CN106594971B - The minimum air quantity control method of mechanical ventilation system in grottoes - Google Patents
The minimum air quantity control method of mechanical ventilation system in grottoes Download PDFInfo
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- CN106594971B CN106594971B CN201610993422.2A CN201610993422A CN106594971B CN 106594971 B CN106594971 B CN 106594971B CN 201610993422 A CN201610993422 A CN 201610993422A CN 106594971 B CN106594971 B CN 106594971B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F7/00—Ventilation
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of minimum air quantity control method of mechanical ventilation system in grottoes, comprising: 1) acquisition parameter；2) it calculates through cave inside and outside differential pressure value Δ P under open state1；3) discharge coefficient c is calculated；4) it is Q that calculating machine air-supply, which acts on lower grottoes minimum inleakage,1, then calculate to obtain grottoes inside and outside differential pressure Δ P at this time2；5) the pressure value Δ P that calculating machine supply air system provides3, pass through Δ P3The air output Q for determining that mechanical ventilation system needs is calculated with c2, according to air balance, determine the exhaust air rate Q that mechanical ventilation system needs3, by grottoes pressure sensor control mechanical ventilation system according to air quantity Q2And Q3Control system supply and exhaust amount, makes the pressure difference inside and outside grottoes be maintained Δ P3.The present invention is that grottoes add mechanical ventilation system, by control system supply and exhaust amount, controls static pressure in grottoes, forms it into slight positive pressure state, resists atmosphere highly humid air and spreads to grottoes, provides a stable humidity environment in flush period for the historical relic in cave.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of heating ventilation air conditioning, and in particular to a kind of control method of mechanical ventilation system minimum air quantity.
Background technique
The weather in Dunhuang is varied in recent years, heavy rainfall phenomenon in a short time occurs.Heavy rainfall weather is to when earth polar arid
Desert climate brings great impact, and relative air humidity value steeply rises in a short time.Relative humidity highest is close outside cave
100%, relative humidity is up to 80% in cave, and it is wet to hold layer deliquescence of inner part crystal salt with reaching Mogao Grottoes grottoes mural painting
Degree.Relative humidity stability is broken in grottoes, leads to grottoes precipice body moisture and salt regime, accelerates mural painting disease process.Currently, preventing
The method that atmosphere highly humid air is permeated to grottoes mainly closes cave door, stops reception tourist.But due to Mogao Grottoes historical relic
Particular/special requirement, cave door is upper to be caused to close cave even if grottoes, air-tightness is poor, still can not there are ventilating blind window
Highly humid air is stopped to permeate to grottoes.Zhang Zhengmo et al. carries out relative humidity in the 85th cave cave after 15 daily rain amount July in 2012
Test observation, the 85th cave belong to non-opening grottoes, and discovery rises to 62% at relative humidity noon 12 on the 16th or so, reaches
Dunhuang Research Inst. provides relative humidity early warning value (62%) in cave.It can be seen that closing the door to the effect for preventing highly humid air from spreading to grottoes
It is unsatisfactory.Mechanical ventilation system is added for grottoes, is sent by control, exhaust air rate, grottoes is made to form stable micro-positive pressure, it can be effective
Highly humid air outside cave is prevented to spread to grottoes；Meanwhile static pressure fluctuation is possible to destroy humid air or liquid in grottoes wall body in cave
The migration of water balances, and the intracorporal water translocation of wall has driven the migration of salinity, so that mural painting salt damage is activated, therefore, static pressure in cave
It can not be excessive.Force ventilation for forming micro-positive pressure in cave is sent, air draft quantifier elimination is for preventing outside cave highly humid air to hole
It is permeated in cave most important.But there is no logical by the machinery of purpose of design of anti-steam infiltration in Heating,Ventilating and Air Conditioning industry at present
Wind system send, air draft method for determination of amount, and the research of current Heating,Ventilating and Air Conditioning industry lacks indoor static pressure and indoor and outdoor air is handed over
Relationship research between the amount of changing, also lacks the relationship research of accurate air output and indoor static pressure, it is thus determined that preventing high humidity outside cave
Static pressure in cave required for air penetration, and determine suitable supply and exhaust magnitude, it is the critical issue for needing to solve at present.
