CN106573345B - 多层铝钎焊板材料 - Google Patents

多层铝钎焊板材料 Download PDF

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CN106573345B
CN106573345B CN201580039854.3A CN201580039854A CN106573345B CN 106573345 B CN106573345 B CN 106573345B CN 201580039854 A CN201580039854 A CN 201580039854A CN 106573345 B CN106573345 B CN 106573345B
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史蒂文·柯卡姆
贝恩德·雅各比
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Novelis Coblenz LLC
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23K1/0008Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
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    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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    • B23K35/02Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
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    • B23K35/22Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
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    • B23K35/286Al as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/288Al as the principal constituent with Sn or Zn
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/016Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/10Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
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    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/16Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/18Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/084Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23K2101/00Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/04Tubular or hollow articles
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/10Aluminium or alloys thereof
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0082Charged air coolers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12736Al-base component
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种多层钎焊板材料,其由以下部分组成:铝芯合金层,在所述铝芯层的一个面上设有第一钎焊包覆层材料,在所述铝芯材料的另一个面上设有第二钎焊包覆层材料;以及中间层,所述中间层位于所述铝芯合金层和所述第一钎焊包覆层材料之间;其中所述芯层由3xxx系列铝合金制成,所述3xxx系列铝合金以wt%计具有至多0.4%Si、至多0.5%Fe、0.4%‑0.75%Cu、0.6%‑1.1%Mn、至多0.04%Mg、至多0.2%Cr、至多0.25%Zr、至多0.2%Ti、至多0.15%Zn、余量的铝和杂质,其中所述第一钎焊层和所述第二钎焊层由具有7%‑14%Si和至多2%Mg、余量的铝和杂质的4xxx系列铝合金制成,并且其中所述中间层由1xxx系列合金的铝合金制成。

