CN106570298A - Construction method and application of continuous high-concentration sand discharging model of vertical sand bin for superfine tailings - Google Patents
Construction method and application of continuous high-concentration sand discharging model of vertical sand bin for superfine tailings Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 272
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 title abstract 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 60
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- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 232
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 7
- 206010030113 Oedema Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 6
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- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910007568 Zn—Ag Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910020218 Pb—Zn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a construction method and application of a continuous high-concentration sand discharging model of a vertical sand bin for superfine tailings, and belongs to the technical field of mining. The differences between the constructed sand discharging model and the existing gravity settling model are that the projects of feeding, overflow and underflow sand discharging, in a same sand bin, of the constructed sand discharging model are carried out at the same time; and the existing gravity settling model needs a plurality of groups of vertical sand bins to carry out the sand loading and tailing settling processes at the same time to satisfy a sand bin sand discharging process, and each sand bin needs to undergo a process of carrying out feeding and overflow until the whole sand bin is full of tailings and then carrying out underflow sand discharging. The model constructed according to the method has the advantages of decreasing the work quantity of the sand bin, avoiding the step of emptying the sand bin to change the sand bin, simplifying an operation process of mud making, greatly decreasing the quantity of secondary mud making of high-pressure wind water in the sand discharging process, and saving the costs of water and electricity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mining technique field, and in particular to a kind of ultra-fine tailings vertical sand warehouse continuous high-concentration stable state puts sand
The construction method of model and application.
Background technology
Tailing-filled mining technique is a kind of economic and environment-friendly new technique of modern mining, with other mining methods phases
Than, there is process is simple, low cost, high stoping rate, job safety, environmental protection, and can back production complicated geological bar
Uneasily mining orebody and deep orebody under part, therefore Cut-and-fill Mining Technology also increasingly paid attention to, and is being constantly brought forth new ideas and is being developed.At present
Mine tailing is considered as a kind of distant view resource and is stored in down-hole, treat that Technological Economy maturation in future carries out resource secondary exploitation profit again to which
With.
Vertical sand warehouse is a kind of main units for hydraulic filling, generally by 8～10m's of diameter, highly 18～20m
Cylinder and bottom hemisphere or the composition of the cone with certain cone angle.Its filling system in being longitudinally arranged, take up an area by simple structure
Area is little.Precipitation tailings is directly prepared into high-concentration mortar using bunker by vertical sand warehouse filling system, with lot of advantages：
(1) effluent concentration under static conditions is low, and seldom, tailings utilizing rate is high for the tailings thin mud taken away；(2) simple structure, it is a whole set of de-
Drainage facility can substantially reduce capital expenditure without any moving component relative to dense and filtering means dehydration；(3) using naturally heavy
Drop dehydration, richer and filtering means dehydration can greatly save energy consumption, dehydration cost is greatly lowered, while simple to operate, maintenance side
Just；(4), after crude tailings pulping, even concentration is conducive to the preparation and conveying of casting resin.
At the beginning of 20th century 70, vertical sand warehouse filling system has obtained popularization and application at home.As tailings is in vertical sand
Saturated sand is precipitated as in storehouse, if can be flowed out by sandpipe is put, it is necessary to first carry out pulping, be allowed to fluidization.It is typically designed in sand
High-pressure blast water pipe is installed to complete in orlop portion.When vertical sand warehouse is introduced from foreign countries originally, put sand mechanism and recognize due to technology, to tailings
The reason for aspect such as the degree of knowledge and operational misleading, cause, in filling system running, to cause spray nozzle clogging and damage
Bad, the mode using wind and water combined activation is fewer and feweri, generally using water under high pressure come the tailings that liquefies, thus, in China using vertical
The mine generally existing in formula sand storehouse and puts the low and unstable problem of sand concentration, greatly reduces the intensity of obturator, is degrading
The working environment of down-hole.Late 1970s, successively occur in that at home three kinds it is different types of cementing for classified tailingses
The commerical test of the vertical sand warehouse of filling：Shandong Jiaojia ball-type bottom vertical sand warehouse, the tapered bottom vertical sand of Nanjing Qixia Pb-Zn-Ag ore
Storehouse, the vertical sand warehouse of Tonglushan Mine copper mine siphon mode, these tests all achieve good effect, are cemented backfilling technology
Fast development is laid a good foundation.Traditional cone bottom vertical sand warehouse is utilized in Dongguashan Copper Mine, according to pressure control fluidizer principle in which
Portion's structure carries out appropriate reconstruction, researches and develops successfully underflow and puts sand concentration and can meet the new of crude tailings high concentration and paste body filling requirement
Vertical sand warehouse, expense are also greatly lowered, and are that the application for promoting vertical sand warehouse sedimentation techniques is made that significant contribution.
Vertical sand warehouse is the sand supplying system of tailing filling system, typically by silo roof, in overflow barrel, orlop and its cabin
Pulping pipe fitting and five part of storehouse seat composition.Typically through following process：
L () deposits sand：The crude tailings for coming free factory directly pump into storage in sand storehouse from silo roof, if doing cementing with classified tailingses
Filling aggregate, the then crude tailings for coming free factory are first thick after desliming through the hydroclone classification desliming process in silo roof
Grain tailings is deposited on sand orlop portion in sand body state into sand storehouse, and oversaturated water is then present on tailings body, if the water surface is super
The overflow launder of silo roof is crossed, then water is just overflowed from overflow launder.
