CN106570933A - Three-dimensional building model simplification method - Google Patents
Three-dimensional building model simplification method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106570933A CN106570933A CN201610972056.2A CN201610972056A CN106570933A CN 106570933 A CN106570933 A CN 106570933A CN 201610972056 A CN201610972056 A CN 201610972056A CN 106570933 A CN106570933 A CN 106570933A
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- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional building model simplification method characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly obtaining a three-dimensional building model, keeping an external contour surface of the model, deleting all internal structures of the model, converting the three-dimensional building model into a housing model, and clustering all dot data of the housing model according to height values of the dot data; then using an iteration application segmentation algorithm until the model area is smaller than a given threshold, and using the segmented minimum bounding matrix set to express the cross section; ranking matrixes with projection superposition from top to bottom so as to form a pyramid or a prism. The method can reduce the three-dimensional building model data bulk, can improve loading speed, and can simultaneously improve visualization speed of the model in a mobile terminal while ensuring the three dimensional visualization effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to three-dimensional building modelling technique field, and in particular to a kind of method for simplifying of three-dimensional building model.
Background technology
With going deep into and quickening for Urbanization in China, need badly and set up and improve urban digital infrastructure, wherein
Three-dimensional building model is important ingredient, and for urban planning, traffic administration, disaster emergency is noise control, air pollution
The aspects such as analysis；In Internet of Things application, three-dimensional building model as geography information basic platform, for sensor in city
Location navigation, information integration shows, the structure of Internet of Things etc. has fundamental role；In e-commerce field, threedimensional model
Can be used for Real Estate Product shows and recommendation, Tourist Experience, digital advertisement are serviced etc..
The generation of three-dimensional building model, including from satellite/airborne/close-range image, laser point cloud and traditional measurement achievement
Automatic, semi-automatic and manual mode.Thus the three-dimensional model structure for producing is complicated, and model data amount is big, builds in three-dimensional
When building model visualization, there are problems that being loaded into, particularly in mobile Internet, because bandwidth is received with computing capability
Limit, it is difficult to quick to show, it is therefore necessary to three-dimensional building model to be simplified, to improve display efficiency.
The content of the invention
It is excessive in order to solve model data amount present in current three-dimensional building model visualization, it is loaded into overlong time etc. and asks
Topic, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows, and a kind of three-dimensional building Model Simplification Method is comprised the following steps：
Step 1. obtains three-dimensional building model, the outer wheels profile surface of reserving model, for all structures inside model are entered
Row is deleted, and is three-dimensional case model by three-dimensional building model conversion；
Step 2. is clustered all of point data of shell model with its height value：By all with same or similar height
The point of degree is divided into one group, and for two points in same group, such as fruit dot is with a face, then constructing mistake 2 points of the line
Section, all line segments in same group are joined end to end, and obtain cross section of the three-dimensional building in this group of height；
Step 3. selects the side in cross section, and is extended with this and for cross section to be divided into two parts, and this two parts is calculated respectively
Minimum area-encasing rectangle area, and it is compared with the minimum area-encasing rectangle of undivided model, the face on the side is designated as with this
Product diminution value；Select it is all in maximum area diminution value while, model is split, for the model after segmentation changes
The above-mentioned partitioning algorithm of application in generation, until the area of model is less than threshold value 1, or maximum diminution value is less than threshold value 2；It is last with point
Minimum after cutting surrounds set of matrices to represent the cross section；
Step 4. pair carries out sequence from top to bottom with the rectangle that projection overlaps；If gained sequence is tieed up：r0, r1…rn, its
Middle riFor above-mentioned segmentation rectangle, 0≤i≤n；For any two adjacent rectangle riWith ri+1If, riWith ri+1Throw with identical
Shadow, then construct and generate a cuboid, and the height of the cuboid is riWith ri+1Difference, length and width and riIt is identical, if riWith ri+1's
Projection is misaligned, then construct one with riFor top, ri+1For the terrace with edge at bottom, particularly for riFor point or the situation of line, will distinguish
Construct pyramid and prism.