Description

多层铝钎焊板材料
技术领域
本发明涉及多层钎焊板材料,其由以下部分组成:铝芯合金层,在所述铝芯层的一个面上设有第一钎焊包覆层材料,在所述铝芯材料的另一个面上设有第二钎焊包覆层材料;以及中间层或中间衬里(interlayer or inter-liner),其位于铝芯合金层同第一钎焊包覆层材料或第二钎焊包覆层材料之间。本发明还涉及钎焊换热器,其包括各种组件和至少一个由根据本发明的铝合金钎焊板制成的组件。
背景技术
在下文中将会明了的是,除非另作说明,铝合金牌号和状态代号(temperdesignations)是指由美国铝业协会(Aluminum Association)在2014年出版的“AluminumStandards and Data and the Registration Records”中的“Aluminum Associationdesignations”
除非另作说明,对于合金组成或优选合金组成的任何描述,所指的百分数均为重量百分数。
将处于板或挤出形式的铝合金或铝的基材用于制备成形或成型的产品。在一些此类工艺中,包括基材在内的(成形的)铝部件互连。基材的一端可以与另一端互连,或者一个基材可以与一个或多个其它基材组装。这通常通过钎焊来完成,钎焊是本领域技术人员公知的技术。在钎焊工艺中,将钎焊填充金属或钎焊合金或者在加热时产生钎焊合金的组合物施加到待钎焊的基材的至少一部分。在组装基材部件之后,将它们加热直到钎焊金属或钎焊合金熔化。钎焊材料的熔点低于铝基材或铝芯板的熔点。
钎焊板产品广泛应用于换热器和其它类似设备。常规的钎焊产品具有轧制板的芯,通常(但并非唯一)是3xxx系列的铝合金,在芯板的至少一个表面上具有铝包覆层(也称为铝包覆层)。铝包覆层由4xxx系列合金制成,该合金以2wt%-20wt%、优选6wt%-14wt%的量包含硅。可将铝包覆层以本领域已知的多种方式连接或结合至芯合金,例如通过轧制结合、包覆喷涂成型或者半连续或连续浇铸工艺。这些铝包覆层具有通常在约540℃至615℃范围内的液相线温度。
需要进一步改进的钎焊板材料,其可以以完全退火的状态供应,并且可充分成型以生产复杂形状的铝基材,还可暴露于真空钎焊和受控气氛钎焊(“CAB”)事件,并实现高水平的钎焊后耐腐蚀性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供满足这种需要的钎焊板材料,或至少能够以完全退火的状态供应的替代产品,并且可充分成型以生产复杂形状的铝基材,还可以暴露于真空钎焊和受控气氛钎焊事件,并且实现高水平的钎焊后耐腐蚀性。
本发明实现或超越了上述目的和其它目的以及进一步的优势,其提供了4层钎焊板材料,该钎焊板材料由以下部分组成:铝芯合金层,在所述铝芯层的一个面上设有第一钎焊包覆层材料,在所述铝芯材料的另一个面上设有第二钎焊包覆层材料;以及中间层,其位于所述铝芯合金层和所述第一钎焊包覆层材料之间;其中所述芯层由3xxx系列铝合金制成,该铝合金以wt%计具有至多0.4%Si、至多0.5%Fe、0.4%-0.75%Cu、0.6%-1.1%Mn、至多0.04%Mg、至多0.2%Cr、至多0.25%Zr、至多0.2%Ti、至多0.15%Zn、余量的铝和杂质,其中所述第一钎焊层和所述第二钎焊层由具有6%-14%Si和至多2%Mg、余量的铝和杂质的4xxx系列铝合金制成,并且其中所述中间层由1xxx系列合金的铝合金制成。
根据本发明的钎焊板材料在酸性环境中具有非常好的耐腐蚀性,可以经受周期性的温度和压力变化,这通常见于汽车应用(例如由于废燃料蒸汽冷凝的结果);由此,该钎焊板材料适合用于直接空-空(air-to-air)增压空气冷却(charge air cooling,“CAC”)或中间冷却、空-水(air-to-water)CAC、水-空(water-to-air)CAC、废气冷却、废气再循环系统、混合冷却系统、两相冷却系统等,并且形成至少能够使这种换热器单元的使用寿命延长超出当前技术可行的性能范围的替代产品。钎焊板材料可以作为卷材和板材生产,以支持大量生产规模和批量规模加工,并且可充分成型以生产上述复杂形状的铝基材。钎焊板材料具有足够高的质量以允许可重复的钎焊和一致的组件性能。钎焊板材料可在受控气氛钎焊工艺(可以施用或不施用钎焊钎剂材料)以及真空钎焊工艺中进行钎焊,并且在CAC周期性运行中具有高的热稳定性。此外,钎焊板材料实现了高水平的钎焊后内部清洁度。
在一个实施方式中,3xxx系列铝芯合金由下述铝合金制成,该铝合金以wt%计包含:
至多0.3%Si,更优选至多0.2%;
至多0.5%Fe,优选0.15%-0.45%,更优选0.25%-0.45%;
0.4%-0.75%Cu,优选0.50%-0.70%,更优选0.50%-0.68%;
0.6%-1.1%Mn,优选0.7%-1.0%,更优选0.7%-0.95%;
至多0.04%Mg,优选至多0.02%,使得该铝合金基本上不含Mg;
至多0.2%Cr,优选至多0.09%,更优选至多0.04%;
至多0.25%Zr,优选至多0.09%,更优选至多0.04%;
至多0.2%Ti,优选0.05%-0.2%,更优选0.06%-0.12%;
至多0.15%Zn,优选至多0.1%;
余量的铝和杂质。
第一钎焊包覆衬里和第二钎焊包覆衬里各自由具有6%-14%Si和至多0.35%Mg的4xxx系列铝合金制成,理想地用于CAB工艺中。优选地,Si至多11%。Mg的水平优选为至多0.10%,更优选为至多0.04%,使得该铝合金基本上不含Mg。余量由铝和不可避免的杂质组成,其在实践中将表示至多0.6%Fe、至多0.1%Mn、至多0.08%Cu、至多0.20%Zn、其它元素每种<0.05%、其它元素总量<0.2%、余量的铝。
在替代的实施方式中,第一钎焊包覆衬里和第二钎焊包覆衬里各自由具有6%-14%Si和至多2%Mg、余量的铝和杂质的4xxx系列铝合金制成。优选地,Si含量在7%-11%的Si的范围内。优选地,Mg含量在0.4%-2%、更优选1%-1.8%Mg的范围内,以使得钎焊板材料能够用于真空钎焊工艺中。余量由铝和不可避免的杂质组成,其在实践中将表示至多0.6%Fe、至多0.1%Mn、至多0.1%Cu、至多0.2%Zn、其它元素每种<0.05%、其它元素总量<0.2%、余量的铝。
在替代的实施方式中,第一钎焊包覆衬里和第二钎焊包覆衬里各自由具有6%-14%Si、至多0.5%Mg、至多0.5%Bi和/或至多0.5%Y的4xxx系列铝合金制成,理想地用于无钎剂受控气氛钎焊工艺。优选地,Si至多9%。余量由铝和不可避免的杂质组成,其在实践中将表示至多0.6%Fe、至多0.1%Mn、至多0.08%Cu、至多0.20%Zn、其它元素每种<0.05%、其它元素总量<0.2%、余量的铝。
中间层或中间衬里由1xxx系列合金的铝合金制成,优选来自AA1050系列的铝。1xxx系列合金优选具有小于0.1%的Zn含量,优选小于0.05%。根据美国铝业协会的定义,AA1050系列合金具有小于0.05%的Zn含量。在优选实施方式中,中间层具有60μm以下的厚度,例如约40μm或约50μm的厚度,并且用于控制合金元素(例如Si)从芯层扩散至钎焊层,由此限制在钎焊后条件下颗粒间腐蚀通过芯层进行传播,从而在应用于换热器、特别是CAC中时显著改善钎焊板产品的钎焊后腐蚀性能。1xxx系列中间层还为3xxx系列铝芯合金提供电偶保护(galvanic protection)。
根据本发明的钎焊板材料可以通过各种技术制造。例如通过本领域公知的轧制结合进行。或者,可以通过热喷涂技术将一个或多个层施加在芯合金层上。或者,芯合金层和第二钎焊包覆层可以通过浇铸技术制造,例如在2004年12月29日公布的国际专利文献WO-2004/112992-A2(Alcan)中所公开的技术;可以通过例如轧制结合或热喷涂技术施加进一步的层。
根据本发明的钎焊板材料在最终规格上具有约0.1mm至1.2mm的通常厚度。钎焊板材料在最终规格上优选至多约1mm厚,更优选至多约0.6mm厚。
第一钎焊层和第二钎焊层通常各自具有占总厚度5%-15%的厚度,例如各自占约10%。
在本发明的实施方式中,芯层在其热变形之前的制造路线中已经被均质化为较薄规格的材料。通常,这种均质化热处理在400℃至650℃的温度范围内进行,均热时间为5-48小时,从而实现O状态(O-temper)的材料。
在本发明的优选实施方式中,钎焊板材料以O状态提供,并且其被完全退火。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中,钎焊板材料以H2x状态提供,其中x为1、2、3、4、5或6。更优选其以H24状态提供。
在本发明的另一方面中,涉及由根据本发明的多层钎焊板材料制成的钎焊管,该钎焊管作为换热器装置中的流体通道。
在本发明的另一方面,涉及一种钎焊换热器,其包括由根据本发明的多层钎焊板材料制成的至少一个管。理想情况下,换热器是增压空气冷却器(“CAC”),在本领域中也称为中间冷却器。更优选用于水-CAC中,其在本领域也称为液体-CAC。
该钎焊板材料还适合应用于空-水CAC、水-空CAC、废气冷却、废气再循环系统、混合冷却系统和两相冷却系统中。