(2) pulping：Before putting sand, first water is sent with high-pressure water pipe, water under high pressure is by the nozzle spray on the ring pipe in sand storehouse
Go out, the sand body for being deposited on Sha Cang bottoms is blown into pine, make the solid particle presentation suspended state in nethermost supersaturation tailings body.
(3) soften and put sand mouth：If put sand mouth long-time do not put sand may be hardened, therefore before opening puts sand gate valve,
First loosened with water under high pressure and put sand mouth, sand orlop will be got lodged in the tailings top pine put on this section of pipe of sand main valve.
(4) put sand：Can open after above-mentioned two step and put sand valve and carry out putting sand.When putting sand, the densitometer on sandpipe is put
Pulp consistency can be detected at any time, the aperture of pulping water pipe water supply valve is adjusted accordingly, make pulp consistency keep stable.
At present, the conventional sand form of putting of vertical sand warehouse is：Flow by gravity is put sand, hydrocone type and puts sand and conical orlop single tube
Put three kinds of sand.
L () flow by gravity puts sand.There is bottom centre's single hole gravity to put the resistances such as sand and bottom porous and put sand.The former exists
Put sand flow amount and concentration change is big, wayward regulation, dewatering and coagulating area are big, the low problem of sand storehouse utilization rate, thus workability
Can not be good.The resistance Fang Shashi such as porous is put at center and be evenly arranged around sand mouth again 3 and put sand mouth, and puts sand mouth week at each
The multiple mud making spray nozzles of installation are enclosed, mud making spray nozzle is arranged on feed pipe vertically upward.This puts sand mode, and to put sand concentration unstable, and half
Spherical bottom easily blocks.
(2) hydrocone type puts sand.It is this to be at the unloading in sand storehouse the characteristics of put sand mode and put voltage supply at the suction inlet of sandpipe
Power water, the precipitation sand between suction inlet and hose nozzle floats under hydraulic pressure effect and is inhaled into siphon puts sandpipe, and constantly by
The precipitation sand for newly falling is filled up and is emptied area, so as to keep continuously putting sand.Consistencyregulator is installed in suction inlet, by moving casing
It is flexible to change the distance of suction inlet and water pipe to adjust concentration.The flexible of moving casing can pass through cylinder or oil cylinder realization.Nozzle
It is same that arrangement principle puts sand facies with gravity.By its operation principle, higher than siphon summit storage sand state when just to press
Sand, otherwise puts sand for suction type negative pressure.But not into storehouse before water spray pulping, precipitation sand only has quasi-fluid properties, thus puts
Sand must cause partial vacuum to water-filling drain in suction pipe before starting, and along with pulping of spraying water in storehouse, mortar is in ability after fluidised form
Release.Hydrocone type puts sand concentration height, but due to there is vacuum in siphon, causes vibration larger, do not allow to be fixed easily in sand inlet,
Substantially eliminate.
(3) conical orlop single tube puts sand.Orlop is taper, has mud making spray nozzle in storehouse, using high pressure edema due to wind pathogen pulping.Can be
Tapered cap is installed in storehouse, orlop is installed and puts sand single tube and gate valve.When putting sand, gate valve is first opened.Because orlop cone angle is 50 ° left
The right side, bigger than the angle of repose that silt particle is piled up in water 10 ° -15 °, saturation sand setting is acted on by gravity and mortar column pressure, can be in non-cattle
The fluid that pauses overcomes flow resistance to release from the single tube of conical orlop.The warehouse scope very little that Er Chuliu areas affect so as to surrounding
Saturation sand setting flow out rapidly sand storehouse with the seepage flow of water.The saturation sand setting on tapered cap top is along tapered cap lower edge and bulkhead
Between the circular passage circle that formed slowly sinking to Chu Liu areas, annular excessively stream circle area is big, flow velocity very little, approximate laminar flow is transported
It is dynamic, flow speed stability, the probability very little that vortex is produced.Just because of this, conical bottom is put sand and can control fluid inertia force with bonding
The relative equilibrium of power, maintains the uniform decline in whole sand face in storehouse.But due to tapered cap it is not easy to install in sand orlop portion, typically
Seldom use, but arrange that a few ring shape pulping pipes and shower nozzle carry out pulping to the mortar in cone.This is put sand form and extensively applies
In cement bin polycrystalline substance, bonding, good fluidity are difficult.
