CN106591926B - In the method that steel surface prepares the porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst of CNTs- - Google Patents
In the method that steel surface prepares the porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst of CNTs- Download PDFInfo
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- CN106591926B CN106591926B CN201611128354.XA CN201611128354A CN106591926B CN 106591926 B CN106591926 B CN 106591926B CN 201611128354 A CN201611128354 A CN 201611128354A CN 106591926 B CN106591926 B CN 106591926B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
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- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
- C25B11/073—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C25B11/091—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier characterised by the electrocatalyst material consisting of at least one catalytic element and at least one catalytic compound; consisting of two or more catalytic elements or catalytic compounds
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Abstract
In the method that steel surface prepares the porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst of CNTs, the present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods being electrolysed evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst as alkaline solution.The present invention is to solve the poor problems of base metal evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst performance in alkaline solution at present.In the method that steel surface prepares the porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst of CNTs:(1) preparation of monel CNTs composite platings solution;(2) preparation of copper leachate;(3) steel pre-treatment;(4) CNTs monels are prepared in steel surface;(5) CNTs porous nickels are prepared in steel surface;(6) the porous nickel nickels of CNTs are prepared in steel surface, the porous nickel nickel composite catalytic layers of CNTs with good evolving hydrogen reaction catalytic activity is prepared in steel surface, be conducive to the raising for being electrolysed evolving hydrogen reaction non-precious metal catalyst performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the preparation fields of evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst, are related to a kind of prepared in steel surface and are used for alkaline solution
The method for being electrolysed the porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst of CNTs- of liberation of hydrogen.
Background technology
Electrolysis water prepares the important means that high-purity hydrogen is industrial hydrogen production, wherein the electrolytic hydrogen production research in alkaline solution
It is more ripe, using also more extensive.The principle of electrolytic hydrogen production is exactly the alkali using sodium hydroxide as conductive salt in alkaline solution
Property solution in hydrone generate hydrogen atom and hydroxyl, hydroxyl in cathodic reduction and aoxidized in anode, generation hydrone
And oxygen atom, it continues to be combined with each other in the hydrogen atom that cathodic reduction generates, finally be released in the form of hydrogen.Cause
This, during electrolytic hydrogen production, the selection of cathode hydrogen evolution catalysts is most important, and it is also primary not only to influence hydrone
At hydrogen atom and reaction activity hydroxy, and it can determine that hydrogen atom be combined with each other and the kinetic parameter of hydrogen is precipitated.
Good cathode hydrogen evolution catalysts can reduce hydrone reduction and generate hydrogen atom and reaction activity hydroxy, also
It is the electrochemical reversibility for improving electric charge transfer step, reduces the activation polarization of liberation of hydrogen process.Just because of this, selection is suitable
Cathode hydrogen evolution catalysts can improve the efficiency that energy in electrolytic hydrogen production process is converted, avoid electric energy from being converted to thermal energy and release
It runs out, to reduce the energy consumption of liberation of hydrogen process.
However, maximally efficient, reliable material is noble metal platinum in current evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst, although it can be dropped
The activation energy of low electrolysis liberation of hydrogen is to save the cost of electric energy, but the price of high enterprise is again so that manufacturing enterprise powerlessly buys.Therefore, it selects
The liberation of hydrogen catalyst for advantageously reducing liberation of hydrogen process activation polarization is selected to reduce energy consumption, with selection liberation of hydrogen process electrochemistry pole
Changing non-precious metal catalyst that is bigger but can reducing catalyst input cost becomes the choice that electrolytic hydrogen production field must face.Cause
This, if can prepare, overpotential of hydrogen evolution is low, and catalyst input cost also very low base metal evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst, will
The technical barrier that can overcome electrolytic hydrogen production that can not avoid.
In numerous base metal evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst, nickel has preferable catalytic activity, while moderate, therefore
Especially favored by electrolytic hydrogen production field.However, its catalytic activity cannot still be met the requirements, overpotential of hydrogen evolution and noble metal platinum
Compared to there are still larger gaps.Therefore, current many scientific research institutions are all to the nickel catalyst material as electrolytic hydrogen production field
Keen interest is produced, many work have been done in terms of the preparation modification of nickel-based metallic material.If can from geometrical factor with
And if the aspect of capacity factor two is simultaneously modified nickel-base catalyst, prepare that catalysis area is big, electrolysis liberation of hydrogen activation energy
Low novel nickel-base catalyst, preparation field and electrolytic hydrogen production field to evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst will all generate far-reaching shadow
It rings.
