
For m2；
E3.2：The carbon emission amount model of building operational phase is set up, according to the carbon emission amount model pair of building operational phase
The carbon emission amount in this stage is calculated, and the carbon emission amount model of the building operational phase is：
Eopr=Eopr,1+Eopr,2
In formula：Eopr,1For the CO that the operation energy consumption of the equipment such as HVAC, air-conditioning, daylighting is produced2eqDischarge capacity, unit are kg；
Eopr,2To build the CO that operational phase cold-producing medium is escaped2eqDischarge capacity, unit are kg；
In formula：Eopr,1To build carbon emission CO of the hvac equipment for using, lighting equipment consuming energy2eqAmount, unit
For kg；AiFor type for i building area, unit is m2.Building type can be house, middle-size and small-size Gongjian, large-scale public construction,
Government offices；T is the design service life of building, and unit is year；Average annual energy usage amounts of the M for unit area building, unit
For：KWh/m2Year；EFiFor the equivalent CO2 emission factor of i class building energies, unit is：CO2eq/(KWh)
Eopr,2=(Ml+Ma)×n×GWP
In formula：Amount of leakage of the Ml for refrigeration plant operational phase cold-producing medium, unit are kg/ platforms；MaIt is discarded for refrigeration plant
Afterwards, the discarding amount of cold-producing medium, unit are kg/ platforms；N is refrigeration plant quantity, and unit is：Platform；
E3.3：The carbon emission amount model in building demolition stage is set up, according to the carbon emission amount model pair in building demolition stage
The carbon emission amount in this stage is calculated, and the carbon emission amount model in the building demolition stage is：
Edis=Edis,1+Edis,2+Edis,3
EdisFor the total carbon emission in building demolition stage, unit is kgCO2eq；Edis,1For the carbon emission of building demolition construction
Amount, unit is kgCO2eq；Edis,2For the carbon emission amount of building waste transport, unit is kgCO2eq；Edis,3For building waste process
Carbon emission amount, unit is kgCO2eq。
Edis,1=Econ,3× 10%
E in formulacon,3For the carbon emission amount of architecture construction stage construction, unit is kgCO2eq；
In formula：WijQuality of i-th kind of building waste by the transport of jth kind means of transportation, unit is kg；FTjTransport unit
The goods of quality, unit distance, the emission factor of jth kind means of transportation, unit is kgCO2eq/(km·kg)；LjI-th kind of material
The distance transported by jth kind mode, unit is km.
Amounts of the Mj for jth class building waste, unit is kg；PMf、PMl、PMrRespectively jth class building waste is filled, is burnt
The percentage ratio for burning, reclaiming；EFf、EFl、EFrRespectively the burning of jth class building waste, landfill, the carbon emission factor for reclaiming, single
Position is kgCO2eq/kg。
Preferably, described in the 4th step, the detailed process of structure external wall structure multiple-objection optimization module foundation is：
F1：The annual simulation of energy consumption value is imported with the carbon emission amount analogue value and is solved in multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm module
Analysis；
F2：The analysis result of F1 is fed back to by decision-making parameter by the genetic algorithm in module and is iterated calculating, obtained
While the disaggregation with annual energy consumption and carbon emission amount as target；
F3：Automatic screening Pareto (Pareto) optimal solution is concentrated in the solution, i.e., annual energy consumption and carbon emission amount most simultaneously
Little solution；
F4：Automatically the corresponding decision-making parameter of above-mentioned Pareto solution i.e. external wall structure parameter is searched for, multiple-objection optimization mould is completed
The foundation of block.
Beneficial effect of the present invention：Traditional design has many restrictions, such as external wall in complexity problem is processed
Structural type and construction thickness, the impact to building energy consumption and carbon emission, many factors building section with complicated relationship affect
Can effect.The present invention uses multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm, and building energy consumption and carbon row's simulation result of calculation are changed into external wall knot
The logic control of structure design process, in the case where energy consumption and carbon emission amount reach minimum simultaneously, draws outside optimized building
Wall construction.The energy saving building design of external wall structure is the most effective means of energy saving.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 associates schematic diagram with constructing variable for external wall outer insulation structural type of the present invention.
Fig. 2 associates schematic diagram with constructing variable for the sandwich thermal insulated structural type of exterior wall of the present invention.