For vertical sand warehouse puts the research of sand technology, it is devoted to mostly improving and vertical puts sand concentration.Using reasonably helping solidifying
Agent simultaneously adds appropriate dose reach the effect for improving density of discharged sand pulp from silo.Such as Wang Hanfang, Chen Debiao et al. exist
The one step flocculation concentration tail Mud Technology of vertical sand warehouse of Nanjing Pb-Zn-Ag ore research, by selecting rational flocculation and adding appropriate
Dose, makes the tail mud concentration after flocculating sedimentation exceed general thickening pond concentrated effect, meets the requirement of filling process, Er Qieshang
Portion's overflow water is limpid, can return to flotation and uses again；Wang Hui, Wang Fanghan et al. are in Xinyang Mining Ind Co., Ltd., Xixiashan, Nanjing using multiple
With flocculant Xn, in vertical sand warehouse, flocculating sedimentation complicated, fluctuation of concentration, -3um account for more than 80% flotation tail mud and take
Obtained desired result；Shi Xiuzhi, Hu Haiyan et al. are by studying vertical sand warehouse to all mouth Pb-Zn deposits crude tailings Experiment On Flocculations
Putting sand concentration and more than 65% being brought up to by original 50%-55%, and put sand and stablize, effluent concentration is controlled within 8%, is given
Bring considerable economic benefit in mine；Hui Lin, Zhousheng et al. are had shown that in Dongguashan Copper Mine research, in the case where there is flocculation aid,
Ore pulp can be formed compared with big flocculating body and be settled with most fast speed, reach the purpose of rapid subsidence, meanwhile, obtain limpid overflow
Mouth water outlet.Also just because of obtaining substantial amounts of flco, extend the sedimentation time of ore pulp, it is continuous and stable so as to be finally obtained
High-concentration underflow ore pulp, it is ensured that next step filling operation obtains higher pulp density.
Additionally, improving the design of sand storehouse nozzle and installing and reasonably arrange that the position of nozzle can also reach raising vertical
Put the effect of sand concentration in sand storehouse.The such as old analysis along the good crude tailings fluidization characteristics by vertical sand storehouse model test,
Establish local particulate fluidization and incline and dissipate the concepts such as formula positive stream, and these concepts are applied to the design of fluidising nozzle
And installation, by the particulate fluidization bed parameter calculating formula set up, bed pressure drop, expansion height and nozzle are determined in theory
Flow and the parameter such as operating pressure, admittedly the design for nozzle provides certain technical support；Cui Lun, Wang Jianbo etc. are artificially carried
Sand concentration is put in high vertical sand storehouse, have developed novel high-pressure wind nozzle.Proved by industrial field, using the nozzle and tune
The technologies such as the volume ratio of tailings and water in whole vertical sand warehouse, can make to put sand concentration up to 70%～75%, reach raising vertical
Put the purpose of sand concentration in sand storehouse；Zheng Jianming, Pan Mingyou et al. have used flat bottom type vertical sand storehouse in the design of Mao Jia stockaded villages iron mine, and pacify
Siphon unit is filled and effectively prevent bonding alluvial of the slurry in storehouse, made crude tailings realize stable high density slurry row
Put and obtain qualified backwater.
Hu second place et al. proposes pressure control fluidizer technology by object of study of stone people ditch iron mine filling system.By improve into
Sand mode：(1) increase the power bucket that disappears.Tailings pipe is moved under the rotation of bucket inwall along the power bucket tangent plane entrance that disappears, and discharge pressure is gradually
Eliminate in barrel, while being dehydrated flexible pipe into screw thread by bottom opening gravity flow, further eliminate residual pressure and deviate from certain
Primary water；(2) increase with sand system.To make tailings be evenly distributed to around sand storehouse, reduce turbulent flow and produce, with the addition of with sand cylinder.
Tube length is 2m, a diameter of 300mm pipes, and bottom seal trumpet type at an upper portion thereof position are opened 200 × 200mm holes, make tailings uniform
It is assigned in storehouse；(3) it is baffled before weir to ensure effluent quality to retain scum silica frost.Meanwhile, sand storehouse upper space is divided into by baffle plate
Two parts, baffle interior are settling zone, and outside is overflow settling section.Meanwhile, baffle plate settling zone overflow water enters via baffle plate bottom
Enter overflow launder, reduce its flow velocity.Ring-shaped baffle is that 4mm thickness corrosion resistant plates are rolled into, and is 1.5m per block length, is welded on roughing sand storehouse
On the interior overflow launder at top；(4) silo roof overflow water is returned in ore dressing concentration basin carries out secondary settlement, reaches ore dressing water blockage road and follows
Ring works.Effectively solve sand storehouse overflow water to clear up problems, it is ensured that ore dressing backwater water quality requirement.Sand storehouse is using overall activation pulping
Mode, orlop arrangement five enclose pulping endless tube.65cm spacing is pressed on endless tube mud making spray nozzle, installation direction vertical bin bottom are installed.
In order that sand setting fluidization in storehouse, opens air compressor machine before filling, gas is assigned in each loop by sub-cylinder, promotes wind
Dynamic fluidisation pulping nozzle piston is eventually leading to tailings in sand storehouse and inflates pulping to correct position.Take pressure control fluidizer technology continuous
Sand model is put, certain water under high pressure, high pressure gas is sprayed to some positions in storehouse using the auxiliary equipment in sand storehouse, to keep or increase
The mobile performance of orlop tailings, improves orlop and shakes out stability, the controllability of concentration and flow.Jing is natural, control two benches connect
Continue into sand, put the reasonability that sand test demonstrates pressure control fluidizer technology selected by which.
