CN106574747A - 用于车辆罐体的安全装置 - Google Patents

用于车辆罐体的安全装置 Download PDF

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CN106574747A
CN106574747A CN201480079981.1A CN201480079981A CN106574747A CN 106574747 A CN106574747 A CN 106574747A CN 201480079981 A CN201480079981 A CN 201480079981A CN 106574747 A CN106574747 A CN 106574747A
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safety device
lid
housing
fuel tank
relief valve
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CN106574747B (zh
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西古德·松德雷格
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Volvo Truck Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/035—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/063—Arrangement of tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/005—Storage of gas or gaseous mixture at high pressure and at high density condition, e.g. in the single state phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/12—Arrangements or mounting of devices for preventing or minimising the effect of explosion ; Other safety measures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/063—Arrangement of tanks
    • B60K15/067—Mounting of tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
    • B60K2015/03026—Gas tanks comprising a valve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03256—Fuel tanks characterised by special valves, the mounting thereof
    • B60K2015/03296—Pressure regulating valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/035—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means
    • B60K2015/03523—Arrangements of the venting tube
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/035—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means
    • B60K2015/0358—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means the venting is actuated by specific signals or positions of particular parts
    • B60K2015/03585—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means the venting is actuated by specific signals or positions of particular parts by gas pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/063—Arrangement of tanks
    • B60K2015/0636—Arrangement of tanks the fuel tank being part of the chassis or frame
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0119—Shape cylindrical with flat end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0311—Closure means
    • F17C2205/0317—Closure means fusing or melting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0332—Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0388—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
    • F17C2205/0394—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于车辆(1)的DME燃料罐(10)的安全装置(12)，其适于从燃料罐(10)中释放过大的压力，其包括：弹簧加载的压力释放阀(15)，该压力释放阀(15)适于在预定的压力水平下开启，其中，该安全装置(12)还包括壳体(13)，壳体(13)安装在燃料罐(10)上并具有由盖(17)封闭的外部开口(20)，其中，压力释放阀(15)布置在壳体(13)内并且壳体(13)设有具有出流开口(19)的出口管(14)，并且其中，所述盖(17)适于在预定温度下熔化，从而在压力释放阀(15)开启且盖(17)熔化时允许气体经由壳体(13)的外部开口(20)从压力释放阀(15)离开。本发明的优点在于：由过大的压力导致的少量气体泄漏通过出口管(14)和出流开口(19)被向下朝着地面排出，而例如由火苗导致的大量气体泄漏则从燃料罐(10)在远离火苗的方向上向外排出。

