CN106597415B - The method of sparse aperture imaging system error-detecting precision is improved under a kind of Gaussian noise - Google Patents

The method of sparse aperture imaging system error-detecting precision is improved under a kind of Gaussian noise Download PDF

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CN106597415B
CN106597415B CN201611009173.5A CN201611009173A CN106597415B CN 106597415 B CN106597415 B CN 106597415B CN 201611009173 A CN201611009173 A CN 201611009173A CN 106597415 B CN106597415 B CN 106597415B
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imaging system
aperture imaging
focal plane
sparse aperture
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CN106597415A (en
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范君柳
吴泉英
李勋武
陈宝华
王军
罗建文
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Suzhou University of Science and Technology
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/497Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/89Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging

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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of methods that sparse aperture imaging system error-detecting precision is improved under Gaussian noise.Based on the log-likelihood function of two images in phase difference method, the Fisher matrix about sparse aperture imaging system is acquired, evaluation points are obtained by mark to Fisher matrix inversion matrix and statistical analysis;Corresponding evaluation points are calculated by changing the defocusing amount of external parameter such as image focal plane, focal plane with photon ratio that focal plane receives, the value of evaluation points is smaller to show that phase difference method is higher using the precision of these parameter detecting sparse aperture imaging system errors.Evaluation method provided by the invention can effectively improve sparse aperture imaging system error-detecting precision to select a kind of optimal phase difference method parameter configuration to provide foundation.

Description

The method of sparse aperture imaging system error-detecting precision is improved under a kind of Gaussian noise
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for improving sparse aperture imaging system error-detecting precision, especially in Gaussian noise The lower method for improving sparse aperture imaging system error-detecting precision.
Background technique
Sparse aperture imaging system is that permutation and combination together, is used to replace one big according to certain rules by multiple sub-apertures Aperture area, since the entire heavy caliber of the relative aperture of each sub-aperture is much smaller, sparse aperture can not only overcome due to A series of too big brought difficulties of optical system bore, and can obtain and the comparable spatial discrimination of wide-aperture optical system Rate.Sparse aperture imaging system mostly two anti-system structure in practical application, principal reflection mirror is by each small sub- reflecting mirror institute It constitutes.Good image quality in order to obtain, the phase error between each sub- reflecting mirror must be strictly controlled (usually less than λ/ 20rms), this is not an easy thing for current processing, adjustment technique;In addition around sparse aperture system Environment, temperature, the factors such as gravity also result in the generation of sub-aperture not systematic errors such as common phase position.
The method for being used to detect sparse aperture imaging system error at present mainly has phase difference method, and phase difference method is logical It crosses and acquires unknown extension object by multiple image formed by optical system, according to these picture construction objective functions to optics A kind of wavefront sensing methods that the error and unknown object object of system are estimated.The detection accuracy of phase difference method is limited by all Multifactor, such as noise, the defocusing amount of focal plane image, the photon ratio between different images, wherein noise is most important shadow The factor of sound.The photon numbers that the presence of thermal noise and each pixel of receiver receive when due to picture receiver work are once If 20, receiver image obtained will will receive the influence of Gaussian noise.Therefore various outer under analysis Gaussian noise Influence of boundary's parameter to sparse aperture imaging system error-detecting precision has great significance.
Document " Optical misalignment sensing and image reconstruction using Phase diversity " ([J] J.Opt.Soc.Am.A, 1988,5 (6): 914-923) discloses a kind of utilization phase difference method survey The method for measuring sparse aperture imaging system error, this method are dilute to 6 sub-apertures using the phase difference method based on gradient search method The Piston error for dredging aperture is detected, and wherein the defocusing amount of focal plane image is 0.5 wavelength, and is analyzed when each Testing result is by being influenced when the white Gaussian noise that width image is 1% plus variance.However document does not consider outside which kind of Under the conditions of portion, when carrying out error-detecting to the system influenced with Gaussian noise, the result obtained is more accurate, does not propose Any method come evaluate the system carry out error-detecting result precision size;Document " the phase difference method pair based on genetic algorithm The piston error of synthesis telescope is detected " ([J] astronomical research and technology, 2011,8 (4): 369-373) disclosure A kind of method measuring three sub-aperture sparse aperture imaging system errors using phase difference method, each width image equally has in document Having variance is 1% Gaussian random white noise, and the defocusing amount of focal plane image is chosen for 1 wavelength, and document merely provides Under this condition error-detecting as a result, not proposing any method equally to improve the precision of the error-detecting.