Hui Lin, Deng Daiqiang et al. are using by silo roof overflow clarification dewatering system, orlop nozzle activation system and control system
The continuous filling system of vertical sand warehouse nozzle activation crude tailings high concentration of three part compositions.Dehydration device bag is clarified in silo roof overflow
Include tailing slurry charging and flocculant blender, precipitation dehydrator and air gas skirt.Orlop nozzle activation system includes nozzle
Activation and flow-aid device liquefaction.Nozzle activation mainly makes the tailings fluidization of compressional zone, strengthens solid
The mobility of granule.In view of releasing, high concentration tailings mobility is poor, avoids orlop tailings from producing when flowing along orlop
The squeezing action of horizontal side force, is provided with flow-aid device in orlop.And the continuous Preparation equipment of crude tailings high concentration is have developed, in work
Preferable effect is achieved in industry test and the actual production of Dongguashan Copper Mine.
Reasonable employment flocculation aid simultaneously adds appropriate dose technology, is to rely on flocculant to be linked together fine grained tailings
Form larger granule group and mixed phenomenon is run to reach Accelerated subsidence and reduce overflow water, after tailings fills up sand storehouse, start bottom
Sand is banished, still be there is sand orlop portion's tailings as long-time piles up the operation of the secondary loosening that need to carry out high pressure edema due to wind pathogen, and put
In sand whole process, underflow density is unstable, and concentration change scope is larger；Improve the design of sand storehouse nozzle and install and rational
The position of arrangement nozzle, increased the liquefaction scope in sand orlop portion, and the tailings for alloing local accumulation excessively real fully liquefies, but
As the carrying out for putting sand, needs repeatedly carry out the secondary loosening in high pressure edema due to wind pathogen with nozzle, hydroelectric resources is wasted；For Hu second place
Et al. the vertical sand warehouse nozzle activation crude tailings high concentration that proposes of the pressure control fluidizer technology that proposes and Hui Lin, Deng Daiqiang et al. it is continuous
Filling system, has effectively solved bottom and has put the problems such as unstable sand concentration, big fluctuation of concentration scope and mixed overflow race,
Jing realizes that high-concentration stable puts sand, but reach practical significance continuously put sand because when a sand storehouse tailings is vented it
Afterwards, need to transferring, other continue to put sand already filled with the sand storehouse of tailings, so still needing multigroup vertical sand warehouse to rely on, need multiple
Sand storehouse carries out sand loading simultaneously and the process of tailings sedimentation puts the process of sand to meet a sand storehouse.
The application of high-efficiency sedimentation, continuous concentration scheduling theory research and technology with regard to concentrator relative maturity.Zhang Qing
Pine et al. has carried out numerical simulation to a kind of stalling characteristic of high-efficiency sedimentation separate tank with FLUENT softwares, draws different entrances
Under speed, its interior flow field distribution is similar；The sedimentation of Jia Kai, Wang Yongtian et al. with FLUENT softwares to black water in concentrator
Flow field and concentration distribution rule have carried out numerical simulation, obtain velocity vector field in slime water concentration thickener, coal slime
Concentration field and subregion is clearly settled, and the announcement coal slime concentration distribution rule for gearing to actual circumstances is established according to analog result
Mathematical model.By the simulation to infall process, Liu Bin et al. can learn that sedimentation velocity is most fast under which kind of feedstock concentrations,
Improve solid-liquid separation efficiency；Experiment and numerical simulation that Chang Yanyuan et al. is carried out to the method for determining size of sewage concentration machine height
Research, has drawn the model of settlement function, and then has calculated analysis by the comparison of result of calculation, demonstrated the accuracy of model.
Zhang Jinxia et al. is using the continuous sedimentation process of concentration basin as object of study, theoretical using sedimentation-concentration, sets up corresponding one
Dimension mathematical model.Fernando Betancourt, Raimund B ü rger et al. propose can according to suspension with the time change
Change characteristic being modeled to preferable concentrator and set up governing equation, it was demonstrated that impact of the rate of settling of granule to compression layer compared with
Greatly；Raimund B ü rger, Ariel Narv á ez et al. propose flocculated suspension liquid stable state, governing equation, production in concentrator
The computation model of ability, is proved by series of experiments, and dense to keep continuous stable state, its compression layer is at least above 3m；
K.A.LANDMAN, L.R.WHITE are studied to flocculated suspension liquid, propose solid-liquid separation, and solid phase has two stages, point
Wei not compress and consolidate；R.Burger, J.J.R.Damasceno et al. propose concentrator for the cross-sectional area of different vessels
The mathematical model of continuous concentration, and detailed analysis has been carried out to effective solid stress.
For the achievement in research then relative maturity of concentrator, some devices and size as vertical sand warehouse are not limited solely to
Deng optimization and transformation, but existing a set of more complete sedimentation-concentration theoretical system, including sand during concentrator is dense
The flow field analysis of slurry, the mathematical model of continuous concentration etc..But these mathematical modeies just for this radius of concentrator it is big,
Highly low moulded dimension and propose, be not particularly suited for little, the highly high this moulded dimension of vertical sand warehouse radius.