Fig. 3 associates schematic diagram with constructing variable for exterior wall internal insulation structural type of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but the present invention should not be limited by the examples.
Embodiment 1：
The present invention proposes a kind of severe cold area building structure method based on multi-objective optimization algorithm, the building method
The step of be：
The step of a kind of severe cold area building structure method based on multi-objective optimization algorithm, building method is：
The first step：For the structural type of severe cold area external wall, setting up constructing variable corresponding with structural type can
The exterior wall mathematical model of control；
Second step：Building thermal performance analysis BUILDINGS MODELS is set up according to the structural type of severe cold area external wall, it is described
The building integrated project information of thermal performance analysis BUILDINGS MODELS include the hot attribute of building type, item location, space enclosing structure material,
Constructing operation timetable, heating ventilation air-conditioning system type and ventilation rate；
3rd step：With reference to climatic data, so that the annual energy consumption and carbon of thermal performance analysis BUILDINGS MODELS are built described in second step
Discharge capacity is building enclosure optimization aim, sets up multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm module；The climatic data can be by local meteorology portion
Door is obtained.
4th step：Severe cold ground external wall construction is optimized using multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm module described in the 3rd step and is set
Meter, builds external wall structure multiple-objection optimization module by Optimum Design Results.
Wherein, structural type described in the first step includes that exterior wall internal insulation, exterior wall be sandwich thermal insulated and three kinds of external wall outer insulation
Type.
Further, controllable to constructing variable described in first step exterior wall mathematical model carries out decision-making parameter and constraints
Parametric modeling, concretely comprises the following steps：
A1：Determine the constraints scope of the controllable exterior wall mathematical model of constructing variable described in the first step；The constraint bar
Part scope is：In heat-insulation layer, EPS sheet thickness is not less than 90mm, and XPS plate thickness is not less than 40mm, polyurethane foam plastics thickness
Not less than 40mm.In structure sheaf, concrete hollow block, ceramsite concrete blocks, reinforced concrete shear wall thickness is not little
In 200mm；Meanwhile, using the construction thickness of external wall as decision-making parameter；
A2：Using parameterized modeling technology, according to different structural types, visualization data module and constructing variable are set up
Driving association, it is described driving incidence relation as Figure 1-3；And concrete constraint in the range of constraints, is determined described in A1
Condition value；Wherein, visualizing data module has embodiment in existing building analysis software, or can be soft by existing emulation
Part, carries out analogue simulation according to Building technology knowledge；
A3：Set up the optimization parameter and concrete constraints value described in A2 of the construction thickness of decision-making parameter and external wall
Contact, the constraints value in the driving association process of A2 be designated, it is described contact be decision-making parameter mathematical model.
Further, performance optimization aim is carried out to the mathematical model of decision-making parameter described in A3 integrated with decision-making parameter
Build, concretely comprise the following steps：
B1：Using energy consumption analysis platform, climatic data is imported in the decision-making parameter mathematical model, calculate decision-making parameter
The annual energy consumption of mathematical model；
B2：Using carbon emission amount analysis platform, the carbon footprint of the decision-making parameter mathematical model life cycle management is drawn；
B3：The carbon emission amount of decision-making parameter mathematical model is calculated using carbon footprint described in B2, by the decision-making parameter number
The annual energy consumption and carbon emission amount of model are learned as external wall performance optimization aim.
Wherein, energy consumption analysis platform and carbon emission amount analysis platform are software platform, such as Green Building
Studio, SimaPro, with the function that energy consumption analysis and carbon emission amount are analyzed；
Further, severe cold ground external wall construction is optimized using multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm module described in the 4th step
That what is designed concretely comprises the following steps：
C1：The annual energy consumption of decision-making parameter mathematical model and carbon emission amount are imported into multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm described in the 3rd step
In module, auto-adaptive function model is set up；
C2：Using auto-adaptive function model described in C1, with the annual energy consumption and carbon emission amount of decision-making parameter mathematical model
Evolutionary computation is carried out to the decision-making parameter as external wall performance optimization aim, evolutionary computation result is obtained；
C3：Evolutionary computation result described in C2 is imported in decision-making parameter mathematical model, calculating is iterated, iteration is obtained
As a result；
C4：Annual energy consumption and carbon row are filtered out by genetic Optimization Algorithm module Optimo according to iteration result described in C3
The optimal case of high-volume minimum severe cold area external wall construction, completes optimization design.
