CN106569282B - A kind of earthquake-capturing excitation well depth designing method - Google Patents
A kind of earthquake-capturing excitation well depth designing method Download PDFInfo
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/40—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
- G01V1/44—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators and receivers in the same well
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of earthquake-capturing excitation well depth designing methods, comprising: 1) carries out inverting to work area previous earthquake data and obtain shallow layer surface model；2) work area previous earthquake data well depth is projected into acquisition excitation rate situation of change on shallow layer surface model, obtains best excitation rate variation range in conjunction with data quality situation of change；3) optimal well depth depth is obtained by field construction well depth parameter experiment, the corresponding speed of the depth is read in shallow layer surface model, determines the best excitation rate in work area or work area part；4) according to excitation point design position and the best excitation rate of determination, extracting the best excitation rate in the position, corresponding depth on shallow layer surface model to obtain the final product.This method realizes that each excitation point well depth determines, overcome the drawbacks of shallow-layer physical property changes between being difficult to reflect points for investigation when relying solely on shallow-layer points for investigation progress well depth design, the target for improving separated time design efficiency and seismic data acquisition quality is reached, well depth design is more efficient and rational.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to seismic acquisition technical fields, and in particular to a kind of earthquake-capturing excitation well depth designing method.
Background technique
Earthquake-capturing operation is first link of seismic prospecting, and the quality of collecting data directly affects final interpretation results
Quality.In earthquake-capturing operation, excitation well depth is important construction parameter, and best excitation well depth records noise to raising
It is more obvious than effect in terms of, resolution ratio.
Currently, well depth design relies primarily on shallow-layer survey data, by test determine best excitation well depth and phreatic surface or
Low velocity layer (LVL) bottom, high-speed layer top circle relation of plane determine the excitation well depth between shallow-layer points for investigation then by interpolation.Interpolation Process
In, need to assume low velocity layer (LVL), speed reduction layer, high-speed layer interfacial thickness and the speed between shallow-layer points for investigation that well depth design is relied on
It is all linear change.But the variation of field shallow earthquake geological conditions is more complicated, and is influenced by elevation variation.
Solution is to increase shallow-layer investigation dot density, and the influence of elevation variation is determined by testing, elevation is added in well depth design
Influence coefficient.Obviously, restricted using the excitation well depth quality that the above well depth designing method determines by the following conditions: one is limited
Shallow-layer investigates dot density, second is that work area shallow earthquake complex geologic conditions degree.
The routine of static correction is solved the problems, such as when having become seism processing using seismic data inverting shallow layer surface model
Method contains shallow earth's surface speed abundant, thickness change information by the terrain model that inverting obtains.Currently, work area is previous
Seismic data does not embody the reference significance of well depth design directly in Collecting operation.It is general that geology is carried out in new district
It looks into, due to lacking old seismic data, earthquake-capturing operation can only carry out well depth design using above method.But it is spending
The work area of survey stage carries out earthquake-capturing operation, relies solely on shallow-layer points for investigation and carries out well depth design, not only separated time design effect
Rate cannot improve, and well depth design accuracy problem also still remains.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of earthquake-capturing excitation well depth designing methods, overcome and rely solely on shallow-layer points for investigation
It carries out being difficult to reflect when well depth design the drawbacks of shallow-layer physical property changes between points for investigation, improves separated time design efficiency and seismic data is adopted
Collect quality.
In order to achieve the goal above, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
A kind of earthquake-capturing excitation well depth designing method, including the following steps:
1) inverting is carried out to work area previous earthquake data, obtains shallow layer surface model；
2) well depth of work area previous earthquake data is projected on shallow layer surface model, obtains corresponding work area or work area part
Excitation rate situation of change, obtain best excitation rate variation range in conjunction with data quality situation of change；
3) optimal well depth depth is obtained by field construction well depth parameter experiment, the optimal well is read in shallow layer surface model
Speed corresponding to depth according to the speed and combines the resulting excitation rate situation of change of step 2) and best excitation rate
Variation range determines the best excitation rate in work area or work area part；
4) according to excitation point design position and the best excitation rate of determination, the best excitation rate in the position is extracted in shallow-layer
On terrain model corresponding depth to get the excitation point design well depth.
Earthquake-capturing excitation well depth designing method of the invention is applied to spend survey stage, carries out two-dimentional survey grid encryption
Or carried out on the basis of two-dimentional survey grid three-dimensional acquisition operation, on three-dimensional basic carry out high-precision, density three-dimensional operation when
Excitation well depth design.Shallow-layer points for investigation achievement (shallow-layer survey data) when previous earthquake data further includes Collecting operation.