Preferably, the three-dimensional case model in the step 1 is made up of point-line-surface structure；
Preferably, the threshold value 1 in the step 3 is 5 square metres, and threshold value 2 is 1 square metre；
Preferably, the pyramid in the step 4 is the tower structure of three-dimensional building model, and prism is three-dimensional building model
Roof structure.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：In the case of assurance model similarity, split by model, reduce three-dimensional building mould
Type data volume, improves loading speed, improves effect of visualization；Model after segmentation has the parameter clearly simplified very much
In various three-dimensional building model related applications such as value, it is also possible to quickly for distance analysis, plot ratio analysis, Sunlight Analysis.
Specific embodiment
A kind of three-dimensional building Model Simplification Method, implements the method and comprises the following steps：
Step 1. obtains three-dimensional building model, can be from following three kinds of methods from one kind：(1) manual manufacture three-dimensional is built
Model is built, i.e., by modeling software：Sketchup or Blender or Unity or 3DMAX generates three-dimensional building model；(2) remote sensing
Obtain three-dimensional building model：By the building threedimensional model of laser scanning and photogrammetric generation；(3) BIM is led
Go out：Derived by BIM data (BIM) and generate three-dimensional building model.
Three-dimensional building model is read, and is denoted as a surface construction structure.Embodiment is directed to CityGML, Collada,
The model of the forms such as X3D, obj, by the analysis to its lumped parameter, obtains model points face and represents, obj forms, i.e. model by
Face set is constituted, and each face is then made up of an orderly point set, the method for expressing can by digital conversion meanses with
Adapt to different types of threedimensional model form.After model is obtained, the outer wheels profile surface of reserving model, for all inside model
Structure is deleted, and three-dimensional building model conversion is tieed up into shell model, and three-dimensional case model is made up of point-line-surface structure.The present invention
Middle mold structural synthesis simplify main by coordinate points merging algorithm realization, and the method is concretely comprised the following steps：First, the appearance of model is determined
Face, and case-deleted models internal structure；Pair with model outer surface, point of the combined distance within 0.1 meter, so as to generate simplified mould
Type structure.
Step 2. is clustered the point for constituting model surface according to height for the model after simplification, and by all tools
The point for having same or similar height is divided into one group.The clustering distance of the present invention is 0.2 meter, if the difference in height of i.e. two points is more than
0.2 meter is then classified as different classes, otherwise gathers for a class, and the point inside same class is configured to into three-dimensional building model after cluster
Cross section, and BUILDINGS MODELS is divided into by many levels with this；All points in first to the model after simplification are according to height
Clustered, all differences in height 0.2 meter can only point belong to same group；For the point of different groups, whether it is judged two-by-two
In approximately the same plane, if it is, generating mistake this line segment of 2 points；For the line segment in same group, carry out head and the tail and connect
Connect, so as to constitute point a face, for hitch point (only or without line segment do not cross the point) then selects its nearest 1 (only 1
Bar line segment) or 2 points (wireless segment crosses the point) carry out, and the transversal of three-dimensional building model is gone out with this line segment aggregate connecting structure
Face.For two points in same group, if it is with a face, the mistake of construction one 2 points of the line segment, by same group
All line segments join end to end, so as to obtain cross section of the three-dimensional building in this group of height.
Step 3. selects the side in cross section, and is extended with this and for cross section to be divided into 2 parts, this is calculated respectively two-part
Minimum area-encasing rectangle area, and it is compared with the minimum area-encasing rectangle of undivided model, the area on the side is designated as with this
Diminution value；Select it is all in maximum area diminution value while, model is split, simultaneously for the model after segmentation
The application of the iteration partitioning algorithm, until the area of model is less than 5 square metres, or maximum diminution value is less than 1 square metre；Finally
Minimum area-encasing rectangle set after with segmentation is representing the cross section.