The content of the invention
Put while acting on alternating and putting sand, underflow in many storehouses of the present invention existing for existing vertical sand warehouse gravitational settling model
A kind of the problems such as secondary pulping being needed during sand, sand process concentrations fluctuation range is put and is difficult to control to greatly, there is provided ultra-fine tailings vertical sand warehouse
Continuous high-concentration stable state puts the construction method of sand mo(u)ld type and application, and the sand loading for being different from traditional vertical sand storehouse gravitational settling model is put
Sand, the present invention it is continuous it is highly concentrated stably put sand mo(u)ld type and not only effectively avoid bottom put that sand is unstable, concentration range fluctuation is big, put
Sand concentration such as is difficult to control at the difficult problem, also achieve truly continuously put sand.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows：
A kind of ultra-fine tailings vertical sand warehouse continuous high-concentration stable state puts the construction method of sand mo(u)ld type, comprises the steps：
Step (1), vertical sand warehouse reaches continuous-stable when putting sand state, and mortar in storehouse is divided into three from bottom to up
Region, compressional zone, decanting zone and clear water zone；Described compressional zone φ>φc, described decanting zone 0<φ<φc, described clear water
Area φ=0；φcCome into existence the critical concentration of effective solid stress for tailings granule in mortar；φ is mortar solution concentration；
Step (2), it is assumed that material inlet position is in clear water zone and the interface of decanting zone, while assuming that overflow solution is not contained
Tailings granule, simply contains aqueous medium, then obtain the mass balance equation of the solid, liquid phase as described in formula (5)：
In formula (5), x is height, unit m；
S (x) is the cross-sectional area in the sand storehouse at height x, unit m2；
φ is mortar solution concentration, without unit；
vrFor solid phase and the relative velocity of liquid phase, unit m/s；
T is the time, unit s；
Q (t) is unit area mixed volume flow in t sand storehouse, unit m3/h；
Step (3), if relative velocity vrIt is only relevant with concentration, in the case that the time is constant, can the company of drawing according to formula (5)
Continuous high concentration stable puts sand mo(u)ld type, as shown in formula (13)：
In formula (13), Δ ρ is tailings and the density contrast of water, units/kg/m3；
G is acceleration of gravity, value 9.8m/s2；
qRSand flow speed, m/s are put for underflow opening；
φDSand concentration is put to want the underflow opening for reaching, without unit；
fbk(φ) it is solids flux function；
σe' (φ) is effective solid stress derivative.
It is further preferred that described tailings density is determined with pycnometric method, measure tailings density and subtract each other with water density
Δ ρ can be obtained.
It is further preferred that the adquisitiones of solids flux function is：
Solids flux functionWherein, fbk(φ) it is solids flux, φ is mortar
Solution concentration, φmaxValue is 1, parameter v∞Drawn by fitting with n；
The mortar solution that mortar is each configured to variable concentrations is conventionally carried out into settling test respectively, will be calculated
The f for going outbk(φ) substitute in this equation with φ, carry out regression fit, fitting draws v∞With the value of n, solids flux function f is obtainedbk
(φ) equation.
It is further preferred that the adquisitiones of effectively solid stress is：
Effectively solid stress function σe(φ)=σ0exp(kφ),φ>φc, wherein, σe(φ) it is effective solid stress, φc
There is the critical concentration of effective solid stress, parameter σ for tailings granule0Drawn by fitting with k；
Using centrifuge test to σe(φ)、φ、φcValue tested, then will the σ that measures of experimente(φ)、φ、
φcBring into, carry out, fitting draws σ0With the value of k, σ is obtainede(φ) effective solid stress function
Equation.
The present invention also provides the ultra-fine tailings vertical sand warehouse continuous high-concentration stable state of above-mentioned construction method structure and puts sand mo(u)ld type
Application in sand is put, by Δ ρ, g, qR、φD、fbk(φ) and σe' (φ) is updated to formula (13), tries to achieve height x and mortar solution
The relational expression of concentration φ, then the maximum x of xmaxThe as sand face height of compressional zone and decanting zone interface；
Afterwards during sand is put, the sand face height x of the compressional zone and decanting zone interface is keptmax, then can be continuously highly concentrated
Degree stable state puts sand.
The principle of the present invention is as follows：
In Fig. 1, vertical sand warehouse reaches continuous-stable when putting sand state, and in storehouse, mortar is divided into three regions, works as φ>φc(φc
For critical concentration) when, it is compressional zone；When 0<φ<φcWhen, it is decanting zone；When φ=0, it is clear water zone.qL、qF、qRRespectively
Overfall flow velocity, material inlet flow velocity and underflow opening flow velocity, unit m/s.
Set up two basic assumptions that continuous high-concentration stably puts sand mo(u)ld type：
1. it is to set up model, it is assumed that material inlet position is in clear water zone and the interface of decanting zone.
2. it is the mass balance equation for setting up solid, liquid phase, it is assumed that overflow solution does not contain tailings granule, is simply situated between containing water
Matter.
When sand is continuously put in sand storehouse, it is a steady statue, ignores time factor, then certainly exist one
Dynamic equilibrium, and meet：Feeding coal (mWater+mSand)=spillway discharge (mWater)+put sand amount (mWater+mSand)
If the cross-sectional area in sand storehouse is S (x), the mass balance equation of solid, liquid phase can be set up, as shown in formula (1)：
In formula, vf- liquid velocity, unit m/s；vs- solid phase speed, unit m/s；The cross-sectional area in S (x)-sand storehouse, it is single
Position m2；The local solid volume concentration of φ-mortar；X-height, unit m；T is the time, unit s；
φ is the function of height x and time t, i.e. φ=φ (x, t).
