CN106573771A - 用于生产直接还原铁和钢厂燃气的方法和系统 - Google Patents

用于生产直接还原铁和钢厂燃气的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN106573771A
CN106573771A CN201580034195.4A CN201580034195A CN106573771A CN 106573771 A CN106573771 A CN 106573771A CN 201580034195 A CN201580034195 A CN 201580034195A CN 106573771 A CN106573771 A CN 106573771A
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罗伯特·奇雷
特拉维斯·赖特
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Abstract

一种用于生产在直接还原铁(DRI)的生产中使用的还原气和在钢厂中使用的燃气的方法，所述方法包括：在压缩机中压缩焦炉气(COG)物流；使压缩的焦炉气物流经过活性炭床，以从压缩的焦炉气物流中移除焦油；使用变压吸收单元从压缩的清洁过的焦炉气物流中分离富氢气体物流；将所述富氢气体物流作为还原气提供至直接还原竖炉；以及将剩余气体物流作为燃气从所述变压吸收单元提供至钢厂。给出了一次通过(once‑through)和再循环方案二者。任选地，将碱性氧气炉气(BOFG)加入至所述还原气。

Description

用于生产直接还原铁和钢厂燃气的方法和系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本专利申请/专利要求2014年7月15日提交的题目为“用于使用焦炉气和碱性氧气炉气生产直接还原铁和钢厂燃气的方法和系统”的共同待审的美国临时专利申请号62/024,767的优先权的权益，其内容通过引用全部结合在本文中。
发明领域
本发明总体上涉及用于生产直接还原铁(DRI)的方法和系统。更具体地，本发明涉及用于使用焦炉气(COG)和碱性氧气炉气(BOFG)生产DRI和钢厂燃气的方法和系统。
发明背景
在多个应用中，需要使用COG作为用于生产DRI的还原气和作为钢厂燃气二者。然而，常规上，这带来了由于COG中存在的高水平的烃导致的问题，DRI硫问题，和对从再循环气体中移除CO2的要求。
因此，在多个示例性实施方案中，本发明提供了COG作为用于生产DRI的还原气和作为钢厂燃气二者的用途。首先将COG压缩，然后经过活性炭床以移除焦油。然后，使COG经过变压吸收(PSA)单元等以产生用作直接还原竖炉中的还原气的高纯度H2物流(约99％纯度)。高纯度H2物流占COG中H2的大约75％和全部COG物流的大约40％。将COG的其余部分(包括全部的硫和几乎全部的烃)，约全部COG的60％，引导至钢厂作为燃气。作为使用高纯度H2作为还原气的结果，避免了直接还原竖炉中的吸热的(消耗热量的)烃裂化和重整反应，不存在DRI硫问题，并且不存在对从再循环气体中移除CO2的要求，并且水有利地成为直接还原反应的主要副产物。给出了一次通过和再循环方案二者。任选地，可以将BOFG加入至还原气物流。
发明概述
在多个示例性实施方案中，本发明提供一种用于生产在直接还原铁的生产中使用的还原气和在钢厂中使用的燃气的方法，所述方法包括：在压缩机中压缩COG物流；使压缩的COG物流经过活性炭床，以从压缩的COG物流中移除焦油；使用PSA单元等从压缩的清洁过的COG物流中分离富氢气体物流；将所述富氢气体物流作为还原气提供至直接还原竖炉，任选首先加入BOFG物流；以及将剩余气体物流作为燃气从所述PSA单元等提供至钢厂。将所述COG物流压缩至约5-10巴表压(BARG)。所述富氢气体物流含有约99％氢。所述富氢气体物流含有在所述COG物流中的氢的约75％。富H2气体物流含有COG的约40％。给出了一次通过和再循环方案二者。
附图简述
在本文中，通过参照多个附图，说明并且描述了本发明，其中，根据需要，相同的附图标记用于指代相同的方法步骤/系统部件，并且其中：