Claims (15)

1.一种多层钎焊板材料,其由以下部分组成:铝芯合金层,在所述铝芯合金层的一个面上设有第一钎焊包覆层材料,在所述铝芯合金层的另一个面上设有第二钎焊包覆层材料;以及中间层,所述中间层位于所述铝芯合金层和所述第一钎焊包覆层材料之间;其中所述铝芯合金层由3xxx系列铝合金制成,所述3xxx系列铝合金以wt%计具有至多0.4%Si、至多0.5%Fe、0.4%-0.75%Cu、0.6%-1.1%Mn、至多0.04%Mg、至多0.2%Cr、至多0.25%Zr、至多0.2%Ti、至多0.15%Zn、余量的铝和杂质,其中所述第一钎焊包覆层和所述第二钎焊包覆层由具有6%-14%Si和至多2%Mg、以及至多0.20%Zn、余量的铝和杂质的4xxx系列铝合金制成,并且其中所述中间层由具有小于0.1%的Zn含量的1xxx系列合金的铝合金制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多层钎焊板材料,其中所述铝芯合金层由下述铝合金制成,该铝合金以wt%计由以下成分组成:至多0.2%Si、0.15%-0.45%Fe、0.50%-0.7%Cu、0.7%-1.0%Mn、至多0.02%Mg、至多0.09%Cr、至多0.09%Zr、0.05%-0.2%Ti、至多0.15%Zn、余量的铝和杂质。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的多层钎焊板材料,其中所述铝芯合金层由下述铝合金制成,该铝合金以wt%计由以下成分组成:至多0.2%Si、0.25%-0.45%Fe、0.50%-0.68%Cu、0.7%-0.95%Mn、至多0.02%Mg、至多0.04%Cr、至多0.04%Zr、0.06%-0.12%Ti、至多0.15%Zn、余量的铝和杂质。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的多层钎焊板材料,其中所述第一钎焊包覆层均由具有以下成分的4xxx系列铝合金制成:6%-11%Si;至多0.35%Mg;余量的杂质和铝。
5.根据权利要求4所述的多层钎焊板材料,其中所述第一钎焊包覆层均由具有以下成分的4xxx系列铝合金制成:6%-11%Si;至多0.10%Mg;余量的杂质和铝。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的多层钎焊板材料,其中所述中间层具有60μm以下的厚度。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的多层钎焊板材料,其中所述中间层由1xxx系列合金的铝合金制成,所述1xxx系列合金具有小于0.05%的Zn含量。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的多层钎焊板材料,其中所述多层钎焊板材料具有0.1-1.2mm的总厚度。
9.根据权利要求8所述的多层钎焊板材料,其中所述第一钎焊包覆层和第二钎焊包覆层各自具有占所述总厚度5%-15%的厚度。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的多层钎焊板材料,其中所述铝芯合金层已经均质化。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的多层钎焊板材料,其中所述多层钎焊板材料以O状态提供。
12.由根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的多层钎焊板材料制成的钎焊管。
13.一种换热器,其包括由根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的多层钎焊板材料制成的钎焊管。
14.一种增压空气冷却器,其整合有由根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的多层钎焊板材料制成的钎焊管。
15.一种水增压空气冷却器,其整合有由根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的多层钎焊板材料制成的钎焊管。
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