Summary of the invention
The minimum air quantity control method for being designed to provide mechanical ventilation system in a kind of grottoes of the invention patent, with solution
Certainly above-mentioned technical problem.The present invention causes the increased status of relative humidity in cave for the exchange of cave inner air and outer air, adds for grottoes
Mechanical ventilation system is sent, exhaust air rate by control system, is controlled static pressure in grottoes, is formed it into stable slight positive pressure state, support
Atmosphere highly humid air processed is spread from door and window gap to grottoes, provides a stable wet ring in flush period for the historical relic in cave
Border is conducive to the protection of historical relic.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The minimum air quantity control method of mechanical ventilation system in grottoes, comprising the following steps:
1) grottoes internal and external temperature is acquired, grottoes inside and outside temperature difference Δ T is calculated；Acquire wind speed, wind direction outside cave；Acquire grottoes into
Depth and grottoes height；The active force divulged information in grottoes is judged by the parameter of acquisition；
2) according to the active force of the ventilation obtained in step 1), natural ventilating status lower opening cave inside and outside differential pressure value is calculated
ΔP1；
3) according to cave inside and outside differential pressure value Δ P under open state1Calculate discharge coefficient c；
4) it is Q that calculating machine air-supply, which acts on lower grottoes minimum inleakage,1, then calculate to obtain grottoes inside and outside differential pressure Δ P at this time2；
5) the pressure value Δ P that calculating machine supply air system provides3, the pressure value that emchanical air supply system provides is equal to grottoes door
The pressure absolute value that the pressure value of two sides is generated plus hot pressing, Action of Wind pressure:
ΔP3=Δ P2+|ΔP1| (13)
Pass through Δ P3The air quantity Q for determining that mechanical ventilation system needs to export is calculated with c2；Mechanical ventilation system is controlled according to meter
The air quantity Q of calculation2Control system minimum supply air rate, when air pressure is greater than outside atmosphere pressure Δ P in cave3When, exhaust blower is opened,
Exhaust air rate is air output Q2With inleakage Q1Difference Q3, air balance is formed in cave at this time, pressure no longer increases in cave, makes cave
It is interior to form stable micro-positive pressure environment.
According to air balance principle, air output Q2With inleakage Q1Difference Q3For the exhaust air rate of grottoes, made in grottoes with this
Form stable pressure environment.
Further, it is calculated by the active force divulged information in grottoes by formula (3) in step 1):
Wherein:
Re- Reynolds number；
Big gas velocity, m/s outside the cave u-；
ν-air viscosity, m2/s；
L- grottoes depth, m；
Gr- grashof number；
G- acceleration of gravity；
Δ T- grottoes internal-external temperature difference, DEG C；
H- grottoes height, m.
Further, whenWhen, cave inside and outside differential pressure value Δ P under open state is calculated by formula (6)1；
Wherein, ρ-atmospheric density, kg/m3；Mean temperature in-grottoes, DEG C；
WhenWhen, if the outer wind direction of grottoes blows to grottoes, calculated under open state by formula (7)
Cave inside and outside differential pressure value Δ P1；If passing through formula (8) when the parallel cave door of the outer wind direction of grottoes and calculating cave inside and outside differential pressure under open state
It is worth Δ P1；
Further, discharge coefficient is calculated according to formula (9) in step 3):
In formula:
C- discharge coefficient, m3/(s·Pab)；
CDThe air exchange coefficient of grottoes opening, dimensionless；
AeffThe effective vent area of grottoes, m2；
N- flow index, value is between 0.5~1.
Further, step 4) specifically includes:
Q1=u × Aeff (10)
In formula:
Q1Can resist that air outside cave permeates to grottoes by minimum inleakage at the door opening of cave, m3/s；
Q1=c Δ P2 n (11)
In formula:
ΔP2Guarantee Q1Cave inside and outside differential pressure, Pa.
Further, the air quantity Q for needing to export by formula (14) calculating machine ventilating system in step 5)2:
Q2=c Δ P3 n (14)
Pass through the exhaust air rate Q of formula (15) calculating machine ventilating system3:
Q3=Q2-Q1 (15)。
Compared with the existing technology, the invention has the following advantages: the present invention causes cave for the exchange of cave inner air and outer air
The interior increased status of relative humidity is added mechanical ventilation system for grottoes, is sent by control system, exhaust air rate, controlled in grottoes
Static pressure forms it into stable slight positive pressure state, resists atmosphere highly humid air and spreads to grottoes, is the historical relic in cave in flush period
One stable wet environment is provided, the protection of historical relic is conducive to.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides the air quantity control method for being diffused as mechanical ventilation system in the grottoes of purpose of design with anti-steam,
At least to solve effectively provide grottoes static pressure and system institute in grottoes under mechanical ventilation system effect in the related technology
Need to give, exhaust air rate the problem of.
1, the judgment method of grottoes gravity-flow ventilation driving force.
