CN106594840B - 一种直膨式太阳能热泵与污水源热泵耦合供热系统 - Google Patents

一种直膨式太阳能热泵与污水源热泵耦合供热系统 Download PDF

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CN106594840B
CN106594840B CN201611216610.0A CN201611216610A CN106594840B CN 106594840 B CN106594840 B CN 106594840B CN 201611216610 A CN201611216610 A CN 201611216610A CN 106594840 B CN106594840 B CN 106594840B
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CN106594840A (zh
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姚伟君
毕海洋
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Dalian Baoguang energy saving air conditioning Co.,Ltd.
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/005Hot-water central heating systems combined with solar energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/02Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
    • F24D11/0214Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
    • F24D11/0221Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system combined with solar energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/02Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
    • F24D11/0214Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
    • F24D11/0235Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system with recuperation of waste energy
    • F24D11/025Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system with recuperation of waste energy contained in waste water
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/18Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/002Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
    • F25B27/005Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy in compression type systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/02Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using waste heat, e.g. from internal-combustion engines
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/31Expansion valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/274Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies using waste energy, e.g. from internal combustion engine
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

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Abstract

一种直膨式太阳能热泵与污水源热泵耦合供热系统。其特征在于:直膨式太阳能热泵系统通过设置相变蓄热装置,使制冷剂蒸发温度维持在一定的范围内,从而大大降低太阳能辐射强度的变化对系统稳定性的影响;通过蓄热水箱对太阳能进行储存,并对中介水进行预热,从而将直膨式太阳能热泵系统制取的热量有效传递给热用户,进而完成太阳能集热、蓄热技术与污水源热泵的有效耦合。本发明的益处与效果是有效解决了解决太阳能资源的间歇性与不稳定性问题,保证了系统能够稳定供能,大幅提高系统性能,高效环保。