Q is unit area mixed volume flow in sand storehouse, and its expression-form is as follows：
Q (x, t)=S (x) (φ vs+(1-φ)vf) formula (3)
Formula (1) and (2) simultaneous, arrangement can obtain the continuity equation of flow：
Above formula explanation flow Q is not change with x, i.e. Q (x, t)=Q (t).This is of equal value with formula (1), (2), allows which
Equation (2) is substituted, then formula (1) is rewritten with the equation containing Q (t).Equation can be constructed：
In formula, vrThe relative velocity of-solid-liquid, vr=vs-vf.Equation (4) is brought in (1) formula, is deformed and can be obtained
Equation：
Concentration and settlement theory hypothesis：Relative velocity vrOnly it is concentration, i.e. vr=vr, and v (φ)rCauchy's flux is used generally again
Density function fbk(φ) represent.Commonly used form is：
Consider(wherein ψ is the solid consumption at x), in uncompressed region, σe(φ) ≡ 0, stationary
(6) can be reduced toContinuous sedimentation equation can be drawn：
Introduce spread function and its original function is respectively：
In above formula, the density contrast of Δ ρ-tailings and water, units/kg/m3；G-acceleration of gravity, unit m/s2；σe′
(φ)-effective solid stress derivative；The spread function of a (φ)-introducing；The original function of A (φ)-introducing spread function.By formula
(8) substitute in formula (7), can obtain：
Under the conditions of time-invariant, equation (9) is reduced to：
In above formula, qR- underflow opening puts sand flow speed, unit m/s.Given QD(sand orlop banishes sand flow amount) is constant, and side
Journey (9) is stable, in the case that the time is constant, which is integrated, and the solution of equation (9) can meet below equation：
In formula, C is constant.When sand is put in underflow, φD＞ φC(φDSand concentration, φ are put for underflowCFor critical pressure reduced concentration
Degree, is the critical point of compressional zone and decanting zone in sand storehouse), C=Q is obtainedDφD.Substituted in equation (11), (12) can be obtained：
In compressional zone, pulp consistency is by φCIncrease to φD, formula (12) deformation can be obtained：
Namely：
Solids flux density function fbk(φ) the solid particle flux that, i.e., gravitational settling is produced, the concentration with solid particle
Relevant with sedimentation velocity, this value can be by being drawn by mortar settling test.Effectively solid stress σe(φ) can be by centrifuge test
Draw.
Δ ρ is tailings and the density contrast of water, and tailings density is determined with pycnometric method, measures tailings density and subtracted each other with water density
Δ ρ can be obtained；G is acceleration of gravity, value 9.8m/s2；φDSand concentration is put to want the underflow opening for reaching, according to the actual need in mine
Set；
fbk(φ) it is solids flux function, the commonly used equation of solids flux equation is Michael and Bolger
(1962) three-parameter inversion advised：For solids flux, φ is mortar
Solution concentration, φmaxValue is 1, parameter v∞Drawn by fitting with n), the mortar that mortar is each configured to variable concentrations is molten
Liquid carries out settling test respectively, by the f for calculatingbk(φ) substitute in this equation with φ, solids flux function f can be returned outbk
(φ) equation；
σe' (φ) is effective solid stress derivative, effective solid stress σe(φ) use what is proposed by Becker (1982)
Semiclassical equation：σe(φ)=σ0exp(kφ),φ>φc(σe(φ) it is effective solid stress, φcExist for tailings granule effective
The critical concentration of solid stress, parameter σ0Drawn by fitting with k), by σe(φ)、φ、φcParameter is brought in this equation and is carried out
Fitting, can return out effective solid stress σe(φ) equation.Above-mentioned parameter value is substituted in formula (13), can be used
Matlab softwares are solved, and can obtain height x and mortar solution concentration φ corresponding relation.
Sand mo(u)ld type and existing gravitational settling model difference that what the present invention built the put feed that is the former in the same sand storehouse,
Overflow puts the engineering of sand with underflow while carrying out, and the latter is the support for needing multigroup vertical sand warehouse, needs multiple sand storehouses simultaneously
The process for carrying out sand loading and tailings sedimentation puts the process of sand to meet a sand storehouse, each sand storehouse will through first carry out feed and
Overflow is until tailings carries out the process that sand is put in underflow after filling whole sand storehouse again.The inventive method model reduces the work in sand storehouse
Quantity, be reduced to only one group sand storehouse operation by multigroup sand storehouse operation before, it is to avoid the step of storehouse is changed in emptying sand storehouse, simplifies
The operating process of pulping, meanwhile, the quantity for putting the secondary pulping in high pressure edema due to wind pathogen during sand is greatly reduced, water power has been saved
Expense the advantages of.
Compared with prior art, its advantage is the present invention：
1. due to carrying out in same sand storehouse, so reducing the working quantity in sand storehouse, it is to avoid the step in storehouse is changed in emptying sand storehouse
Suddenly, simplify the operating process of pulping；
2., after putting sand mouth and carrying out high-pressure blast loosening in conical lower portion, can reach continuous-stable and put sand state, overcome and put
The big unmanageable problem of sand process concentrations fluctuation range.
3. the quantity for putting the secondary pulping in high pressure edema due to wind pathogen during sand is greatly reduced, the expense of water power has been saved.