Grottoes inside and outside differential pressure is very micro value under natural ventilating status, it is difficult to be tested.Judgement can be passed throughClearly draw
The driving force for playing the exchange of grottoes inner air and outer air is distinguished according to the test value of the wind speed of the temperature difference and cave area inside and outside grottoes, wind direction
Utilize the theoretical formula method grottoes inner air and outer air pressure difference of the grottoes inside and outside differential pressure under hot pressing function, wind pressure hot pressing comprehensive function.
However, it is desirable to it is clear that, it is the cave inside and outside differential pressure of big opening using the value that formula calculates.
It utilizesJudge the active force divulged information in grottoes.Wherein Re(Reynolds number) indicates the ratio of inertia force and viscous force,
GrInclude the ratio of buoyancy lift and viscous force in (grashof number) number, the comparison parameter of inertia force and buoyancy lift byTable
Show.WhenWhen, it can regard that buoyancy lift accounts for leading role as, i.e. the ventilation of single-open meets Ventilation rule,
The influence of wind pressure is not considered；WhenWhen, inertia force and buoyancy lift collective effect can be regarded as, i.e. single-open
Ventilation meets wind pressure, hot pressing collective effect ventilation rule；WhenWhen, inertia force can be regarded as and account for leading role, is i.e. unilateral side is opened
Mouthful ventilation meet Action of Wind pressure ventilation rule, but this kind of situation mostly occurs outside cave atmosphere wind speed when being greater than 10m/s, base
Originally it can not consider such situation.
Wherein:
In formula:
Re- Reynolds number (characterization flow patterns)
Big gas velocity, m/s outside the cave u-；
ν-air viscosity, m2/s；
L- grottoes depth, m.
In formula:
Gr- grashof number (size for characterizing free convection)；
G- acceleration of gravity；
Δ T- grottoes internal-external temperature difference, DEG C；
H- grottoes height, m.
2, grottoes grottoes inside and outside differential pressure Δ P under different ventilation law effects1Determination method.
2.1, whenWhen, the exchange flowing of grottoes inner air and outer air meets the ventilation of the big opening unilateral side under hot pressing function,
Its flowing law meets Bernoulli equation (4) and Warren formula (5):
In formula:
Q- grottoes inner air and outer air exchange capacity, m3/s；
CDThe air exchange coefficient of grottoes opening, dimensionless, value take 1；
AeffThe effective vent area of grottoes, m2；
Δ P- grottoes inside and outside differential pressure, Pa；
ρ-atmospheric density, kg/m3；
In formula:
QstackGrottoes inner air and outer air exchange capacity, m as caused by hot pressing3/s；
AeffThe effective vent area of grottoes, m2；
H- upper and lower opening height differences, m；
Δ T-grottoes internal-external temperature difference, DEG C；
Mean temperature in-grottoes, DEG C.
Compare Warren formula and bernoulli formula, it is availableWhen grottoes inside and outside differential pressure coincidence formula 6
It is described:
In formula:
ΔP1Gravity-flow ventilation acts on lower grottoes inside and outside differential pressure, Pa.
2.2, whenWhen, according to wind speed, wind direction outside cave internal-external temperature difference and cave, determine grottoes inside and outside differential pressure:
2.2.1, when wind direction is positive aweather outside cave: just aweather cold with cave inside and outside differential pressure, grottoes caused by hot pressing collective effect
Relational expression outside wall and the cave external environment temperature difference, cave between three variables of wind speed:
2.2.2, when wind direction is Parallel airflow outside cave: cave inside and outside differential pressure caused by Parallel airflow and hot pressing collective effect, grottoes are cold
Relational expression outside wall and the cave external environment temperature difference temperature difference, cave between three variables of wind speed:
3, the determination method of grottoes cave inside and outside differential pressure under gravity-flow ventilation driving force effect and under the influence of the door air-tightness of cave.
Architectural openings and gap are converted as effective air penetration area, the air-tightness of grottoes is measured with the index.When
When cave door is closed, grottoes inner air and outer air is only swapped by the ventilation shutter on the door of cave, flowing resistance of the air by opening
Power increases, and cave inside and outside differential pressure is caused to reduce, and needs to consider cave door air-tightness so that it is determined that cave inside and outside differential pressure.Reflect theoretical upper body
On present 9.The effective air penetration area and driving of the discharge coefficient c of air permeation characteristics equation and cave door known to formula 9
Cave inside and outside differential pressure caused by power determines.
In formula:
C- discharge coefficient, m3/(s·Pab)；
N- flow index, related with flow velocity, flow regime, value is between 0.5~1.
4, the air quantity control method of mechanical ventilation system.