Summary of the invention
The present invention detects sparse aperture imaging system error when institute using phase difference method under Gaussian noise for existing Existing deficiency provides a kind of method that can effectively judge and improve testing result precision.
It realizes that the technical solution of the object of the invention is to provide under a kind of Gaussian noise and improves sparse aperture imaging system error The method of detection accuracy, including such as following steps:
(1) it is obtained under the influence of Gaussian noise using phase difference method, the logarithm about sparse aperture imaging system error Likelihood function L:
Wherein, σ2For Gaussian noise variance;For object;It is sparse aperture imaging system to object institute At picture;For image coordinates;Subscript d=1 indicates that the picture of focal plane, subscript d=2 indicate the picture of focal plane;For The point spread function of sparse aperture imaging system, when subscript d=1,It is as corresponding sparse aperture is imaged for focal plane It unites point spread function, when subscript d=2,It is focal plane as corresponding sparse aperture imaging system point spread function;* For convolution operator;For the error of sparse aperture imaging system, by the error of each sub-apertureComposition,N is the sub-aperture quantity of sparse aperture imaging system;
Point spread functionFor sparse aperture imaging system generalized pupil function Fourier transformationMould Square,Wherein, FT is Fourier transform operator;For n-th of sub-aperture Generalized pupil function,For the pupil coordinate of sparse aperture imaging system;Generalized pupil functionIt is expressed from the next:
In formula,For the normalization light pupil function of n-th of sub-aperture of sparse aperture imaging system, phase termIt is indicated by zernike polynomial,For the jth item of zernike polynomial,αnjFor the jth item zernike coefficient of n-th of sub-aperture;Phase termThe defocusing amount for indicating focal plane image, for image focal plane,It is 0;
(2) using log-likelihood function L to the zernike polynomial system of sparse aperture imaging system any two sub-aperture Several second-order partial differential coefficients, and negative desired value is taken to second-order partial differential coefficient solving result, obtain the sparse aperture imaging system Fisher submatrix about any two sub-aperture:
Wherein, Fishermn(j, k) is about jth row in the Fisher submatrix of m-th of sub-aperture and n-th of sub-aperture With kth column element, m=1,2 ... N n=1,2 ... N;KdFor as λdThe number of photons received;Im { } is to take imaginary part operator;On Mark * is complex conjugate operator;onormFor normalized object;
(3) step (2) are repeated, obtains the Fisher matrix of the sparse aperture imaging system comprising whole sub-apertures Fisher:
(4) it inverts to the Fisher matrix F isher that step (3) obtains, then to inverse matrix track taking:
ε=Trace (INV (Fisher)),
Wherein, Trace () indicates to take the mark of matrix, and INV () is indicated to matrix inversion;
(5) random using Karhunen-Loeve function expansion method simulation generation zernike polynomial M width under 1~J rank Phase screen takes the order J value of zernike polynomial to be greater than 10, and random phase screen number M is not less than 50, obtains each width phase screen The random error of corresponding one group of sparse aperture imaging systemIt repeats step (2)~(4) and calculates separately each groupObtained ε, Obtain evaluation points
(6) change the defocusing amount of focal plane image respectivelyThe photon ratio that focal plane and focal plane receive K1/K2, step (1)~(5) are repeated, obtain corresponding to different defocusing amountsAnd different focal planes and focal plane receive Photon ratio K1/K2Corresponding evaluation points
(7) each evaluation points comparedValue, with evaluation pointsDefocusing amount corresponding to value minimumWith Photon ratio K1/K2As external parameter, sparse aperture imaging system error is detected.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, the invention has the advantages that the evaluation points for passing through calculating sparse aperture systemThus optimal phase difference method measurement parameter configuration is provided, to improve the sparse aperture imaging system under Gaussian noise Error-detecting precision.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the sparse aperture imaging system of Golay3 structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the method that sparse aperture imaging system error-detecting precision is improved under a kind of Gaussian noise provided by the invention Work flow diagram;
Fig. 3 is imageable target object provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 be it is provided in an embodiment of the present invention by Golay3 sparse aperture imaging system to focal plane formed by object Picture and focal plane picture;
Fig. 5 is the sparse aperture imaging system evaluation points being calculated under different defocusing amounts in the embodiment of the present invention Size;
Fig. 6 is that system focal plane image and focal plane image obtain under different photon ratios in the embodiment of the present invention Sparse aperture imaging system evaluation pointsResult.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, technical solution of the present invention is further elaborated.