Invention content
The present invention is to solve the base metal evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst liberation of hydrogen work that liberation of hydrogen is electrolysed currently used for alkaline solution
Change can higher, problem that energy conversion efficiency is relatively low, and a kind of prepared in steel surface is provided and is electrolysed liberation of hydrogen for alkaline solution
The porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst of CNTs- method.
The present invention's prepares the method for the porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst of CNTs- according to following in steel surface
Step carries out:
(1) preparation of monel-CNTs composite platings solution:A. the cetyl trimethyl of 0.1 ~ 2.0 g is weighed
Ammonium bromide is added in 800 mL deionized waters, is stirred at room temperature after 20 min, and the carbon nanotube of 0.2 ~ 1.0 g is added;
B. it is stirred at 25 DEG C and 1.5 h is handled using ultrasonic cell disruptor after 0.5 h;C. step b is repeated 1 ~ 5 time;d.
According to a concentration of 35 ~ 65 g/L of ammonium citrate, a concentration of 5 ~ 30 g/L of sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate, nickel sulfate a concentration of 8 ~ 50
G/L, copper sulphate a concentration of 2 ~ 25 g/L ratio, ammonium citrate, sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate, nickel sulfate and copper sulphate are sequentially added
Solution after step c processing, adjustment pH are 7.5 ~ 8.5, complete the preparation of monel-CNTs composite plating solution;
(2) preparation of copper leachate:E. the temperature by the thiocarbamide of the sulfuric acid of 10 ~ 100 mL and 10 ~ 120 g at 40 ~ 70 DEG C
It is dissolved under degree in 700mL deionized waters, is settled to 1 L, complete the preparation of copper leachate;
(3) steel pre-treatment:F. will steel immerse acetone in be ultrasonically treated 2 ~ 5 min, after washing immerse temperature be 35 ~
40 DEG C, concentration expressed in percentage by volume be 5 ~ 8% hydrochloric acid solution in 1 ~ 3 min of etch, after washing complete steel pre-treatment;
(4) CNTs- monels are prepared in steel surface:G. it will pass through the steel immersion step after step (3) processing
Suddenly it, as anode, is 0.5 in current density that cathode, graphite cake are used as in the monel-CNTs composite plating solution that (1) is prepared
~5.0 A/dm2And applies the electro-deposition h of 10 min ~ 3 under conditions of stirring, pass through one tap water cleaning, three later
It completes to prepare CNTs- monels in steel surface after deionized water cleaning;
(5) CNTs- porous nickels are prepared in steel surface:H. steel/CNTs- the monels prepared by step (4) are multiple
Condensation material immerses 2 ~ 12 h in the copper leachate that step (2) is prepared, and temperature is 40 ~ 70 DEG C, and it is clear to pass through one of tap water later
It washes, complete to prepare CNTs- porous nickels in steel surface after the cleaning of three deionized waters;
(6) the porous nickel nickels of CNTs- are prepared in steel surface:I. steel/the CNTs- prepared by step (5) is porous
Nickel composite material is put into 0.25 ~ 12 h of immersion in 30% hydrogen peroxide, and temperature is 40 ~ 60 DEG C, then cleaned by one of tap water,
Cold wind dries up after the cleaning of three deionized waters, and 0.5 ~ 3 h is heat-treated at 100 DEG C, completes steel surface CNTs- porous nickels/oxygen
Change the preparation of nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst.
The method for preparing the porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst of CNTs- in steel surface of the present invention passes through in steel
Iron surface prepares CNTs- monel composite deposites, and monel can be made to be grown in carbon nanotube extension, not only increases multiple
The electric conductivity of condensation material, and increase real table area;And then made for CNTs- porous nickels by dissolving out the copper in alloy
Real table area further dramatically increases, and the catalytic activity of catalyst is improved in geometrical factor;Finally by nickel surface
Nickel oxide is obtained, and reduces the liberation of hydrogen activation energy of material, the catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution of catalyst is improved in capacity factor angle.