(there is the gas flowed outward from grottoes always when passing through cave crack between a door and its frame gap, and its speed u that leaks out is not less than 0.5m/s
When, air outside cave can be effectively prevent to permeate to grottoes, according to the air velocity and the available ventilation area A of cave dooreff, calculate
Grottoes minimum inleakage is Q at this moment1(formula 10) can be calculated cave inside and outside differential pressure Δ P at this time using formula 112。
Q1=u × Aeff (10)
In formula:
Q1Can resist that air outside cave permeates to grottoes by minimum inleakage at the door opening of cave, m3/s。
Q1=c Δ P2 n (11)
In formula:
ΔP2Guarantee Q1Cave inside and outside differential pressure, Pa.
After grottoes are additionally arranged mechanical ventilation system, generated with the pressure difference of environment by three kinds of different effects inside grottoes,
The pressure head Δ P that hot pressing, wind pressure and mechanical fan generate3, it is shown below:
ΔP2=Δ P1+ΔP3 (12)
In formula:
ΔP3The cave inside and outside differential pressure that mechanical fan generates, Pa.
Then pressure value (the Δ P that emchanical air supply system provides3) it is equal to pressure value (the Δ P of door two sides2) subtract hot pressing, wind pressure
Act on pressure value (the Δ P generated1).The wherein Δ P under gravity-flow ventilation effect1There is positive value also to have a negative value, and the purpose of force ventilation
It is to make in grottoes that static pressure is all larger than atmospheric pressure everywhere, therefore Δ P herein1Take negative value.I.e.
ΔP3=Δ P2+|ΔP1| (13)
By Δ P3, to substitute into formula 14 be that can determine that mechanical ventilation system needs the air quantity Q that exports to c2:
Q2=c Δ P3 n (14)
In formula:
Q2Mechanical ventilation system needs the air quantity exported, m3/s。
When pressure increases to design value in cave, if continuing the air that the conveying into cave is greater than inleakage, it will cause in cave
Air pressure continues to increase, it is therefore desirable to open exhaust equipment, air output is equal to the summation of inleakage and exhaust air rate in cave, makes shape in cave
At stable air pressure environment.
The exhaust air rate Q of mechanical ventilation system at this time3:
Q3=Q2-Q1 (15)
The design method of mechanical ventilation system air quantity according to the present invention includes: clearly to cause Mogao Grottoes grottoes gravity-flow ventilation
Driving force, calculate the open state as caused by the driving force under cave inside and outside differential pressure value Δ P1；According to gap leak out speed and
The static pressure required in cave calculates the pressure difference Δ P needed inside and outside cave2；ΔP2With | Δ P1| summation be mechanical ventilation system
Need pressure value Δ P to be offered3, can determine the air quantity that mechanical ventilation system needs with this.
The air quantity control method of mechanical ventilation system in a kind of grottoes of the present invention, comprising the following steps:
1) grottoes internal and external temperature is acquired, grottoes inside and outside temperature difference Δ T is calculated；Acquire wind speed, wind direction outside cave；Acquire grottoes into
Depth and grottoes height；The active force divulged information in grottoes is judged by formula (3)；
If 2)Cave inside and outside differential pressure value Δ P under open state is calculated by formula (6)1；IfWhen the outer wind direction of its grottoes blows to grottoes, cave inside and outside differential pressure value Δ P under open state is calculated by formula 71,
When the parallel cave door of the outer wind direction of its grottoes, passes through formula (8) and calculate cave inside and outside differential pressure value Δ P under open state1；
3) discharge coefficient c is calculated by formula (9)；
4) it is Q that calculating machine air-supply, which acts on lower grottoes minimum inleakage,1, external pressure in cave at this time is calculated to obtain using formula (11)
Poor Δ P2；
5) the pressure value Δ P that calculating machine supply air system provides3, the pressure value that emchanical air supply system provides is equal to grottoes door
The pressure absolute value that the pressure value of two sides is generated plus hot pressing, Action of Wind pressure:
ΔP3=Δ P2+|ΔP1| (13)
By Δ P3, c substitutes into formula (14) and calculates and determine that mechanical ventilation system needs the air quantity Q that exports2；Control mechanical air supply system
The air quantity Q to unite according to calculating2Control system air output when pressure reaches design value in cave, while opening exhaust system, according to
The air quantity Q of calculating3Control system exhaust air rate makes the pressure difference inside and outside grottoes be maintained Δ P3, can effectively prevent outside grottoes
Highly humid air penetrates into grottoes.