Wherein, the controllable exterior wall mathematical model of constructing variable described in the first step is with annual energy consumption and carbon emission amount to optimize mesh
Mark foundation is set up, in three kinds of described structural types, with structure sheaf (xSTR), heat-insulation layer (xINS) and surface layer (xSF) no
Generic mutual collocation and each thickness degree set up the controllable exterior wall mathematical model of constructing variable, the construction ginseng for decision-making parameter
The controllable exterior wall mathematical modeies of number to set up process as follows：
Min Z1(X)=EC (X)
Min Z2(X)=C (X)
Meet which
xSTR1 ... and I }, (I=3)
xINS1 ... and J }, (J=3)
xSF1 ... and K }, (K=5)
xSTRt{200,...+∞}
xINSt (XPS, polyurethane foam plastics){40,...+∞}
xINSt(EPS){90,...+∞}
xSURt{10,...+∞}
X={ xSTR, xINS, xSF}
Wherein, X represents decision-making parameter set；EC represents annual energy consumption；C represents carbon emission amount；xSTRRepresent structure sheaf material
Classification；xINSRepresent heat-insulation layer material classification；xSURRepresent surface layer material classification；I represents structure sheaf material classification higher limit；J tables
Show heat-insulation layer material classification higher limit；K represents surface layer material classification higher limit；xSTRtRepresent Laminate construction thickness codomain；xINStRepresent
Insulation layer thickness codomain；xSURtRepresent surface thickness codomain.
Wherein, described in second step, the process of setting up of building thermal performance analysis BUILDINGS MODELS is：
E1：With the controllable exterior wall mathematical model of constructing variable described in the first step, define item location, building type, make
With number, the hot attribute of space enclosing structure material, heating ventilation air-conditioning system type, constructing operation timetable and ventilation rate；By weather number
According in the importing item location；Wherein, the hot attribute of the item location, building type, number of users, space enclosing structure material,
Heating ventilation air-conditioning system type, constructing operation timetable and ventilation rate can carry out specific design according to Architectural Design Requirements and refer to
It is fixed；
E2：Annual simulation of energy consumption calculating is carried out with the controllable exterior wall mathematical model of the constructing variable, annual energy is obtained
The consumption analogue value；
E3:Carbon emission amount respectively to the architecture construction stage, the carbon emission amount of building operational phase and building demolition stage
Carbon emission amount be simulated calculate, obtain the carbon emission amount analogue value；
E4：Annual simulation of energy consumption value is combined with the carbon emission amount analogue value, building thermal performance analysis BUILDINGS MODELS is formed.
Wherein, annual simulation of energy consumption calculating is carried out with the controllable exterior wall mathematical model of the constructing variable described in E2
Detailed process is：
E2.1：Building unit heat quantity consuming is entered according to occupied condition building unit heat quantity consuming model
Row is calculated, and the occupied condition building unit heat quantity consuming model is as follows：
E2.2：Building unit heat quantity consuming is entered according to unoccupied condition building unit heat quantity consuming model
Row is calculated, and the unoccupied condition building unit heat quantity consuming model is as follows：
Q in formulahm--- building unit heat quantity consuming, W/ ㎡；Qhm--- in building heating power in the detection persistent period
The gross heat input MJ that porch measures；qIH--- the inner heat gain of unit construction area, W/ ㎡；ti--- single whole room
Average indoor counting temperature, DEG C；te--- calculating outdoor mean air temperature during heating period, DEG C；tia--- the detection persistent period is built-in
Thing average indoor temperature is built, DEG C；tea--- outdoor mean temperature in the detection persistent period, DEG C；A0--- the total heating of building is built
Build area ， ㎡；Hr--- detection persistent period, h；278 --- Units conversion factor.