Embodiment 1
During using phase difference method detection sparse aperture imaging system error, due in the collection process of image With Gaussian noise, therefore the information that each pixel receives on CCD is a Gaussian random variable, it is assumed that all variables Between it is mutually indepedent, obeying mean value is 0, variance σ2Gaussian Profile, then CCD every piece image collectedIt is general Rate density function can be indicated by formula (1) are as follows:
Wherein, σ2S Gaussian noise variance;For object;Subscript d=1 indicates that the picture of focal plane, subscript d=2 indicate The picture of focal plane;For the point spread function of sparse aperture imaging system, when subscript d=1,For focal plane As corresponding sparse aperture imaging system point spread function, when subscript d=2,It is focal plane as corresponding sparse hole Diameter imaging system point spread function;For image coordinates;It * is convolution operator;For the error of sparse aperture imaging system, by each The error of a sub-apertureComposition,N is the sub-aperture quantity of sparse aperture imaging system.
According to the optical basic principle of information, point spread function is sparse aperture imaging system pupil function Fourier transformationMould square,Wherein, FT is Fourier transform operator; For the generalized pupil function of n-th of sub-aperture,For the pupil coordinate of sparse aperture imaging system.Generalized pupil functionIt is indicated by following formula (2):
In formula,For the normalization light pupil function of n-th of sub-aperture of sparse aperture imaging system, phase termIt is indicated by zernike polynomial,For the jth item of zernike polynomial,αnjFor the jth item zernike coefficient of n-th of sub-aperture, i.e. phase difference method Ask for the error of the sparse aperture imaging system of detection;Phase termThe defocusing amount for indicating focal plane image, it is flat for coke Face image,It is 0;
Above-mentioned probability density function formula (1) is handled using Maximum-likelihood estimation theory, and ignores unrelated constant , formula (3) log-likelihood function L can be obtained:
By Cram é r-Rao lower bound theory it is found that asking two rank local derviations that can obtain log-likelihood function L Fisher matrix.Log-likelihood function L is calculated to the zernike polynomial system of sparse aperture imaging system any two sub-aperture Several second-order partial differential coefficients, and negative desired value is taken to second-order partial differential coefficient solving result, obtain the sparse aperture imaging system Fisher submatrix about the two any sub-apertures is formula (4):
Wherein, Fishermn(j, k) is about jth row in the Fisher submatrix of m-th of sub-aperture and n-th of sub-aperture With kth column element, m=1,2 ... N n=1,2 ... N.KdFor as λdThe number of photons received;Im { } is to take imaginary part operator;On Mark * is complex conjugate operator;onormFor normalized object.
The Fisher matrix form (5) of the sparse aperture imaging system comprising whole sub-apertures can be obtained by repeating the above steps Fisher:
It inverts again to obtained Fisher matrix F isher, and by formula (6) to inverse matrix track taking:
ε=Trace (INV (Fisher)) (6)
Wherein, Trace () indicates to take the mark of matrix, and INV () is indicated to matrix inversion;
It is simulated using Karhunen-Loeve function expansion method and generates zernike polynomial M width random phase under 1~J rank Screen, the random error of the corresponding one group of sparse aperture imaging system of each width phase screenRepetitive operation is counted respectively according to the above method Calculate each groupObtained ε, and statistical average obtains evaluation points
Change the defocusing amount of focal plane image respectivelyThe photon ratio K that focal plane and focal plane receive1/ K2, aforesaid operations step is repeated, obtains corresponding to different defocusing amountsAnd the light that different focal planes and focal plane receive Subnumber ratio K1/K2Corresponding evaluation pointsEvaluation pointsValue it is smaller, utilize corresponding defocusing amountAnd number of photons Compare K1/K2It is as a result more accurate as external parameter to sparse aperture error-detecting.