图1是说明根据本发明的用于使用COG生产DRI和钢厂燃气的方法和系统的一个示例性的一次通过实施方案的流程图；
图2是说明根据本发明的用于使用COG生产DRI和钢厂燃气的方法和系统的一个示例性的再循环实施方案的流程图；
图3是说明根据本发明的用于使用COG和BOFG生产DRI和钢厂燃气的方法和系统的一个示例性的一次通过实施方案的流程图；并且
图4是说明根据本发明的用于使用COG和BOFG生产DRI和钢厂燃气的方法和系统的一个示例性的再循环实施方案的流程图。
发明详述
同样地，在多个示例性实施方案中，本发明提供了COG作为用于生产DRI的还原气和作为钢厂燃气二者的用途。首先将COG压缩，然后经过活性炭床以移除焦油。然后，使COG经过变压吸收(PSA)单元等以产生用作直接还原竖炉中的还原气的高纯度H2物流(约99％纯度)。高纯度H2物流占COG中H2的大约75％和全部COG物流的大约40％。将COG的其余部分(包括全部的硫和几乎全部的烃)，约全部COG的60％，引导至钢厂作为燃气。作为使用高纯度H2作为还原气的结果，避免了直接还原竖炉中的吸热的(消耗热量的)烃裂化和重整反应，不存在DRI硫问题，并且不存在对从再循环气体中移除CO2的要求，并且水有利地成为氧化铁还原反应的主要副产物。给出了一次通过和再循环方案二者。任选地，可以将BOFG加入至还原气物流。
现在具体参照图1，在方法10的一个示例性的一次通过实施方案中，首先在压缩机12中将COG物流压缩至约5-10巴表压。然后使压缩的COG物流经过活性炭床14以移除焦油。然后，使压缩的清洁过的COG物流经过PSA单元16等以产生用作直接还原竖炉18中的还原气的高纯度H2物流(约99％纯度)。高纯度H2物流占COG中H2的大约75％和全部COG流的大约40％。将COG的其余部分(包括全部的硫和几乎全部的烃)，约全部COG的60％，引导至钢厂作为燃气。在还原气加热器20中将还原气预热至约950摄氏度，之后引入至直接还原竖炉18。在塔顶煤气洗涤器22中将来自直接还原竖炉18的塔顶煤气冷却并清洁，之后输出至钢厂用作燃气。
因为还原气几乎不含烃，避免了直接还原竖炉18中的吸热的(即消耗热量的)烃裂化和重整反应，因此防止了不想要的冷却和效率降低。因为还原气不含硫，DRI不含硫，降低了钢厂资本成本和运营成本并且增加了钢厂效率。因为还原气几乎不含烃或CO，DRI含有约0％的碳。
现在具体参照图2，在方法110的一个示例性的再循环实施方案中，首先在压缩机12中将COG物流压缩至约5-10巴表压。然后使压缩的COG物流经过活性炭床14以移除焦油。然后，使压缩的清洁过的COG物流经过PSA单元16等以产生用作在直接还原竖炉18中使用的还原气的高纯度H2物流(约99％纯度)。高纯度H2物流占COG中H2的大约75％和全部COG流的大约40％。将COG的其余部分(包括全部的硫和几乎全部的烃)，约全部COG的60％，引导至钢厂作为燃气。在还原气加热器20中将还原气预热至约950摄氏度，之后引入至DR竖炉18。来自直接还原竖炉的塔顶煤气含有＞95％的H2+H2O并且在压缩机24中被压缩至约5巴表压，之后再循环回到在PSA单元16之后的还原气物流。
因为还原气几乎不含烃，避免了直接还原竖炉18中的吸热的(即消耗热量的)烃裂化和重整反应，因此防止了不想要的冷却和效率降低。因为还原气不含硫，DRI不含硫，降低了钢厂资本成本和运营成本并且增加了钢厂效率。因为还原气几乎不含烃或CO，DRI含有约0％的碳。因为再循环气体含有＞95％的H2+H2O，对于再循环气体物流来说，不需要CO2移除系统。
现在具体参照图3，在方法210的一个示例性的一次通过实施方案中，首先在压缩机12中将COG物流压缩至约5-10巴表压。然后使压缩的COG物流经过活性炭床14以移除焦油。然后，使压缩的清洁过的COG物流经过PSA单元16等以产生用作直接还原竖炉18中的还原气的高纯度H2物流(约99％纯度)。高纯度H2物流占COG中H2的大约75％和全部COG流的大约40％。将COG的其余部分(包括全部的硫和几乎全部的烃)，约全部COG的60％，引导至钢厂作为燃气。然后将含有约70％CO的BOFG加入至还原气物流。在还原气中的H2/CO比率取决于加入了多少BOFG。在还原气加热器20中将还原气预热至约950摄氏度，之后引入至直接还原竖炉18。在塔顶煤气洗涤器22中将来自直接还原竖炉18的塔顶煤气冷却并清洁，之后输出至钢厂用作燃气。