Wherein, described in E3 respectively to the architecture construction stage carbon emission amount, the carbon emission amount of building operational phase and building
The carbon emission amount of teardown phase is simulated the process for calculating：
E3.1：The carbon emission amount model of construction phase is set up, according to the carbon emission amount model in architecture construction stage to this rank
The carbon emission amount of section is calculated, and the carbon emission amount model of the construction phase is：
Econ=Econ,1+Econ,2+Econ,3
In formula：Econ,1For the CO that construction material is transported from factory to construction site2eqAmount, unit is kgCO2eq；Econ,2For
The CO constructed during architecture construction2eqAmount, unit is kgCO2eq；Econ,3Change the CO for producing for building site property2eqMeasure, unit is
kgCO2eq；
In formula：Wi,jThe quality that i-th kind of material is transported by jth kind mode, unit is kg；FTjTransport unit mass, list
The goods of position distance, the emission factor that jth kind mode is transported, unit is kgCO2eq/(km·kg)；LjI-th kind of material passes through jth
The distance that the mode of kind is transported, unit is km.
Econ,2=A × (FLb-FLa)
In formula：A is building area land area, and unit is m2。FLb, FLaIt is before respectively building and after construction, different
The carbon emission factor in property soil, unit is：kgCO2eq/m2。
Econ,3=Y × S
In formula：Y is the construction carbon intensity of unit area building, and unit is kgCO2eq/m2；S is construction area, unit
For m2；
E3.2：The carbon emission amount model of building operational phase is set up, according to the carbon emission amount model pair of building operational phase
The carbon emission amount in this stage is calculated, and the carbon emission amount model of the building operational phase is：
Eopr=Eopr,1+Eopr,2
In formula：Eopr,1For the CO that the operation energy consumption of the equipment such as HVAC, air-conditioning, daylighting is produced2eqDischarge capacity, unit are kg；
Eopr,2To build the CO that operational phase cold-producing medium is escaped2eqDischarge capacity, unit are kg；
In formula：Eopr,1To build carbon emission CO of the hvac equipment for using, lighting equipment consuming energy2eqAmount, unit
For kg；AiFor type for i building area, unit is m2.Building type can be house, middle-size and small-size Gongjian, large-scale public construction,
Government offices；T is the design service life of building, and unit is year；Average annual energy usage amounts of the M for unit area building, unit
For：KWh/m2Year；EFiFor the equivalent CO2 emission factor of i class building energies, unit is：CO2eq/(KWh)
Eopr,2=(Ml+Ma)×n×GWP
In formula：Amount of leakage of the Ml for refrigeration plant operational phase cold-producing medium, unit are kg/ platforms；MaIt is discarded for refrigeration plant
Afterwards, the discarding amount of cold-producing medium, unit are kg/ platforms；N is refrigeration plant quantity, and unit is：Platform；
E3.3：The carbon emission amount model in building demolition stage is set up, according to the carbon emission amount model pair in building demolition stage
The carbon emission amount in this stage is calculated, and the carbon emission amount model in the building demolition stage is：
Edis=Edis,1+Edis,2+Edis,3
EdisFor the total carbon emission in building demolition stage, unit is kgCO2eq；Edis,1For the carbon emission of building demolition construction
Amount, unit is kgCO2eq；Edis,2For the carbon emission amount of building waste transport, unit is kgCO2eq；Edis,3For building waste process
Carbon emission amount, unit is kgCO2eq。
Edis,1=Econ,3× 10%
E in formulacon,3For the carbon emission amount of architecture construction stage construction, unit is kgCO2eq；
In formula：WijQuality of i-th kind of building waste by the transport of jth kind means of transportation, unit is kg；FTjTransport unit
The goods of quality, unit distance, the emission factor of jth kind means of transportation, unit is kgCO2eq/(km·kg)；LjI-th kind of material
The distance transported by jth kind mode, unit is km.
Amounts of the Mj for jth class building waste, unit is kg；PMf、PMl、PMrRespectively jth class building waste is filled, is burnt
The percentage ratio for burning, reclaiming；EFf、EFl、EFrRespectively the burning of jth class building waste, landfill, the carbon emission factor for reclaiming, single
Position is kgCO2eq/kg。
Wherein, described in the 4th step, the detailed process of structure external wall structure multiple-objection optimization module foundation is：
F1：The annual simulation of energy consumption value is imported with the carbon emission amount analogue value and is solved in multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm module
Analysis；
F2：The analysis result of F1 is fed back to by decision-making parameter by the genetic algorithm in module and is iterated calculating, obtained
While the disaggregation with annual energy consumption and carbon emission amount as target；
F3：Automatic screening Pareto (Pareto) optimal solution is concentrated in the solution, i.e., annual energy consumption and carbon emission amount most simultaneously
Little solution；
F4：Automatically the corresponding decision-making parameter of above-mentioned Pareto solution i.e. external wall structure parameter is searched for, multiple-objection optimization mould is completed
The foundation of block.