Therefore, evolving hydrogen reaction activation can be significantly reduced by preparing the porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst of CNTs- in steel surface
Can, reduce the energy expenditure that liberation of hydrogen is electrolysed in alkaline solution.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the SEM image for testing CNTs- porous nickels/nickel oxide composite material that one prepares in steel surface;
Fig. 2 is that the porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst of steel/CNTs- prepared by experiment one is molten in 1.0 M NaOH
In liquid, cathode-current density be 200 mA/cm2Under conditions of the time-potential curve that measures.
Specific implementation mode
Specific implementation mode one:Present embodiment is urged in the steel surface preparation porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reactions of CNTs-
The method of agent carries out according to the following steps:
(1) preparation of monel-CNTs composite platings solution:A. the cetyl trimethyl of 0.1 ~ 2.0 g is weighed
Ammonium bromide is added in 800 mL deionized waters, is stirred at room temperature after 20 min, and the carbon nanotube of 0.2 ~ 1.0 g is added;
B. it is stirred at 25 DEG C and 1.5 h is handled using ultrasonic cell disruptor after 0.5 h;C. step b is repeated 1 ~ 5 time;d.
According to a concentration of 35 ~ 65 g/L of ammonium citrate, a concentration of 5 ~ 30 g/L of sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate, nickel sulfate a concentration of 8 ~ 50
G/L, copper sulphate a concentration of 2 ~ 25 g/L ratio, ammonium citrate, sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate, nickel sulfate and copper sulphate are sequentially added
Solution after step c processing, adjustment pH are 7.5 ~ 8.5, complete the preparation of monel-CNTs composite plating solution;
(2) preparation of copper leachate:E. the temperature by the thiocarbamide of the sulfuric acid of 10 ~ 100 mL and 10 ~ 120 g at 40 ~ 70 DEG C
It is dissolved under degree in 700mL deionized waters, is settled to 1 L, complete the preparation of copper leachate;
(3) steel pre-treatment:F. will steel immerse acetone in be ultrasonically treated 2 ~ 5 min, after washing immerse temperature be 35 ~
40 DEG C, concentration expressed in percentage by volume be 5 ~ 8% hydrochloric acid solution in 1 ~ 3 min of etch, after washing complete steel pre-treatment;
(4) CNTs- monels are prepared in steel surface:G. it will pass through the steel immersion step after step (3) processing
Suddenly it, as anode, is 0.5 in current density that cathode, graphite cake are used as in the monel-CNTs composite plating solution that (1) is prepared
~5.0 A/dm2And applies the electro-deposition h of 10 min ~ 3 under conditions of stirring, pass through one tap water cleaning, three later
It completes to prepare CNTs- monels in steel surface after deionized water cleaning;
(5) CNTs- porous nickels are prepared in steel surface:H. steel/CNTs- the monels prepared by step (4) are multiple
Condensation material immerses 2 ~ 12 h in the copper leachate that step (2) is prepared, and temperature is 40 ~ 70 DEG C, and it is clear to pass through one of tap water later
It washes, complete to prepare CNTs- porous nickels in steel surface after the cleaning of three deionized waters;
(6) the porous nickel nickels of CNTs- are prepared in steel surface:I. steel/the CNTs- prepared by step (5) is porous
Nickel composite material is put into 0.25 ~ 12 h of immersion in 30% hydrogen peroxide, and temperature is 40 ~ 60 DEG C, then cleaned by one of tap water,
Cold wind dries up after the cleaning of three deionized waters, and 0.5 ~ 3 h is heat-treated at 100 DEG C, completes steel surface CNTs- porous nickels/oxygen
Change the preparation of nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst.
The method for preparing the porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst of CNTs- in steel surface of present embodiment passes through
CNTs- monel composite deposites are prepared in steel surface, monel can be made to be grown in carbon nanotube extension, not only increased
The electric conductivity of composite material, and increase real table area;And then by dissolving out the copper in alloy for CNTs- porous nickels
So that real table area further dramatically increases, the catalytic activity of catalyst is improved in geometrical factor;Finally by nickel
Surface obtains nickel oxide, and reduces the liberation of hydrogen activation energy of material, and the liberation of hydrogen catalysis of catalyst is improved in capacity factor angle
Activity.Therefore, present embodiment can be shown by preparing the porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst of CNTs- in steel surface
Writing reduces evolving hydrogen reaction activation energy, reduces the energy expenditure that liberation of hydrogen is electrolysed in alkaline solution.