The rectangle overlapped with projection in step 4. pair minimum area-encasing rectangle set carries out sequence from top to bottom；If gained
Sequence is tieed up：r0, r1…rn, wherein riFor above-mentioned segmentation rectangle, 0≤i≤n；For any two adjacent rectangle riWith ri+1If,
riWith ri+1With identical projection, then construct and generate a cuboid, the height of the cuboid is riWith ri+1Difference, length and width with
riIt is identical, if riWith ri+1Projection it is misaligned, then construct one with riFor top, ri+1For the terrace with edge at bottom, particularly for riFor
The situation of point or line, will respectively construct pyramid and prism.
Building threedimensional model is replaced with corresponding construction entity sets simplified model by the present invention, and model can be greatly reduced
Complexity and data volume, can also significantly improve the speed that threedimensional model is rendered.Jing test, data compression rate more than 90%,
Frame per second per second improves 50%.This is that the parametrization for realizing model basic element is shared due to passing through segmentation, therefore by element
Replicate, improve three-dimensional rendering efficiency, the method is particularly suitable for the rendering hardware system using geometric element projection, that is, passes through
Duplication and set transform to predefined basic element, the system for realizing threedimensional model quick visualization.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method for simplifying of three-dimensional building model, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1. obtains three-dimensional building model, the outer wheels profile surface of reserving model, for all structures inside model are deleted
Remove, be three-dimensional case model by three-dimensional building model conversion；
Step 2. is clustered all of point data of shell model with its height value：By all with same or similar height
Point is divided into one group, and for two points in same group, such as fruit dot, will with mistake 2 points of the line segment in a face, is then constructed
All line segments in group join end to end, and obtain cross section of the three-dimensional building in the height group；
Step 3. selects the side in cross section, and is extended with this and for cross section to be divided into two parts, this is calculated respectively two-part most
Little encirclement rectangular area, and it is compared with the minimum area-encasing rectangle of undivided model, the area contracting on the side is designated as with this
Little value；Select it is all in produce maximum area diminution values while, model is split, for the model iteration after segmentation
Using above-mentioned partitioning algorithm, until the area of model is less than threshold value 1, or maximum diminution value is less than threshold value 2；It is last with segmentation after
Minimum surround set of matrices to represent the cross section；
Step 4. pair carries out sequence from top to bottom with the rectangle that projection overlaps；If gained sequence is tieed up：r0, r1…rn, wherein ri
For above-mentioned segmentation rectangle, 0≤i≤n；For any two adjacent rectangle riWith ri+1If, riWith ri+1With identical projection,
Then construction generates a cuboid, and the height of the cuboid is riWith ri+1Difference, length and width and riIt is identical, if riWith ri+1Throwing
Shadow is misaligned, then construct one with riFor top, ri+1For the terrace with edge at bottom, particularly for riFor point or the situation of line, structure will be distinguished
Produce pyramid and prism.
2. the method for simplifying of a kind of three-dimensional building model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step 1
Three-dimensional case model is made up of point-line-surface structure.
3. the method for simplifying of a kind of three-dimensional building model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step 3
Threshold value 1 is 5 square metres, and threshold value 2 is 1 square metre.
4. the method for simplifying of a kind of three-dimensional building model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the step 4
Pyramid is the tower structure of three-dimensional building model, and prism is the roof structure of three-dimensional building model.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110263875A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-20 | 重庆市筑智建信息技术有限公司 | Method and system for comparing contour similarity of members in building BIM management |
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| CN104680581A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-06-03 | 西安电子科技大学 | Architecture object selection method in three-dimensional environment |
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| US20160274214A1 (en) * | 2011-10-03 | 2016-09-22 | Westell, Inc. | Pilot beacon system for indoor positioning |
| CN104680581A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2015-06-03 | 西安电子科技大学 | Architecture object selection method in three-dimensional environment |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110263875A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-09-20 | 重庆市筑智建信息技术有限公司 | Method and system for comparing contour similarity of members in building BIM management |
| CN110263875B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2021-05-14 | 重庆市筑智建信息技术有限公司 | Method and system for comparing contour similarity of members in building BIM management |
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