Sand mo(u)ld type is put using the present invention, mining industry company limited of Yunnan Yuxi Dahongshan Copper Mine first prepares station by original demand
Three groups of sand storehouse operations are tapered to and only need to one group of sand storehouse operation, are put sand model with tradition and are compared, and reduce 66.7% sand storehouse work
Make quantity；Complete identical filling operation amount, tradition is put sand model sand storehouse and need to run 15 hours or so, sand mo(u)ld is put using the present invention
Type, putting the sand time tapers to 11 hours or so, improves the work efficiency for being close to 30%；Tradition puts sand model process high-pressure blast
Up to 30 minutes or so, put when sand mo(u)ld type only need to start sand is put using the present invention carried out secondary making to the secondary pulping accumulated time of water
Slurry, accumulated time 10 minutes or so, the charges for water and electricity for reducing the 66.7% secondary pulping in high pressure edema due to wind pathogen are used.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 stably puts sand model schematic for continuous high-concentration of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that continuous high-concentration of the present invention stably puts the sand storehouse height of sand mo(u)ld type and the curve chart of concentration relationship；
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
It will be understood to those of skill in the art that the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and should not be regarded as limiting this
Bright scope.Unreceipted particular technique or condition person in embodiment, according to technology or condition described by document in the art
Or carry out according to product description.Material therefor or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, are and can pass through to buy what is obtained
Conventional products.
Mortar solution concentration of the present invention is the volumetric concentration of mortar solution, that is, the volume of tailings and mortar solution it
Than.
A kind of ultra-fine tailings vertical sand warehouse continuous high-concentration stable state puts the construction method of sand mo(u)ld type, comprises the steps：
Step (1), vertical sand warehouse reaches continuous-stable when putting sand state, and mortar in storehouse is divided into three from bottom to up
Region, compressional zone, decanting zone and clear water zone；Described compressional zone φ>φc, described decanting zone 0<φ<φc, described clear water
Area φ=0；φcCome into existence the critical concentration of effective solid stress for tailings granule in mortar；φ is mortar solution concentration；
Step (2), it is assumed that material inlet position is in clear water zone and the interface of decanting zone.Assume that overflow solution is not contained simultaneously
Tailings granule, simply contains aqueous medium, then obtain the mass balance equation of the solid, liquid phase as described in formula (5)：
In formula (5), x is height, unit m；
S (x) is the cross-sectional area in the sand storehouse at height x, unit m3；
φ is mortar solution concentration, without unit；
vrFor solid phase and the relative velocity of liquid phase, unit m/s；
T is the time, unit s；
Q (t) is unit area mixed volume flow in t sand storehouse, unit m3/h；
Step (3), if relative velocity vrIt is only relevant with concentration, in the case that the time is constant, can the company of drawing according to formula (5)
Continuous high concentration stable puts sand mo(u)ld type, as shown in formula (13)：
In formula (13), Δ ρ is tailings and the density contrast of water, units/kg/m3；
G is acceleration of gravity, value 9.8m/s2；
qRSand flow speed, m/s are put for underflow opening；
φDSand concentration is put to want the underflow opening for reaching, without unit；
fbk(φ) it is solids flux function；
σe' (φ) is effective solid stress derivative.
Described tailings density is determined with pycnometric method, is measured tailings density and water density and is subtracted each other and can obtain Δ ρ.
The adquisitiones of solids flux function is：
Solids flux functionWherein, fbk(φ) it is solids flux, φ is mortar
Solution concentration, φmaxValue is 1, parameter v∞Drawn by fitting with n；
The mortar solution that mortar is each configured to variable concentrations is conventionally carried out into settling test respectively, will be calculated
The f for going outbk(φ) substitute in this equation with φ, carry out regression fit, fitting draws v∞With the value of n, solids flux function f is obtainedbk
(φ) equation.
The adquisitiones of effectively solid stress is：
Effectively solid stress function σe(φ)=σ0exp(kφ),φ>φc, wherein, σe(φ) it is effective solid stress, φc
There is the critical concentration of effective solid stress, parameter σ for tailings granule0Drawn by fitting with k；
Concentration is loaded for 0.12 mortar carries out centrifuge test in 15ml centrifuge tubes, test is using Hunan perseverance promise instrument
The medium-sized desk centrifuges of equipment company limited 3-5W, radius of turn is 12mm, be respectively provided with rotating speed 400,600,800,1000,
1200th, 1500,1700 (pm) seven shelves are tested, the σ for then measuring experimente(φ)、φ、φcBringing in this equation is carried out
Regression fit, is carried out, and fitting draws σ0With the value of k, σ is obtainede(φ) equation of effective solid stress function.
By Δ ρ, g, qR、φD、fbk(φ) and σe' (φ) is updated to formula (13), tries to achieve height x with mortar solution concentration φ
Relational expression, then the maximum x of xmaxThe as sand face height of compressional zone and decanting zone interface.
Application example
With mining industry company limited of Yunnan Yuxi Dahongshan Copper Mine first prepare station φ 9m, highly for 23m vertical sand warehouses as a example by,
Determine known parameters, Δ ρ is 1897kg/m3, g is value 9.8m/s2, φDFor 0.5421, qRIt is 0.283m/s (by underflow flow
Conversion draws), wherein fbk(φ)=2.61 φ (1- φ)10.86, σe(φ)=5.18exp (14.42* φ).