Description

用于车辆罐体的安全装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于液化气燃料罐的安全装置，该安全装置适于以安全的方式释放过大的压力。该安全装置尤其适合与DME燃料一起使用。
背景技术
主要是出于环境的考虑，使用用于车辆的替代燃料变得越来越普遍。这些燃料尤其包括乙醇、压缩天然气(CNG)和液化石油气(LPG)，它们在某些市场上被广泛使用。还需要进一步发现可再生的燃料，以最大程度地减少对矿物燃料的依赖。一种可从有机废物(例如来自森林产业的木素纤维素生物质)中产生的新燃料是二甲醚或DME。DME是可在压力下液化的气体，类似于LPG。
已存在很多对燃料的处理和使用进行管理的安全法规。对于液化气，在该气体通常比空气重的情况下，需要针对气体泄漏的额外安全措施。一种法规(ECE R67)管理LPG在客车中的使用。多种不同的法规尤其涉及暴露于过大压力或过高温度下的燃料罐的行为，如果未正确地处理，这些行为可能导致对车辆或环境的严重损害。容纳液化气的燃料罐的一个问题是：当燃料罐暴露于升高的压力下时(例如由于太阳辐射加热该燃料罐而引起)，如何释放气体。
已知的是使用压力释放阀，该压力释放阀在特定的压力水平下开启，从而能够释放过大的压力。还已知的是使用具有易熔元件的安全阀，该易熔元件对热量敏感，从而将在高于预定温度时断开。然而，这些方案并非对于所有情形都是最优的。因此，仍然需要一种改进的用于液化气燃料罐的安全装置，尤其是当气态燃料的密度大于空气的密度时。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种改进的、用于车辆的液化气燃料罐的安全装置。
权利要求1的特征部分描述了根据本发明的针对上述问题的技术方案。其它权利要求包含该创新装置的有利的进一步改进。
在用于车辆的液化气燃料罐的安全装置中，该安全装置适于从燃料罐中释放过大的压力，该安全装置包括弹簧加载的压力释放阀，该压力释放阀适于在预定的压力水平下开启，本发明目的的实现是通过如下方式实现的：该安全装置还包括壳体，该壳体安装在燃料罐上并具有由盖封闭的外部开口，其中，该压力释放阀布置在该壳体内并且该壳体设有具有出流开口的出口管，并且其中，该盖适于在预定温度下熔化，从而允许液化气在压力释放阀开启且该盖已熔化时经由所述壳体的外部开口离开压力释放阀。该液化气燃料例如可以是DME。
通过根据本发明的安全装置的第一实施例，该安全装置适于因为过大的压力而允许少量受控的燃料从燃料罐向下释放到地面，并且在燃料罐暴露于例如由于火苗导致的过大热量下时允许沿另一方向释放大量的燃料。该安全装置设有出口管，该出口管具有向下朝着地面指向的出流开口。所释放的将呈现气体形式的燃料比空气重，这意味着该气体将以受控的方式排出到地面上，且不能意外地流向车辆上的热物品。
当该燃料罐暴露于过大热量下时，例如，当车辆下方有火苗时，燃料罐内的压力将上升而使得该压力释放阀将开启。在此情形下，有利的是在不向下朝着地面指向的方向上释放燃料，因为该燃料将会着火。当燃料罐暴露于过大的热量下时，必须被释放的气体或液体的量是很大的。在更大的燃料释放速度下，该燃料可以同时处于气态和液态。因此，有利的是在远离火苗的方向上引导所释放的燃料。
在本发明的安全装置中，该压力释放阀布置在壳体内。该壳体的外部开口设有气密盖，该盖允许少量的气体被引导通过出口管，并且该盖将在高温下熔化。在该情况下，气体或液体可以经由壳体的出流开口排出。由于这种高压，燃料将以同时包含气体和液体的射流被排出。通过使燃料沿径向方向而不是朝向火苗的方向排出，将避免该燃料为火苗增添能量。
所述盖优选由具有较低熔点温度的透明塑料制成。以这种方式，当燃料罐暴露于例如由火苗引起的过大热量下时，该盖将熔化。具有透明盖的另一个优点是能够看见压力释放阀的状态。在该实例中，压力释放阀设有一个单向帽，当压力释放阀开启时该单向帽将脱离，例如用于释放少量的气体。当多余气体已经被释放后，压力释放阀将再次闭合，但该帽将保持脱离。
附图说明
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本发明，其中：
图1示出了具有燃料罐的示意性车辆，该燃料罐设有根据本发明的安全装置；
图2示出了设有根据本发明的安全装置的示意性燃料罐；并且
图3示出了根据本发明的安全装置。
具体实施方式
下面论述的具有进一步改进的本发明的实施例仅是作为示例，且不以任何方式限制权利要求所提供的保护范围。
图1示出了具有驾驶室2和货物车厢3的示意性车辆1。该车辆1处于地面4上。该车辆设于适合于液化气(例如DME)的燃料罐10。在本实施例中，图2所示的燃料罐在具有注入口11，其适于向燃料罐注入燃料。该入口设有气密连接以便可以填充液化气。也可以将注入口安装在该卡车的其它位置上，例如在底盘上，并可以利用柔性压力软管将该注入口连接到该罐。该燃料罐还包括适于将燃料供应至发动机的燃料供应线路的出流开口，以及用于从发动机返回的燃料回流线路的入口(未示出)。可布置在燃料罐内侧或燃料罐处的其它部件是燃料泵、燃料过滤器、溢流控制阀或注入停止阀。该燃料罐还可设有一个或多个传感器，例如燃料液位传感器、压力传感器或温度传感器。
该燃料罐还具有安全装置12。可以在燃料罐上布置不止一个安全装置。该安全装置布置在该燃料罐的最大容许燃料液位上方。该安全装置12包括壳体13，该壳体13在此是管状凸缘的形式，其固定地安装于燃料罐，例如通过焊接，但将该壳体附接于燃料罐的其它方式也是可以的。该燃料罐和壳体可由金属或复合材料(例如纤维增强塑料)制成。该壳体设有出口管14，该出口管14具有朝着地面4向下指向的出流开口19。壳体13还设有由盖17封闭的外部开口20，其中，该盖适于在预定温度下熔化。盖17由塑料制成，例如聚碳酸酯，并且在一个实施例中是透明的，以便可以透过该盖观察。该盖优选是气密的并设有密封环。
图3示出了安全装置12的细节。压力释放阀15布置在壳体13内。该压力释放阀适于在预定的压力水平下开启，该预定的压力水平优选对应于安全法规。该释放压力水平例如是27巴。该压力释放阀是弹簧加载的，从而该压力释放阀将在压力释放阀开启后压力下降时闭合。在这种情况下，当燃料罐中的压力升至高于预定压力时，仅少量的气体能够被释放。这种情况例如可发生在当车辆在太阳下停车并且该罐被加热而使得其压力超过预定压力水平时。通过该弹簧加载的压力释放阀，可以确保仅有少量的气体被释放，因为再密封压力被设定为该释放压力的大约90％。所释放的气体将向下朝着地面流过出口管。
有利的是可以看到该压力释放阀是否已经开启。因此，可以为该压力释放阀提供一个帽16，该帽16优选是红色的并且由塑料制成。该帽以可移除方式安装在压力释放阀上，使得当压力释放阀开启时、该帽将被推开。当压力释放阀再次关闭时，该帽将脱离，这可以被司机检测到。盖17通过螺钉18附接至所述壳体，使得该盖能够以简单的方式被去除或更换。因此，可以在检查之后将所述帽重新安装在压力释放阀上，如果压力释放阀已经开启的话。
当该燃料罐暴露于过热的环境，例如，当车辆下方有火苗时，该燃料罐内的压力将上升而使得压力释放阀将开启。大约在同时，该盖将熔化并且燃料将径向排出，远离火苗。燃料经由所述壳体的现在已开启的外部开口20排出。由于燃料将具有很高的压力，由处于气态的燃料和处于液态的燃料构成的燃料将在不向下指向的方向上从燃料罐中喷射出。当燃料罐暴露于过大热量下时，必须释放的气体或液体的总量是很大的。
通过根据本发明的安全装置，该安全装置将因为过大的压力而从燃料罐在受控的方向上释放少量气体，并且当燃料罐暴露于过大热量下(例如由火苗导致的)时在径向方向上释放更大量的燃料。少量的燃料将向下朝着地面释放，这被认为是一种释放比空气重的少量气体的安全和受控的方式。更大量的燃料将从燃料罐径向喷射出，该燃料不会到达地面上的火苗。
本发明不应认为仅限于上文论述的实施例，在所附权利要求的范围内，可以有多种另外的变型和修改。
附图标记
1：车辆
2：驾驶室
3：车厢
4：地面
10：燃料罐
11：注入口
12：安全装置
13：壳体
14：出口管
15：压力释放阀
16：帽
17：盖
18：螺钉
19：出流开口
20：外部开口