Description

一种直膨式太阳能热泵与污水源热泵耦合供热系统
技术领域
本发明属于能源利用技术领域,涉及到一种直膨式太阳能热泵与污水源热泵耦合供热系统。
背景技术
污水冷热源的利用,可以缓解目前能源紧张的形势,有着良好的节能效果、环保效益与经济效益,将节约日益紧缺的淡水资源,为能源利用开辟新的领域,为综合全面利用水资源提供一条新的思路。太阳能取之不尽,用之不竭,是清洁的可再生能源。我国幅员辽阔,太阳能资源非常丰富。太阳辐射具有分散性,集热器是收集太阳能,并将之转化为热能的设备,集热器的性能直接影响收集到的太阳能的质量。同时,太阳辐射变化具有随机性,在使用时需要与其他热源结合,以保证系统能够稳定供能。热泵系统是一种性能优越的供冷供暖系统,与太阳能结合,二者互为补益,能够进一步提高节能效果。直膨式太阳能热泵将太阳集热器和热泵蒸发器合二为一,结合了太阳能热利用技术和热泵节能技术的优点,能够显著提高系统的蒸发温度和COP值。因此,将高性能的集热器与热泵系统相结合组成的太阳能热泵系统用于建筑空调领域,可以有效降低建筑能耗,调整我国能源结构,已成为当今太阳能利用技术研究的一个热点。
目前解决太阳能资源的间歇性与不稳定性问题,如何研发高效率的太阳能集热、蓄热技术与污水源热泵进行耦合成为推广应用的瓶颈。
发明内容
在以往直膨式太阳能热泵系统中,蓄热装置的作用为储存制冷剂在冷凝过程中放出的热量,而本发明目的在于,在直膨式太阳能热泵系统中增加相变蓄热装置储存制冷剂直接吸收的太阳辐射能量,由于相变温度在一定范围内,制冷剂在流经蓄热装置后温度也能维持在相应的范围内,达到维持蒸发温度的目的,从而保证太阳能热泵的稳定供能;同时直膨式太阳能热泵系统制取出来的热水通过蓄热水箱进行储存,并对污水源热泵的中介水进行预热,从而达到高效利用太阳能的目的。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的,整个系统是由污水干渠(1)、污水泵(2)、自动除污装置(3)、污水换热器(4)、污水回水管(5)、中介水循环泵(6)、蓄热水箱(7)、电子膨胀阀(8)、太阳能集热器(9)、控制阀A(10)、控制阀B(11)、相变蓄热装置(12)、压缩机(13)、污水源热泵机组(14)、用户侧循环泵(15)、热用户(16)等组成。整个系统主要分为三个循环系统:直膨式太阳能热泵系统、污水循环系统与中介水循环系统等。
直膨式太阳能热泵系统:制冷剂通过太阳能集热器(9)吸收太阳能,依次进入相变蓄热装置(12)、压缩机(13)、蓄热水箱(7)、电子膨胀阀(8),完成一个闭合回路,制冷剂在该回路中完成吸热、换热、被压缩、放热、节流的循环过程,最终蓄热水箱中的水吸收制冷剂放出的热量,并将热量储存起来。根据太阳辐射强度的大小,直膨式太阳能热泵系统运行模式共有三种模式:
供热模式
当太阳能辐射强度适合时,控制阀A(10)打开,控制阀B(11)关闭,系统不需要开启相变蓄热装置(12),制冷剂由太阳能集热器(9)直接进入压缩机(13)被压缩成高温高压的气体后进人蓄热水箱(7)冷凝放热。
蓄热模式
当太阳能辐射强度很高时,控制阀A(10)关闭,控制阀B(11)打开,系统开启相变蓄热装置(12),此时由太阳能集热器(9)流出的制冷剂的温度过高且有较高的过热度,如果直接进入压缩机(13),会对压缩机(13)有不利影响,在流入压缩机(13)之前经过相变蓄热装置(12)蓄热,可以使蒸发温度保持在一定温度。
放热模式
当太阳能辐射强度比较低时,制冷剂蒸发温度降低,系统性能降低,此时相变蓄热装置(12)将储存热量释放给制冷剂,可以使制冷剂温度升高,提高蒸发温度,进而提高系统性能。运行方式和制冷剂的循环路线同蓄热模式,只是相变蓄热装置(12)的工作状态为放热。
污水循环系统:污水干渠(1)中污水由污水泵(2)抽入自动除污装置(3)中,大型污杂物被去除;过滤后的污水进入污水换热器(4)与中介水进行换热,换热后污水经污水回水管(5)排到污水干渠(1)的下游。
中介水循环系统:中介水在中介水循环泵(6)的驱动下,进入污水换热器(4)提取污水中的热量,然后通过蓄热水箱(7)被进一步加热,然后进入污水源热泵机组(14)内的蒸发器将热量释放,从而完成一个循环。污水源热泵机组(14)制出可以供热的高温水,通过用户侧循环泵(15)被送入热用户(16)进行供热。
同以前已有的技术相比,本发明具有实质性特点和显著的进步,本发明中直膨式太阳能热泵系统通过设置相变蓄热装置,使制冷剂蒸发温度维持在一定的范围内,从而大大降低太阳能辐射强度的变化对系统稳定性的影响;通过蓄热水箱对太阳能进行储存,并对中介水进行预热,从而将直膨式太阳能热泵系统制取的热量有效传递给热用户,进而完成太阳能集热、蓄热技术与污水源热泵的有效耦合。本发明的益处与效果是有效解决了解决太阳能资源的间歇性与不稳定性问题,保证了系统能够稳定供能,大幅提高系统性能,高效环保。
附图说明
图1为本发明专利原理示意图。
图中:1污水干渠、2污水泵、3自动除污装置、4污水换热器、5污水回水管、6中介水循环泵、7蓄热水箱、8电子膨胀阀、9太阳能集热(蒸发)器、10控制阀A、11控制阀B、12相变蓄热装置、13压缩机、14污水源热泵机组、15用户侧循环泵、16热用户
具体实施方式
以下结合附图与技术方案详细叙述本发明的具体实施方式:
如图1所示,制冷剂通过太阳能集热器(9)吸收太阳能,依次进入相变蓄热装置(12)、压缩机(13)、蓄热水箱(7)、电子膨胀阀(8),完成一个闭合回路,最终将太阳能储存在蓄热水箱(7)中。污水干渠(1)中污水由污水泵(2)抽入自动除污装置(3)中,大型污杂物被去除;过滤后的污水进入污水换热器(4)与中介水进行换热,换热后污水经污水回水管(5)排到污水干渠(1)的下游。中介水在中介水循环泵(6)的驱动下,进入污水换热器(4)提取污水中的热量,然后通过蓄热水箱(7)被进一步加热,然后进入污水源热泵机组(14)内的蒸发器将热量释放,从而完成一个循环。污水源热泵机组(14)制出高温水,通过用户侧循环泵(15)被送入热用户(16)进行供热。