Earthquake-capturing excitation well depth designing method of the invention, it is anti-first with existing seismic data and shallow-layer survey data
Shallow layer surface is drilled, work area superficial part speed, thickness change model are obtained, then to previous seismic data quality and excitation well depth in mould
Corresponding velocity variations relationship is analyzed in type, in conjunction with the best well depth that excitation well depth testing data determines, in summary
Two steps determine best excitation well depth speed corresponding on shallow layer surface model, bent with the speed on shallow layer surface model
Line corresponds to depth and instructs well depth design.
In step 1), the inverting is to carry out the inverting based on first break information to work area previous earthquake data.
Wherein, micro logging is obtained when previous earthquake data first break information includes shallow layer surface speed, thickness information, earthquake-capturing
Or little refraction interpretation results.Using previous earthquake data first break information, work area shallow-layer speed and thickness changing trend are determined.
In step 1), the inverting uses chromatography conversion method.
In refutation process, model is constrained using little refraction, the micro-logging data of progress synchronous with Collecting operation.Mesh
Be to obtain reliable construction area shallow layer surface speed and thickness change information.This speed and thickness change information are in inverting area
Domain is the curve of consecutive variations, rather than the only broken line determined by shallow-layer points for investigation interpolation, the shallow-layer letter that it is included
Breath is more fully, accurately.
In step 2), the excitation rate situation of change based on entire work area, from corresponding well depth excitation rate variation and work area
Determine that best excitation rate and the speed in the variation range in work area, and pass through in previous earthquake data resolution, signal-to-noise ratio comparison
Well depth is verified and is determined.
In step 3), in field construction well depth parameter experiment, in conjunction with shallow-layer investigation single-point accuracy and shallow layer surface mould
Type is at shallow-layer thickness, the accuracy of velocity variations trend, analysis, statistics and the corresponding shallow layer surface model of verification test well depth
Speed, determine the best excitation rate in work area or work area part.Excitation rate herein is the determining well depth of finger to finger test shallow
Speed corresponding to depth on layer terrain model is not the practical shallow-layer investigation speed of earth's surface test well depths.
Excitation well depth generally corresponds to variation obvious velocity interface (such as a low velocity layer (LVL) bottom interface, high-speed layer top
Interface, phreatic surface etc.).And itself is a speed-thickness models for the artillery first arrival inverse model of shallow-layer achievement constraint, pass through
The speed of this model, well depth and shallow Model, thickness just have corresponding relationship.
It in field construction well depth parameter experiment, is contacted, is tied according to this between field well depth testing site and surface structure
Shallow-layer investigation single-point accuracy and artillery chromatography model are closed in shallow-layer thickness, the accuracy of velocity variations trend, statistical test is true
Fixed well depth it is corresponding chromatography model at speed, can determine the optimal excitation rate in one, work area or work area part
One best excitation rate.It, can be with accurate perception this speed in work by the shallow layer surface model that seismic data inverting obtains
Variation in area.
It repeats step 4) and obtains the design well depth of each excitation point, realize work area or work area locally point-by-point well depth design.
According to the determining best excitation rate of test, the speed corresponding depth on inverse model can be directly extracted,
This depth value is excitation well depth.The well depth of each excitation point can simply be obtained by this method in work area
?.
Earthquake-capturing excitation well depth designing method of the invention needs to obtain to having seismic data progress inverting early period
Then work area shallow layer surface model (synchronizes the shallow-layer points for investigation carried out, thread test data by other data when earthquake-capturing
Deng) supplemented, realize the determination of each excitation point well depth.
For entire work area, shallow-layer low velocity layer thickness, speed often change acutely, and little refraction and micro logging
Dot density is lower, only relies on the determination that shallow-layer survey data is not enough to accurately instruct each excitation point well depth.And there is inverting
Model and best excitation rate, well depth design just overcome the inaccuracy of linear interpolation, are truly realized the point-by-point well in work area
Deep design.