因为还原气几乎不含烃，避免了直接还原竖炉18中的吸热的(即消耗热量的)烃裂化和重整反应，因此防止了不想要的冷却和效率降低。因为还原气不含硫，DRI不含硫，降低了钢厂资本成本和运营成本并且增加了钢厂效率。DRI碳含量受还原气中BOFG的％强烈影响。
现在具体参照图4，在方法310的一个示例性的再循环实施方案中，首先在压缩机12中将COG物流压缩至约5-10巴表压。然后使压缩的COG物流经过活性炭床14以移除焦油。然后，使压缩的清洁过的COG物流经过PSA单元16等以产生用作直接还原竖炉18中的还原气的高纯度H2物流(约99％纯度)。高纯度H2物流占COG中H2的大约75％和全部COG流的大约40％。将COG的其余部分(包括全部的硫和几乎全部的烃)，约全部COG的60％，引导至钢厂作为燃气。然后将含有约70％CO的BOFG加入至还原气物流。在还原气中的H2/CO比率取决于加入了多少BOFG。在还原气加热器20中将还原气预热至约950摄氏度，之后引入至直接还原竖炉18。在塔顶煤气洗涤器22中将来自直接还原竖炉18的塔顶煤气冷却并清洁，并且使再循环气体经过CO2移除系统26，之后再循环回到在PSA单元16之后的还原气物流。
因为还原气几乎不含烃，避免了直接还原竖炉18中的吸热的(即消耗热量的)烃裂化和重整反应，因此防止了不想要的冷却和效率降低。因为还原气不含硫，DRI不含硫，降低了钢厂资本成本和运营成本并且增加了钢厂效率。DRI碳含量受还原气中BOFG的％强烈影响。
尽管在本文中已经参照优选实施方案及其具体实例说明并描述了本发明，对本领域普通技术人员来说将会显而易见的是，其他实施方案和实例可以发挥类似的功能和/或获得类似的结果。所有此类等价实施方案和实例均在本发明的精神和范围内，因而其是预期的，并意图被以下非限制性的权利要求覆盖。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于生产在DRI的生产中使用的还原气和在钢厂中使用的燃气的方法，所述方法包括：
在压缩机中压缩COG物流；
使压缩的COG物流经过活性炭床，以从压缩的COG物流中移除焦油；
使用PSA单元等从压缩的清洁过的COG物流中分离富氢气体物流；
将所述富氢气体物流作为还原气提供至直接还原竖炉；以及
将剩余气体物流作为燃气从所述PSA单元提供至钢厂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，所述方法还包括将BOFG物流加入至所述富氢气体物流。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中将所述焦炉气物流压缩至约5-10巴表压。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述富氢气体物流包含约99％氢。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述富氢气体物流包含来自所述焦炉气物流的氢的约75％。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中使用所述焦炉气物流的约40％生成还原气。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，所述方法还包括将来自所述直接还原竖炉的塔顶煤气物流再循环回到所述还原气。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，所述方法还包括冷却并清洁所述塔顶煤气物流。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法，所述方法还包括从所述塔顶煤气物流中移除二氧化碳。
CN201580034195.4A 2014-07-15 2015-07-15 用于生产直接还原铁和钢厂燃气的方法和系统 Pending CN106573771A (zh)

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