Claims (5)
1. the minimum air quantity control method of mechanical ventilation system in grottoes, which comprises the following steps:
1) grottoes internal and external temperature is acquired, grottoes inside and outside temperature difference Δ T is calculated；Acquire wind speed, wind direction outside cave；Acquire grottoes height and
Depth；The active force divulged information in grottoes is judged by the parameter of acquisition；
2) according to the active force of the ventilation obtained in step 1), cave inside and outside differential pressure value Δ P under open state is calculated1；
3) according to cave inside and outside differential pressure value Δ P under open state1Calculate discharge coefficient c；
4) it is Q that calculating machine air-supply, which acts on lower grottoes minimum inleakage,1, then calculate to obtain grottoes inside and outside differential pressure Δ P at this time2；
5) the pressure value Δ P that calculating machine supply air system provides3, the pressure value that emchanical air supply system provides is equal to grottoes door two sides
Pressure value plus hot pressing, Action of Wind pressure generate pressure absolute value:
ΔP3=Δ P2+|ΔP1| (13)
Pass through Δ P3The air quantity Q for determining that mechanical ventilation system needs to export is calculated with c2；Mechanical ventilation system according to calculating air quantity
Q2Control system minimum supply air rate, until air pressure is greater than outside atmosphere pressure Δ P in cave3When, exhaust blower is opened, exhaust air rate is
Air output Q2With inleakage Q1Difference Q3, air balance is formed in cave at this time, pressure no longer increases in cave, makes to be formed in cave steady
Fixed micro-positive pressure environment.
2. the minimum air quantity control method of mechanical ventilation system in grottoes according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
1) active force divulged information in grottoes is judged by formula (3) in:
Wherein:
Re- Reynolds number；
Air velocity outside the cave u-, m/s；
ν-air viscosity, m2/s；
L- grottoes depth, m；
Gr- grashof number；
G- acceleration of gravity；
Δ T- grottoes internal-external temperature difference, DEG C；
H- grottoes height, m；
WhenWhen, cave inside and outside differential pressure value Δ P under open state is calculated by formula (6)1；
Wherein, ρ-atmospheric density, kg/m3；Mean temperature in-grottoes, DEG C；
WhenWhen, if the outer wind direction of grottoes blows to grottoes, calculated under open state inside and outside cave by formula (7)
Pressure difference Δ P1；If passing through formula (8) when the parallel cave door of the outer wind direction of grottoes and calculating cave inside and outside differential pressure value Δ P under open state1；
3. the minimum air quantity control method of mechanical ventilation system in grottoes according to claim 2, which is characterized in that step
3) discharge coefficient is calculated according to formula (9) in:
In formula:
C- discharge coefficient, m3/(s·Pab)；
CDThe air exchange coefficient of grottoes opening, dimensionless；
AeffThe effective vent area of grottoes, m2；
N- flow index, value is between 0.5~1.
4. the minimum air quantity control method of mechanical ventilation system in grottoes according to claim 3, which is characterized in that step
4) it specifically includes:
Q1=u × Aeff (10)
In formula:
Q1Can resist that air outside cave permeates to grottoes by minimum inleakage at the door opening of cave, m3/s；
Q1=c Δ P2 n (11)
In formula:
ΔP2Guarantee Q1Cave inside and outside differential pressure, Pa.
5. the minimum air quantity control method of mechanical ventilation system in grottoes according to claim 4, which is characterized in that step
5) the air output Q needed in by formula (14) calculating machine ventilating system2:
Q2=c Δ P3 n (14)
The exhaust air rate Q needed by formula (15) calculating machine ventilating system3:
Q3=Q2-Q1 (15)。
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| JPS57136041A (en) * | 1981-02-18 | 1982-08-21 | Tatsuya Amashita | Controlling method for air current between two adjacent chambers |
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| CN104676831A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-06-03 | 机械工业仪器仪表综合技术经济研究所 | Control method for cavern microenvironment regulation control system |
| CN105928164A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-09-07 | 华中科技大学 | Positive-pressure control system applicable to area air purifying |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57136041A (en) * | 1981-02-18 | 1982-08-21 | Tatsuya Amashita | Controlling method for air current between two adjacent chambers |
| CN2406237Y (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2000-11-15 | 中国建筑科学研究院建筑物理研究所 | Dynamic wind-pressure performance field testing apparatus for door and window of buildings |
| CN101737903A (en) * | 2009-12-04 | 2010-06-16 | 上海理工大学 | Microenvironment thermal comfortableness multifunctional automatic regulation meter |
| CN104676831A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-06-03 | 机械工业仪器仪表综合技术经济研究所 | Control method for cavern microenvironment regulation control system |
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