Earthquake-capturing excitation well depth designing method of the invention, the operating area for being included using the previous seismic data in work area
Shallow-layer points for investigation achievement when shallow earth's surface information, Collecting operation, determines work area shallow-layer speed and thickness changing trend, in conjunction with well
Deep testing data determines the best excitation rate in work area or work area specific region, according to depth corresponding to best excitation rate into
And determine well depth corresponding to each excitation physical points of work area.The excitation well depth designing method is applied to existing two dimension or three-dimensional
The operations such as two-dimentional detailed survey or three-dimensional repeated acquisition, three-dimensional high-precision, three-dimensional high-density on the basis of seismic data, realize each
The determination of a excitation point well depth overcomes shallow-layer between being difficult to reflect points for investigation when relying solely on shallow-layer points for investigation progress well depth design
The drawbacks of physical property changes has reached the target for improving separated time design efficiency and seismic data acquisition quality, has made well depth design more
Efficiently, rationally.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the shallow layer surface model of previous earthquake Data Inversion；
Fig. 2 is the shallow layer surface speed and well depth relation schematic diagram of Fig. 1 partial enlargement；
Fig. 3 is the corresponding excitation rate distribution map in well depth position；
Fig. 4 is the comparison diagram of adjacent big gun line difference excitation rate.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated With reference to embodiment.
In specific embodiment, the earthquake-capturing excitation well depth designing method, applied to having spent survey stage, into
Row two dimension survey grid encryption or the three-dimensional acquisition operation carried out on the basis of two-dimentional survey grid carry out high-precision on three-dimensional basic, are high
Well depth design when density three-dimensional operation.
Embodiment 1
The earthquake-capturing excitation well depth designing method of the present embodiment, including the following steps:
1) tomographic inversion based on first break information is carried out to work area previous earthquake data, obtains shallow layer surface model；Work area
Shallow-layer points for investigation achievement (shallow-layer survey data) when previous earthquake data includes previous seismic data and Collecting operation；
In refutation process, model is constrained using little refraction, the micro-logging data of progress synchronous with Collecting operation, is obtained
To reliable construction area shallow layer surface speed and thickness change information, this speed and thickness change information are to connect in inverting region
The curve (as shown in Figure 1) of continuous variation, Fig. 2 are the deeply corresponding speed of the part Fig. 1 adjacent well, thickness change schematic diagram, it is clear that figure
Velocity variations are continuous curves between well 1 shown in 2 and well 2, rather than the shallow-layer points for investigation only set by two well locations interleaves
Broken line determined by being worth.Therefore, when encrypting shot point between well 1 and well 2, linear interpolation is obviously excessively dogmatic；
2) well depth of work area previous earthquake data is projected on shallow layer surface model, obtains the excitation rate in entire work area
Situation of change；Excitation rate situation of change based on entire work area, from corresponding well depth excitation rate variation and work area previous earthquake
Determine best excitation rate and the speed in the variation range in work area in data resolution, signal-to-noise ratio comparison；
Length velocity relation corresponding to the well depth of work area previous earthquake data as shown in figure 3, obtain whole in which therefrom can be convenient
The situation of change of a work area excitation rate plays intuitive finger to well depth test and work area or the selection of work area local excitation speed
It leads；Can also it understand from corresponding well depth excitation rate variation and work area previous earthquake data resolution, signal-to-noise ratio comparison simultaneously
Early period data collection well depth design defect；
3) optimal well depth depth is obtained by field construction well depth parameter experiment, the optimal well is read in shallow layer surface model
Speed corresponding to depth determines the best excitation rate in work area or work area part according to the speed；Specifically:
Work area typical case geomorphic unit is selected to carry out field construction well depth parameter experiment；In field construction well depth parameter experiment
In, according to contacting between field well depth testing site and surface structure, mould is chromatographed in conjunction with shallow-layer investigation single-point accuracy and artillery
Speed of the type at shallow-layer thickness, the accuracy of velocity variations trend, the corresponding chromatography model of the well depth that statistical test determines；
In conjunction with shallow-layer investigation single-point accuracy and (artillery first arrival inverting) shallow layer surface model in shallow-layer thickness, velocity variations
The accuracy of trend is analyzed, the speed at statistics and the corresponding shallow layer surface model of verification test well depth, can determine work area
(excitation rate herein is the well that finger to finger test determines for one best excitation rate or a best excitation rate of work area part
The deep speed corresponding to the depth on shallow layer surface model is not the practical shallow-layer investigation speed of earth's surface test well depths.
In fact, usually having biggish difference between both)；It, can be with by the shallow layer surface model that seismic data inverting obtains
Variation of this speed of accurate perception in work area；
4) according to excitation point design position and the best excitation rate of determination, the best excitation rate in the position is extracted in shallow-layer
On terrain model corresponding depth to get the excitation point design well depth；
It repeats step 4) and obtains the design well depth of each excitation point, realize work area or work area locally point-by-point well depth design.