Process of architecture design in severe cold area is an extremely complex process, not only needs to consider that building itself is every
The reasonability of index, while it is also contemplated that the impact of building environment to external world itself, therefore, many factors in process of architecture design
Building performance indications itself and building energy conservation effect with complicated relationship affect.Traditional architecture method for designing is set for building
There are many restrictions in the processing procedure of the complexity problem of meter, for example, traditional architecture method for designing is to external wall structural type
With impacts of the collocation between construction thickness to the annual energy consumption of building and carbon emission amount cannot be given optimum reasonable analysis and
Optimum combination result.And in process of architecture design, be often only designed by part index number calculating, analysis, and in designing,
Rely primarily on the combination of the index after the experience and simple computation of engineer.Meanwhile, the severe stress is subject to by current environment and
How most speech, build growing number of practical situation in the face of Process of Urbanization Construction and current various utilities buildings and house etc.,
Accomplish in big degree that the energy-conserving and environment-protective built are to thirst for always solving but failing the technical barrier for succeeding all the time.
A kind of severe cold area building structure method based on multiple target algorithm proposed by the present invention：1st, overcome tradition to set
Meter bound fraction building index based on building experience is calculated, the technology prejudice that analysis is designed, previously according to architecture construction
Require, arranging with reference to local climate, environmental demand and building perimeter is carried out to the annual energy consumption of building and carbon emission amount in advance
Simulation is calculated, and simulation calculating effect is converted into outer wall structure of building design process logic control energy consumption and carbon emission amount are same
When reach minimum in the case of, draw optimized outer wall structure of building, be that solid design theory numerical value is laid in architectural design
Basis；2nd, targeted design can be carried out for different Architectural Construction types, it is real to realize being directed to building actual demand
Property optimization design；3rd, it is designed with multiple-objection optimization, has largely saved human cost and time cost, meanwhile,
Improve the accuracy of optimization design；4th, with structure sheaf (xSTR), heat-insulation layer (xINS) and surface layer (xSF) different classes of take mutually
With being decision-making parameter with each thickness degree, building is designed as optimization aim with annual energy consumption and carbon emission amount, realizes and build
Energy consumption is built, and building largely reduces building from the optimization design for building, using to the whole carbon emission amount removed
Energy consumption, and build from the whole carbon emission amount for building, using dismounting, accomplish energy-conserving and environment-protective truly；5th, by
In method proposed by the present invention with structure sheaf (xSTR), heat-insulation layer (xINS) and surface layer (xSF) different classes of mutual collocation and each layer
Thickness is decision-making parameter, building is designed with annual energy consumption and carbon emission amount as optimization aim, therefore, which is in energy-conserving and environment-protective
While, and ensure that the heat-insulating property of building completely, largely optimize building heat preservation performance and building cost saving,
Collocation between energy-conserving and environment-protective, no matter from environmental demand angle, or the overall matter that building is all improve from citizen requirement angle
Amount.
Although the present invention is disclosed as above with preferred embodiment, which is not limited to the present invention, any to be familiar with this
The people of technology, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can do various changes and modification, therefore the protection of the present invention
Scope should be by being defined that claims are defined.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of severe cold area building structure method based on multi-objective optimization algorithm, it is characterised in that the building method
Step is：
The first step：For the structural type of severe cold area external wall, constructing variable corresponding with structural type is set up controllable
Exterior wall mathematical model；
Second step：Building thermal performance analysis BUILDINGS MODELS, the building are set up according to the structural type of severe cold area external wall
The integrated project information of thermal performance analysis BUILDINGS MODELS includes the hot attribute of building type, item location, space enclosing structure material, building
Operational Timelines, heating ventilation air-conditioning system type and ventilation rate；
3rd step：With reference to climatic data, so that the annual energy consumption and carbon emission of thermal performance analysis BUILDINGS MODELS are built described in second step
Measure as building enclosure optimization aim, set up multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm module；
4th step：Design is optimized to severe cold ground external wall construction using multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm module described in the 3rd step,
External wall structure multiple-objection optimization module is built by Optimum Design Results.