With matlab softwares, with method of Runge-Kutta to partial differential equation
Solved.The curve of height x and mortar solution concentration φ can be obtained
Figure, such as Fig. 2.
As shown in Figure 2, the concentration and flow and bottom underflow flow of good material inlet slip are given, by compressional zone and decanting zone
Interface is controlled sand storehouse height 10m or so (10.38m is shown as in figure), and underflow opening sustainable releasing concentration 54% in bottom is left
The slip of right (54.21% is shown as in figure).
Commerical test is carried out to scene, material inlet mortar flow is 320m3/ h, volumetric concentration are 13%, bottom underflow opening
Setting puts sand flow amount for 75m3/ h, starts to put sand in sand storehouse height 10m or so with decanting zone interface when compressional zone is determined, the bottom of at
The pulp consistency that overfall density pot in portion's is demarcated is also 54% or so.Confirm that continuous high-concentration stably puts the feasible of sand mo(u)ld type
Property.
Ultimate principle, principal character and the advantages of the present invention of the present invention has been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel it should be appreciated that the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments, the simply explanation described in above-described embodiment and description this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention also has various changes and modifications, these changes
Change and improvement is both fallen within scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appending claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of ultra-fine tailings vertical sand warehouse continuous high-concentration stable state puts the construction method of sand mo(u)ld type, it is characterised in that include as
Lower step：
Step (1), vertical sand warehouse reaches continuous-stable when putting sand state, and mortar in storehouse is divided into three areas from bottom to up
Domain, compressional zone, decanting zone and clear water zone；Described compressional zone φ>φc, described decanting zone 0<φ<φc, described clear water zone
φ=0；φcCome into existence the critical concentration of effective solid stress for tailings granule in mortar；φ is mortar solution concentration；
Step (2), it is assumed that material inlet position is in clear water zone and the interface of decanting zone；Assume that overflow solution does not contain tailings simultaneously
Granule, simply contains aqueous medium, then obtain the mass balance equation of the solid, liquid phase as described in formula (5)：
In formula (5), x is height, unit m；
S (x) is the cross-sectional area in the sand storehouse at height x, unit m3；
φ is mortar solution concentration, without unit；
vrFor solid phase and the relative velocity of liquid phase, unit m/s；
T is the time, unit s；
Q (t) is unit area mixed volume flow in t sand storehouse, unit m3/h；
Step (3), if relative velocity vrIt is only relevant with concentration, in the case that the time is constant, continuous height can be drawn according to formula (5)
Concentration stable state puts sand mo(u)ld type, as shown in formula (13)：
In formula (13), Δ ρ is tailings and the density contrast of water, units/kg/m3；
G is acceleration of gravity, value 9.8m/s2；
qRSand flow speed, m/s are put for underflow opening；
φDSand concentration is put to want the underflow opening for reaching, without unit；
fbk(φ) it is solids flux function；
σ′e(φ) it is effective solid stress derivative.
2. ultra-fine tailings vertical sand warehouse continuous high-concentration stable state according to claim 1 puts the construction method of sand mo(u)ld type, its
It is characterised by, described tailings density is determined with pycnometric method, measures tailings density and subtract each other with water density and can obtain Δ ρ.
3. ultra-fine tailings vertical sand warehouse continuous high-concentration stable state according to claim 1 puts the construction method of sand mo(u)ld type, its
It is characterised by, the adquisitiones of solids flux function is：
Solids flux functionWherein, fbk(φ) it is solids flux, φ is mortar solution
Concentration, φmaxValue is 1, parameter v∞Drawn by fitting with n；
The mortar solution that mortar is each configured to variable concentrations is conventionally carried out into settling test respectively, by what is calculated
fbk(φ) substitute in this equation with φ, carry out regression fit, fitting draws v∞With the value of n, solids flux function f is obtainedbk(φ)
Equation.
4. ultra-fine tailings vertical sand warehouse continuous high-concentration stable state according to claim 1 puts the construction method of sand mo(u)ld type, its
It is characterised by, the adquisitiones of effective solid stress is：
Effectively solid stress function σe(φ)=σ0exp(kφ),φ>φc, wherein, σe(φ) it is effective solid stress, φcFor tail
There is the critical concentration of effective solid stress, parameter σ in sand granule0Drawn by fitting with k；
Using centrifuge test to σe(φ)、φ、φcValue tested, then will the σ that measures of experimente(φ)、φ、φcBring into
Regression fit is carried out in this equation, is carried out, fitting draws σ0With the value of k, σ is obtainede(φ) equation of effective solid stress function
Formula.
5. the ultra-fine tailings vertical sand warehouse continuous high-concentration stable state that the construction method described in claim 1-4 any one builds is put
Application of the sand mo(u)ld type in sand control, it is characterised in that by Δ ρ, g, qR、φD、fbk(φ) with σ 'e(φ) formula (13) is updated to, is asked
The relational expression of height x and mortar solution concentration φ is obtained, then the maximum x of xmaxThe as sand face of compressional zone and decanting zone interface
Highly；
Afterwards during sand is put, the sand face height x of the compressional zone and decanting zone interface is keptmax, then can continuous high-concentration it is steady
State puts sand.
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