Claims (2)

1.一种直膨式太阳能热泵与污水源热泵耦合供热系统,包括污水干渠(1)、污水泵(2)、自动除污装置(3)、污水换热器(4)、污水回水管(5)、中介水循环泵(6)、蓄热水箱(7)、电子膨胀阀(8)、太阳能集热器(9)、控制阀A(10)、控制阀B(11)、相变蓄热装置(12)、压缩机(13)、污水源热泵机组(14)、用户侧循环泵(15)、热用户(16)等组成,其特征在于:
在直膨式太阳能热泵系统中增加相变蓄热装置储存制冷剂直接吸收的太阳辐射能量,保证太阳能热泵的稳定供能;同时直膨式太阳能热泵系统制取出来的热水通过蓄热水箱进行储存,并对污水源热泵的中介水进行预热,从而达到高效利用太阳能的目的;
污水干渠(1)通过管路依次与污水泵(1)、自动除污装置(3)、污水换热器(4)与污水回水管(5)连接;
中介水循环泵(6)通过管路依次与污水换热器(4)、蓄热水箱(7)与污水源热泵机组(14)连接;
电子膨胀阀(8)通过管路连接太阳能集热器(9),太阳能集热器(9)分成两个支路,支路一依次连接控制阀B(11)与相变蓄热装置(12)、支路二上设置控制阀A(10),两支路汇合后通过管路依次连接压缩机(13)与蓄热水箱(7);
用户侧循环泵(15)通过管路依次与污水源热泵机组(14)与热用户(16)连接;
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种直膨式太阳能热泵与污水源热泵耦合供热系统,其中的直膨式太阳能热泵系统,其特征在于,根据太阳辐射强度的大小,直膨式太阳能热泵系统实现三种运行模式,
①供热模式:
当太阳能辐射强度适合时,控制阀A(10)打开,控制阀B(11)关闭,系统不需要开启相变蓄热装置(12),制冷剂由太阳能集热器(9)直接进入压缩机(13)被压缩成高温高压的气体后进人蓄热水箱(7)冷凝放热;
②蓄热模式:
当太阳能辐射强度很高时,控制阀A(10)关闭,控制阀B(11)打开,系统开启相变蓄热装置(12),此时由太阳能集热器(9)流出的制冷剂的温度过高且有较高的过热度,如果直接进入压缩机(13),会对压缩机(13)有不利影响,在流入压缩机(13)之前经过相变蓄热装置(12)蓄热,可以使蒸发温度保持在一定温度;
③放热模式:
当太阳能辐射强度比较低时,制冷剂蒸发温度降低,系统性能降低,此时相变蓄热装置(12)将储存热量释放给制冷剂,可以使制冷剂温度升高,提高蒸发温度,进而提高系统性能;运行方式和制冷剂的循环路线同蓄热模式,只是相变蓄热装置(12)的工作状态为放热。
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