2. severe cold area building structure method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that structural type includes described in the first step
Exterior wall internal insulation, exterior wall be sandwich thermal insulated and external wall outer insulation three types.
3. severe cold area building structure method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that can to constructing variable described in the first step
The exterior wall mathematical model of control carries out decision-making parameter and constraints parametric modeling, concretely comprises the following steps：
A1：Determine the constraints scope of the controllable exterior wall mathematical model of constructing variable described in the first step；The constraints model
Enclose for：In heat-insulation layer, EPS sheet thickness is not less than 90mm, and XPS plate thickness is not less than 40mm, and polyurethane foam plastics thickness is not little
In 40mm.In structure sheaf, concrete hollow block, ceramsite concrete blocks, reinforced concrete shear wall thickness are not less than
200mm；Using the construction thickness of external wall as decision-making parameter；
A2：Visualization data module is set up using parameterized modeling technology to associate with the driving of constructing variable；And described in A1
Concrete constraints value is determined in the range of constraints；
A3：Decision-making parameter and the optimization parameter of decision-making parameter and contacting for concrete constraints value described in A2 are set up, it is described
System is decision-making parameter mathematical model.
4. severe cold area building structure method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that to the mathematics of decision-making parameter described in A3
Model carries out performance optimization aim structure integrated with decision-making parameter, concretely comprises the following steps：
B1：Using energy consumption analysis platform, climatic data is imported in the decision-making parameter mathematical model, calculate decision-making parameter mathematics
The annual energy consumption of model；
B2：Using carbon emission amount analysis platform, the carbon footprint of the decision-making parameter mathematical model life cycle management is drawn；
B3：The carbon emission amount of decision-making parameter mathematical model is calculated using carbon footprint described in B2, by the decision-making parameter mathematical modulo
The annual energy consumption and carbon emission amount of type is used as external wall performance optimization aim.
5. severe cold area building structure method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that entered using multiple target described in the 4th step
Change algoritic module is optimized design to severe cold area external wall construction and concretely comprises the following steps：
C1：The annual energy consumption of decision-making parameter mathematical model and carbon emission amount are imported into multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm module described in the 3rd step
In, set up auto-adaptive function model；
C2：Using auto-adaptive function model described in C1, using the annual energy consumption and carbon emission amount of decision-making parameter mathematical model as
External wall performance optimization aim carries out evolutionary computation to the decision-making parameter, obtains evolutionary computation result；
C3：Evolutionary computation result described in C2 is imported in decision-making parameter mathematical model, calculating is iterated, iteration knot is obtained
Really；
C4：Annual energy consumption and carbon emission amount are filtered out by genetic Optimization Algorithm module Optimo according to iteration result described in C3
The optimal case of minimum severe cold area external wall construction, completes optimization design.
6. severe cold area building structure method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that constructing variable is controllable described in the first step
Exterior wall mathematical model set up with annual energy consumption and carbon emission amount as optimization aim, the controllable exterior wall number of the constructing variable
Learn model to set up process as follows：
Min Z1(X)=EC (X)
Min Z2(X)=C (X)
Meet which
xSTR1 ... and I }, (I=3)
xINS1 ... and J }, (J=3)
xSUR1 ... and K }, (K=5)
xSTRt{200,...+∞}
xINSt (XPS, polyurethane foam plastics){40,...+∞}
xINSt(EPS){90,...+∞}
xSURt{10,...+∞}
X={ xSTR, xINS, xSUR}
Wherein, X represents decision-making parameter set；EC represents annual energy consumption；C represents carbon emission amount；xSTRRepresent structure sheaf material class
Not；xINSRepresent heat-insulation layer material classification；xSURRepresent surface layer material classification；I represents structure sheaf material classification higher limit；J is represented
Heat-insulation layer material classification higher limit；K represents surface layer material classification higher limit；xSTRtRepresent Laminate construction thickness codomain；xINStRepresent and protect
Warm layer thickness value domain；xSURtRepresent surface thickness codomain.