Claims (14)

1.一种用于车辆(1)的液化气燃料罐(10)的安全装置(12)，所述安全装置(12)适于从所述燃料罐(10)中释放过大的压力，所述安全装置(12)包括弹簧加载的压力释放阀(15)，所述压力释放阀(15)适于在预定的压力水平下开启，其特征在于，所述安全装置还包括壳体(13)，所述壳体(13)安装在所述燃料罐(10)上并具有由盖(17)封闭的外部开口(20)，其中，所述压力释放阀(15)布置在所述壳体(13)内并且所述壳体设有具有出流开口(19)的出口管(14)，并且其中，所述盖(17)适于在预定温度下熔化，从而允许气体在所述压力释放阀开启且所述盖已熔化时经由所述壳体的所述外部开口(20)离开所述压力释放阀。
2.根据权利要求1所述的安全装置，其特征在于，所述安全装置安装于所述罐的最大燃料液位上方。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的安全装置，其特征在于，所述出口管(14)的所述出流开口(19)向下朝着地面(4)指向。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的安全装置，其特征在于，所述壳体(13)由金属制成并焊接至燃料罐(10)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的安全装置，其特征在于，所述预定的压力水平为27巴。
6.根据权利要求1至5中的任一项所述的安全装置，其特征在于，所述盖(17)由塑料制成，例如聚碳酸酯。
7.根据权利要求1至6中的任一项所述的安全装置，其特征在于，所述盖是透明的。
8.根据权利要求1至7中的任一项所述的安全装置，其特征在于，所述盖是气密的。
9.根据权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的安全装置，其特征在于，所述压力释放阀设有塑料帽(16)，当所述压力释放阀开启时，所述塑料帽被释放。
10.根据权利要求1至9中的任一项所述的安全装置，其特征在于，所述盖(17)通过螺钉(18)附接至所述壳体(13)，使得所述盖(17)能够容易地被开启或更换。
11.根据权利要求1至10中的任一项所述的安全装置，其特征在于，所述安全装置设有在所述盖(17)和所述壳体(13)之间的密封环。
12.根据权利要求1至11中的任一项所述的安全装置，其特征在于，所述盖(17)将在高于155摄氏度的温度下熔化。
13.根据权利要求1至12中的任一项所述的安全装置，其特征在于，所述液化气燃料是DME。
14.一种车辆，其包括根据权利要求1至13中的任一项所述的安全装置。
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