Example
Using the earthquake-capturing excitation well depth designing method of embodiment 1 to the practical money of the three-dimensional data of Ordos Basin
Material carries out excitation well depth design and is analyzed, and quality (frequency bandwidth especially recorded) is recorded under identical dose and shaft bottom is swashed
Hair speed has close connection.
Fig. 4 is the two rows of adjacent big gun lines (in rectangle marked area) in the rightmost side Fig. 3, continuous each three notes under different excitation rates
Record comparison.Best excitation rate in Fig. 3 is 1400 meter per seconds.Three continuously record the corresponding excitation speed of practical well depth on the left of Fig. 4
Spending reading value is respectively 1401 meter per seconds, 1403 meter per seconds, 1410 meter per seconds；It is respectively 1451 meter per seconds, 1449 that record is opened on right side three
Meter per second, 1453 meter per seconds.The upper figure of Fig. 4 is original record, and the following figure is the record of high-pass filtering in 50 weeks.
It is recorded from corresponding high-pass filtering in 50 weeks, it is evident that record target zone is opened in the left side three of corresponding best excitation rate
Punishment resolution is better than three Zhang Jilu that right side is greater than best excitation rate.All oval pairs at rectangle mark of comprehensive analysis Fig. 3
Than record, higher or lower than the record that best excitation rate obtains, resolution ratio will be lower than the note closer to best excitation rate
Record.
On inversion speed model, the increasing of well depth means that excitation rate increases therewith.Above-mentioned analysis result and reality
Well depth test is consistent, i.e., records more than or less than the record quality of best excitation well depth lower than best excitation well depth, show to take
This well depth designing method is effective.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of earthquake-capturing excitation well depth designing method, it is characterised in that: include the following steps:
1) inverting is carried out to work area previous earthquake data, obtains shallow layer surface model；
2) well depth of work area previous earthquake data is projected on shallow layer surface model, obtains swashing for corresponding work area or work area part
Velocity variations situation is sent out, obtains best excitation rate variation range in conjunction with data quality situation of change；
3) optimal well depth depth is obtained by field construction well depth parameter experiment, it is deep that the optimal well is read in shallow layer surface model
The corresponding speed of degree according to the speed and combines the resulting excitation rate situation of change of step 2) and best excitation rate to change
Range determines the best excitation rate in work area or work area part；
4) according to excitation point design position and the best excitation rate of determination, the best excitation rate in the position is extracted in shallow layer surface
On model corresponding depth to get the excitation point design well depth；
In step 3), in field construction well depth parameter experiment, exist in conjunction with shallow-layer investigation single-point accuracy and shallow layer surface model
The accuracy of shallow-layer thickness, velocity variations trend is analyzed, the speed at statistics and the corresponding shallow layer surface model of verification test well depth
Degree, determines the best excitation rate in work area or work area part.
2. earthquake-capturing excitation well depth designing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the excitation well depth design side
Method, which refers to, has spent survey stage, carry out two-dimentional survey grid encryption or the three-dimensional acquisition operation carried out on the basis of two-dimentional survey grid,
Excitation well depth design when high-precision, density three-dimensional operation is carried out on three-dimensional basic.
3. earthquake-capturing excitation well depth designing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described anti-in step 1)
Drill is to carry out the inverting based on first break information to work area previous earthquake data.
4. earthquake-capturing excitation well depth designing method according to claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that: described in step 1)
Inverting uses chromatography conversion method.
5. earthquake-capturing excitation well depth designing method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: in refutation process, utilize
Little refraction, the micro-logging data of progress synchronous with Collecting operation constrain model.
6. earthquake-capturing excitation well depth designing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step 2), based on whole
The excitation rate situation of change in a work area, from corresponding well depth excitation rate variation and work area previous earthquake data resolution, noise
Than determining that best excitation rate and the speed in the variation range in work area, and are verified and determined through well depth in comparison.
7. earthquake-capturing excitation well depth designing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: repeat step 4) and obtain often
The design well depth of one excitation point realizes work area or work area locally point-by-point well depth design.
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| CN110501757B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2021-02-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Point-line-surface three-dimensional point-by-point well depth design method |
| CN112305601B (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2024-05-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Design method of seismic exploration acquisition excitation well based on tomographic inversion |
| CN112526610B (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2023-03-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Three-dimensional seismic acquisition excitation well depth design method for constrained surface layer modeling |
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