7. severe cold area building structure method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that hot property point is built described in second step
Analysis BUILDINGS MODELS process of setting up be：
E1：With the controllable exterior wall mathematical model of constructing variable described in the first step, define item location, building type, use people
Number, the hot attribute of space enclosing structure material, heating ventilation air-conditioning system type, constructing operation timetable and ventilation rate；Climatic data is led
Enter in the item location；
E2：Annual simulation of energy consumption calculating is carried out with the controllable exterior wall mathematical model of the constructing variable, annual energy consumption mould is obtained
Analog values；
E3:Carbon emission amount respectively to the architecture construction stage, the carbon emission amount of building operational phase and the carbon in building demolition stage
Discharge capacity is simulated and calculates, and obtains the carbon emission amount analogue value；
E4：Annual simulation of energy consumption value is combined with the carbon emission amount analogue value, building thermal performance analysis BUILDINGS MODELS is formed.
8. severe cold area building structure method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that with the construction ginseng described in E2
The controllable exterior wall mathematical model of number carries out the detailed process of annual simulation of energy consumption calculating：
E2.1：Building unit heat quantity consuming is counted according to occupied condition building unit heat quantity consuming model
Calculate, the occupied condition building unit heat quantity consuming model is as follows：
E2.2：Building unit heat quantity consuming is counted according to unoccupied condition building unit heat quantity consuming model
Calculate, the unoccupied condition building unit heat quantity consuming model is as follows：
Q in formulahm--- building unit heat quantity consuming, W/ ㎡；Qhm--- in building consumer heat inlet in the detection persistent period
The gross heat input MJ that place measures；qIH--- the inner heat gain of unit construction area, W/ ㎡；ti--- single whole room is average
Indoor calculating temperature, DEG C；te--- calculating outdoor mean air temperature during heating period, DEG C；tia--- building in the detection persistent period
Average indoor temperature, DEG C；tea--- outdoor mean temperature in the detection persistent period, DEG C；A0--- the total heating building face of building
Ji ， ㎡；Hr--- detection persistent period, h；278 --- Units conversion factor.
9. severe cold area building structure method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that respectively to architecture construction rank described in E3
The process that the carbon emission amount of section, the carbon emission amount of building operational phase and the simulation of the carbon emission amount in building demolition stage are calculated
For：
E3.1：Set up the carbon emission amount model of construction phase, according to the carbon emission amount model in architecture construction stage to this stage
Carbon emission amount is calculated, and the carbon emission amount model of the construction phase is：
Econ=Econ,1+Econ,2+Econ,3
In formula：Econ,1For the CO that construction material is transported from factory to construction site2eqAmount, unit is kgCO2eq；Econ,2To build
The CO constructed when making2eqAmount, unit is kgCO2eq；Econ,3Change the CO for producing for building site property2eqMeasure, unit is
kgCO2eq；
E3.2：Set up building operational phase carbon emission amount model, according to building operational phase carbon emission amount model to this rank
The carbon emission amount of section is calculated, and the carbon emission amount model of the building operational phase is：
Eopr=Eopr,1+Eopr,2
In formula：Eopr,1For the CO that the operation energy consumption of the equipment such as HVAC, air-conditioning, daylighting is produced2eqDischarge capacity, unit are kg；Eopr,2For
The CO that building operational phase cold-producing medium is escaped2eqDischarge capacity, unit are kg；
E3.3：The carbon emission amount model in building demolition stage is set up, according to the carbon emission amount model in building demolition stage to this rank
The carbon emission amount of section is calculated, and the carbon emission amount model in the building demolition stage is：
Edis=Edis,1+Edis,2+Edis,3
EdisFor the total carbon emission in building demolition stage, unit is kgCO2eq；Edis,1For building demolition construction carbon emission amount,
Unit is kgCO2eq；Edis,2For the carbon emission amount of building waste transport, unit is kgCO2eq；Edis,3For building waste process
Carbon emission amount, unit are kgCO2eq。
10. severe cold area building structure method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that exterior wall structure is built described in the 4th step
Make multiple-objection optimization module foundation detailed process be：
F1：The annual simulation of energy consumption value is imported with the carbon emission amount analogue value and is parsed in multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm module；
F2：The analysis result of F1 is fed back to by decision-making parameter by the genetic algorithm in module and is iterated calculating, obtained simultaneously
Disaggregation with annual energy consumption and carbon emission amount as target；
F3：Automatic screening Pareto optimum solution, i.e., the simultaneously minimum solution of annual energy consumption and carbon emission amount are concentrated in the solution；
F4：Automatically the corresponding decision-making parameter of above-mentioned Pareto solution i.e. external wall structure parameter is searched for, multiple-objection optimization module is completed
Set up.
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