Referring to attached drawing 1, it is the sparse aperture imaging system of Golay3 structure provided in this embodiment.The broad sense light of system Pupil functionA writeable accepted way of doing sth (7):
Wherein in the range of sub-aperture n,ForA is the area of three sub-apertures of Golay3 sparse aperture The sum of;Outside the range of sub-aperture n,It is 0;
The aberration of n-th of sub-apertureIt is indicated with the 1st of zernike polynomial to the 11st:
Referring to attached drawing 2, it is that the inspection of sparse aperture imaging system error is improved under a kind of Gaussian noise provided in this embodiment Survey the work flow diagram of the method for precision.
Step S101 according to fig. 2, the design parameter that Golay3 sparse aperture imaging system is arranged are as shown in table 1:
Table 1.Golay3 sparse aperture imaging system parameters
Referring to attached drawing 3, it is imageable target object provided in this embodiment;The present embodiment chooses sparse aperture imaging system simultaneously It unites two error-detectings that width is carried out at image to object, referring to attached drawing 4, it is provided in this embodiment to pass through Golay3 Sparse aperture imaging system is to focal plane picture formed by object and focal plane picture;Wherein width (a) figure is focal plane picture, separately An outer width (b) figure is defocused image, it is assumed that imaging system noise be variance be 1% Gauss additive white noise and.
Step S102 according to fig. 2, obtaining formula (9) using the data of this two width figure is log-likelihood function L
Wherein σ2It is 0.01, λ1And λ2Respectively correspond Fig. 4 (a) and Fig. 4 (b), and h1And h2Respectively correspond formula (10) and formula (11) as follows:
Step S103 according to fig. 2 is obtained by Cram é r-Rao lower bound theory about m-th of sub-aperture and n-th The Fisher submatrix Fisher of a sub-aperturemn, wherein m=1,2,3 n=1,2,3, submatrix FishermnMiddle jth row and Kth column element Fishermn(j, k) is represented by formula (12):
KdFor as λdThe number of photons received, in the present embodiment total number of light photons, i.e. K1And K2The sum of be 10000.
Step S104 according to fig. 2 obtains the Fisher matrix of the sparse aperture imaging system comprising whole sub-apertures Formula (13):
Step S105 according to fig. 2, the sparse aperture imaging system comprising whole sub-apertures that (13) formula is obtained Fisher matrix inversion, then to inverse matrix track taking, can obtain
ε=Trace (INV (Fisher)),
It is simulated using Karhunen-Loeve function expansion method and generates zernike polynomial random phase of 50 width under 1~11 rank Position screen, calculates each groupObtained ε carries out statistical average and obtains evaluation points
Step S106 according to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, by the main defocusing amount that focal plane image is discussed and focal plane Influence of the photon ratio received respectively with focal plane image to systematic error detection accuracy.Assuming that two images receive altogether The number of photons arrived is 10000.
Referring to attached drawing 5, it is the sparse aperture imaging system evaluation being calculated under different defocusing amounts in the present embodiment The factorResult;It illustrate two width imaging subnumber ratio of sparse aperture imaging system be 1: 1, using image focal plane and from Image focal plane calculates separately to obtain evaluation points in the case that focal plane image has different defocusing amountsResult. When the defocusing amount of focal plane image is in 1.63 wavelength it can be seen from Fig. 5 result, evaluation pointsValue it is minimum, this Show to carry out error-detecting under the defocusing amount, detection accuracy is higher than the error measurement under other defocusing amounts.