Specific implementation mode two:The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the sulphur described in the d of step (1)
A concentration of 12 ~ 40 g/L of sour nickel, a concentration of 3 ~ 20 g/L of the copper sulphate.It is other same as the specific embodiment one.
Specific implementation mode three:The present embodiment is different from the first and the second embodiment in that the electricity in step (4) is heavy
The product time is the h of 20 min ~ 2.It is other the same as one or two specific embodiments.
Specific implementation mode four:It will in step (6) unlike one of present embodiment and specific implementation mode one to three
The time that the porous nickel composite materials of steel/CNTs- impregnate in 30% hydrogen peroxide is 0.5 ~ 10 h.Other and specific implementation mode
One of one to three is identical.
With following verification experimental verification beneficial effects of the present invention:
Experiment one:The method for preparing the porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst of CNTs- in steel surface of this experiment is pressed
Following steps carry out:
(1) preparation of monel-CNTs composite platings solution:A. the cetyl trimethyl bromination of 0.8 g is weighed
Ammonium is added in 800 mL deionized waters, is stirred at room temperature after 20 min, and the carbon nanotube of 0.6 g is added;B. 25
0.5 h is stirred at DEG C, and 1.5 h are handled using ultrasonic cell disruptor later;C. step b is repeated 5 times;D. according to citric acid
A concentration of 45 g/L of ammonium, a concentration of 25 g/L of sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate, a concentration of 12 g/L of nickel sulfate, copper sulphate it is a concentration of
Ammonium citrate, sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate, nickel sulfate and copper sulphate are sequentially added the solution after step c processing by the ratio of 17 g/L,
It is 7.5 to adjust pH, completes the preparation of monel-CNTs composite plating solution;
(2) preparation of copper leachate:E. the thiocarbamide of the sulfuric acid of 80 mL and 100 g are dissolved at a temperature of 60 DEG C
In 700mL deionized waters, it is settled to 1 L, completes the preparation of copper leachate;
(3) steel pre-treatment:F. steel is immersed in acetone and is ultrasonically treated 4 min, it is 35 that temperature is immersed after washing
DEG C, concentration expressed in percentage by volume be 5% hydrochloric acid solution in 3 min of etch, after washing complete steel pre-treatment;
(4) CNTs- monels are prepared in steel surface:G. it will pass through the steel immersion step after step (3) processing
Suddenly it, as anode, is 2.0 in current density that cathode, graphite cake are used as in the monel-CNTs composite plating solution that (1) is prepared
A/dm2And applies 30 min of electro-deposition under conditions of stirring, pass through one of tap water cleaning, the cleaning of three deionized waters later
After complete steel surface prepare CNTs- monels;
(5) CNTs- porous nickels are prepared in steel surface:H. steel/CNTs- the monels prepared by step (4) are multiple
Condensation material immerses 6 h in the copper leachate that step (2) is prepared, and temperature is 50 DEG C, passes through one tap water cleaning, three later
It completes to prepare CNTs- porous nickels in steel surface after deionized water cleaning;
(6) the porous nickel nickels of CNTs- are prepared in steel surface:I. steel/the CNTs- prepared by step (5) is porous
Nickel composite material, which is put into 30% hydrogen peroxide, impregnates 1 h, and temperature is 50 DEG C, then pass through one tap water clean, three go from
Cold wind dries up after sub- water cleaning, and 1 h is heat-treated at 100 DEG C, completes the porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reactions of steel surface CNTs-
The preparation of catalyst.
This experiment is as shown in Figure 1 in the SEM image of CNTs- porous nickels/nickel oxide composite material prepared by steel surface.From
Monel known to Fig. 1 is co-deposited with CNTs in steel surface, and the growth pattern for obtaining composite deposite is metal in the outer of CNTs
Epitaxial growth, porous nickel skeleton is attached to CNTs extensions after leaching copper, and being generated after subsequent heat treatment oxidation has very high ratio
CNTs- porous nickels/nickel oxide composite material of surface area.
This experiment prepare the porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst of steel/CNTs- in 1.0 M NaOH solutions,
Cathode-current density is 200 mA/cm2Under conditions of the time-potential curve that measures it is as shown in Figure 2.As can be seen from Figure 2, this examination
It is steady to test overpotential of hydrogen evolution of the porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst of steel/CNTs- of preparation in 1.0 M NaOH solutions
It is scheduled on 180 mV or so(Steel is in 200 mA/cm2Overpotential of hydrogen evolution under current density>570 mV), there is good catalysis
Activity.
The porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst of steel/CNTs- prepared by this experiment is small in continuous electrolysis hydrogen manufacturing 960
When after, catalyst structure is well not corrupted, and overpotential of hydrogen evolution illustrates to prepare using this method still within 190 mV
Evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst performance stabilised.
Claims (4)
1. in the method that steel surface prepares the porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst of CNTs-, it is characterised in that in steel table
The method that face prepares the porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst of CNTs- carries out according to the following steps:
(1) preparation of monel-CNTs composite platings solution:A. the cetyl trimethyl bromination of 0.1 ~ 2.0 g is weighed
Ammonium is added in 800 mL deionized waters, is stirred at room temperature after 20 min, and the carbon nanotube of 0.2 ~ 1.0 g is added;b.
It is stirred at 25 DEG C and 1.5 h is handled using ultrasonic cell disruptor after 0.5 h;C. step b is repeated 1 ~ 5 time;D. it presses
According to a concentration of 8 ~ 50 g/ of a concentration of 35 ~ 65 g/L of ammonium citrate, a concentration of 5 ~ 30 g/L of sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate, nickel sulfate
L, the ratio of a concentration of 2 ~ 25 g/L of copper sulphate, step is sequentially added by ammonium citrate, sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate, nickel sulfate and copper sulphate
Solution after rapid c processing, adjustment pH are 7.5 ~ 8.5, complete the preparation of monel-CNTs composite plating solution;
(2) preparation of copper leachate:E. by the thiocarbamide of the sulfuric acid of 10 ~ 100 mL and 10 ~ 120 g at a temperature of 40 ~ 70 DEG C
It is dissolved in 700mL deionized waters, is settled to 1 L, complete the preparation of copper leachate;
(3) steel pre-treatment:F. steel is immersed and is ultrasonically treated 2 ~ 5 min in acetone, it is 35 ~ 40 that temperature is immersed after washing
DEG C, concentration expressed in percentage by volume be 5 ~ 8% hydrochloric acid solution in 1 ~ 3 min of etch, after washing complete steel pre-treatment;
(4) CNTs- monels are prepared in steel surface:G. it will pass through the steel immersion step (1) after step (3) processing
It, as anode, is 0.5 ~ 5.0 in current density that cathode, graphite cake are used as in the monel-CNTs composite plating solution of preparation
A/dm2And applies the electro-deposition h of 10 min ~ 3 under conditions of stirring, pass through one tap water cleaning, three deionizations later
It completes to prepare CNTs- monels in steel surface after water cleaning;
(5) CNTs- porous nickels are prepared in steel surface:H. steel/CNTs- monel the composite woods prepared by step (4)
Expect to immerse 2 ~ 12 h in the copper leachate that step (2) is prepared, temperature is 40 ~ 70 DEG C, passes through one tap water cleaning, three later
It completes to prepare CNTs- porous nickels in steel surface after road deionized water cleaning;
(6) the porous nickel nickels of CNTs- are prepared in steel surface:I. steel/CNTs- the porous nickels prepared by step (5) are multiple
Condensation material is put into 0.25 ~ 12 h of immersion in 30% hydrogen peroxide, and temperature is 40 ~ 60 DEG C, then passes through one tap water cleaning, three
Cold wind dries up after deionized water cleaning, and 0.5 ~ 3 h is heat-treated at 100 DEG C, completes the porous nickel nickels of steel surface CNTs-
The preparation of evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst.
2. the side according to claim 1 for preparing the porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst of CNTs- in steel surface
Method, it is characterised in that a concentration of 12 ~ 40 g/L of the nickel sulfate described in the d of step (1), the copper sulphate a concentration of 3 ~
20 g/L。
3. the side according to claim 1 for preparing the porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst of CNTs- in steel surface
Method, it is characterised in that the electrodeposition time in step (4) is the h of 20 min ~ 2.
4. the side according to claim 1 for preparing the porous nickel nickel evolving hydrogen reaction catalyst of CNTs- in steel surface
Method, it is characterised in that the time for impregnating the porous nickel composite materials of steel/CNTs- in 30% hydrogen peroxide in step (6) be 0.5 ~
10 h。
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