Referring to attached drawing 6, it be in the present embodiment system focal plane image and focal plane image under different photon ratios Obtained sparse aperture imaging system evaluation pointsResult.Its expression sparse aperture imaging system is Jiao Ping in piece image Face image, in addition piece image is focal plane image and under the premise of defocusing amount is 0.5 wavelength, and two images have difference Photon ratio, thus the evaluation points being calculatedSize.As seen from Figure 6, with image focal plane and defocus The reduction of flat image photon ratio between the two, evaluation pointsValue also reduce therewith, this show by reduce focal plane Number of photons and increase the number of photons of focal plane, recycle this two images to detect sparse aperture imaging system error, inspection The precision of survey is available significantly to be improved.

Claims (1)

1. under a kind of Gaussian noise improve sparse aperture imaging system error-detecting precision method, it is characterised in that including such as with Lower step:
(1) it is obtained under the influence of Gaussian noise using phase difference method, the log-likelihood about sparse aperture imaging system error Function L:
Wherein, σ2For Gaussian noise variance;For object;It is sparse aperture imaging system to formed by object Picture;For image coordinates;Subscript d=1 indicates that the picture of focal plane, subscript d=2 indicate the picture of focal plane;It is sparse The point spread function of aperture imaging system, when subscript d=1,It is focal plane as corresponding sparse aperture imaging system point Spread function, when subscript d=2,It is focal plane as corresponding sparse aperture imaging system point spread function;It * is volume Integrating symbol;For the error of sparse aperture imaging system, by the error of each sub-apertureComposition,N is the sub-aperture quantity of sparse aperture imaging system;
Point spread functionFor sparse aperture imaging system generalized pupil function Fourier transformationMould it is flat Side,Wherein, FT is Fourier transform operator;For the wide of n-th sub-aperture Adopted pupil function,For the pupil coordinate of sparse aperture imaging system;Generalized pupil functionIt is expressed from the next:
In formula,For the normalization light pupil function of n-th of sub-aperture of sparse aperture imaging system, phase termBy Zernike polynomial expression, For the jth item of zernike polynomial,N=1,2 ... N, αnjFor the jth item zernike coefficient of n-th of sub-aperture;Phase term The defocusing amount for indicating focal plane image, for image focal plane,It is 0;
(2) using log-likelihood function L to the zernike polynomial coefficient of sparse aperture imaging system any two sub-aperture Second-order partial differential coefficient, and negative desired value is taken to second-order partial differential coefficient solving result, obtain the sparse aperture imaging system about The Fisher submatrix of any two sub-aperture:
Wherein, Fishermn(j, k) is about jth row and kth in the Fisher submatrix of m-th of sub-aperture and n-th of sub-aperture Column element, m=1,2 ... N n=1,2 ... N;KdFor as λdThe number of photons received;Im { } is to take imaginary part operator;Subscript * is multiple Conjugate operator;onormFor normalized object;
(3) step (2) are repeated, obtain the Fisher matrix F isher of the sparse aperture imaging system comprising whole sub-apertures:
(4) it inverts to the Fisher matrix F isher that step (3) obtains, then to inverse matrix track taking:
ε=Trace (INV (Fisher)),
Wherein, Trace () indicates to take the mark of matrix, and INV () is indicated to matrix inversion;
(5) zernike polynomial M width random phase under 1~J rank is generated using the simulation of Karhunen-Loeve function expansion method Screen takes the order J value of zernike polynomial to be greater than 10, and random phase screen number M is not less than 50, and it is corresponding to obtain each width phase screen The random error of one group of sparse aperture imaging systemIt repeats step (2)~(4) and calculates separately each groupObtained ε, obtains Evaluation points
(6) change the defocusing amount of focal plane image respectivelyThe photon ratio K that focal plane and focal plane receive1/ K2, step (1)~(5) are repeated, obtain corresponding to different defocusing amountsAnd the light that different focal planes and focal plane receive Subnumber ratio K1/K2Corresponding evaluation points ε;
(7) each evaluation points comparedValue, with evaluation pointsDefocusing amount corresponding to value minimumAnd number of photons Compare K1/K2As external parameter, sparse aperture imaging system error is detected.
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