CN106568657A - Thermal simulated test machine dynamic CCT compression test sample, and installation method thereof - Google Patents
Thermal simulated test machine dynamic CCT compression test sample, and installation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106568657A CN106568657A CN201610999861.4A CN201610999861A CN106568657A CN 106568657 A CN106568657 A CN 106568657A CN 201610999861 A CN201610999861 A CN 201610999861A CN 106568657 A CN106568657 A CN 106568657A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/44—Sample treatment involving radiation, e.g. heat
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0076—Hardness, compressibility or resistance to crushing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0098—Tests specified by its name, e.g. Charpy, Brinnel, Mullen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/04—Chucks, fixtures, jaws, holders or anvils
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a thermal simulated test machine dynamic CCT compression test sample, and an installation method thereof. The thermal simulated test machine dynamic CCT compression test sample comprises a sample round rod with a length of 85mm; the length of two round rod heads arranged on the two ends of the sample round rod is 30mm; the sample round rod is provided with two bearing plates; the diameter phi of each bearing plate is 18mm or larger; the thickness of the edge of each bearing plate is 2mm; the external side of each bearing plate is provided with a bearing surface; the middle part of the sample round rod is arranged between the two bearing plates; the diameter of the middle part of the sample round rod is 6mm, and the length is 15mm; circular arc transition is adopted for transition from the internal side of each bearing plate to the middle part of the sample round rod. The installation method comprises following steps: the round rod heads on the two ends of a sample are installed in two pairs of compression copper clamps; the clamp end surface of one end of each compression copper clamp close to the middle part of the sample round rod is pressed firmly against the bearing surface of the corresponding bearing plate; each compression copper clamp is provided with an upper clamp semicircular block and a lower clamp semicircular block; and each round rod head is clamped by the two semicircular blocks of the corresponding compression copper clamp. The thermal simulated test machine dynamic CCT compression test sample and the installation method are capable of solving a problem that relatively large thermal deformation and a thermal expansion curve under a relatively high cooling rate are impossible to obtain.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression tests sample and its installation method.
Background technology
Overcooling austenite continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curve（CCT curve）It is to formulate ferrous materials heat processing technique, heat treatment work
The important evidence of skill, and new steel grade, the important foundation data for optimizing rolling mill practice, determining roller repairing system are developed, to true
Determine structural transformation and final performance of the ferrous materials in cooling procedure to play an important role, have static CCT curve and dynamic
CCT curve point.Generally static CCT curve is easier to determine, as actual production process is dynamic deformation and cooling knot
It is combined, in pressure processing, as material occurs big plastic deformation at high temperature, and deformation can be with induced transformation, institute
It is with continuous cooling transformation product, phase composition percentage ratio and transformetion range for now measuring etc., not only relevant with deflection,
It is also relevant with rate of cooling.Therefore the dynamic CCT diagrams for being obtained by thermal modeling test more have directive significance to actual production, are
Formulate the important evidence of roller repairing technique and the final structure property of control.
What hot modeling test machine test dynamic CCT diagrams were directly obtained is two suite lines：Stress-strain diagram and thermal expansion
Curve, what is carried out first is thermal pressure simulation technique（Stress-strain diagram）, followed by under different cooling after thermal deformation
Phase transformation（Thermal dilatometry）, this is a technical process being carried out continuously.The deflection of hot compression is equal along in the middle part of pole
The axial direction of warm area is carried out；The volume thermal expansion direction of different cooling refers to the diametric length of uniform temperature zone in the middle part of pole
Degree variable quantity.At present when the enterprising Mobile state CCT of hot modeling test machine is tested, there is no relatively uniform sample standard, especially
When entering Mobile state CCT tests using the compression sample of conventional Ф 8mm × 12mm or Ф 10mm × 15mm, though sample can certain journey
Degree ground meets the requirement of thermal deformation, but only can be obtained by sample both sides end face and two pressure head end contacts of testing machine
Cooling rate is very little, it is impossible to obtain the thermal dilatometry under higher cooling rate；Additionally, using conventional Ф 8mm × 12mm or Ф 10mm
× 15mm compression samples carry out thermal dilatometry test after thermal deformation is completed, and then（The quartz pushrod of mechanical type dilatometer will
It is clamped in the diametric(al) of sample uniform temperature zone to test thermal dilatometry）, the mechanical type dilatometer due to testing radial expansion volume
Quartz pushrod diameter dimension restriction（The a diameter of Φ 5mm of quartz pushrod）, it is restricted can the deflection of sample, it is otherwise excessive
Deflection can crush the quartz pushrod on mechanical type, can damage dilatometer.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome existing hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression tests sample obtain larger heat distortion amount and higher
The shortcoming of thermal dilatometry under cooling rate, the present invention provide a kind of hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression test samples, the dynamic
CCT samples have larger free-span distance and uniform temperature zone, are capable of achieving larger deflection, and can protect expanded radially instrument simultaneously
Safe handling；The head of the dynamic CCT samples is clamped by the stretching copper fixture of producer first wife, can obtain higher rate of cooling.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression test sample installation methods.
This hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression test samples have a sample pole, it is characterized in that；Sample pole length 85
Mm, the pole head length at sample pole two ends are 30 mm, diameter of phi 10mm；There are two symmetrical pressure-bearings in sample pole
Plate is pressure-bearing shoulder, and the diameter of bearing plate is not less than Φ 18mm（This size preferably can be fitted with stretching copper fixture, sustain pressure
Stress during compression deformation）, the diameter of bearing plate can not be more than 40mm, can otherwise affect underloading rustless steel fixture on machine
Installation.The edge thickness of bearing plate is 2 mm, and the outside of bearing plate is pressure-bearing surface, and pressure-bearing surface is vertical with sample pole；Two
For, in the middle part of pole, a diameter of 6mm in the middle part of pole, length are 15 mm between bearing plate；In the middle part of the inner side of bearing plate and pole it
Between be arc transition, the radius of circular arc is R7.5 mm ± 1mm（More greatly, but can be ensured that the length in the middle part of pole is 15mm,
Arc radius can affect greatly very much the length in the middle part of pole.）
The surface roughness of hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression test samples is less than 1.6 μm, it is ensured that sample pole and stretching copper
Good contact in the middle part of the heat conduction of fixture and pole with dilatometer quartz pushrod.
This hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression test sample installation methods are that hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT is compressed
The pole head at test sample two ends is in two pairs of compression copper fixtures（Install in the vacuum cavity of hot modeling test machine,
Also can install outside vacuum cavity, be same fixture with stretching copper fixture, original equipment be make to stretch be stretching copper fixture, at this
Effect in sending out is compression, therefore is compression copper fixture）, compress fixture end face and bearing plate of the copper fixture near one end in the middle part of pole
Pressure-bearing surface be adjacent to, compression copper fixture has half nahlock of upper and lower two fixtures, and two fixture semicircle merged blocks form copper fixture pairings
Hole.The pole head of the enterprising Mobile state CCT test samples of two semicircular clamp clamping hot modeling test machines of compression copper fixture, puts
In the vacuum cavity of hot modeling test machine.
And the jaw of cooling circulating water is connected with making compression copper fixture and the vacuum cavity of hot modeling test machine is brought into close contact,
Two rustless steel underloading fixtures are held out against into the outer face of compression copper fixture, then by the middle part of the quartz pushrod of mechanical type dilatometer and pole
The firm clamping in middle position.
By above-mentioned device, tested, obtained the uniform temperature zone of the free-span distance and 8mm of 15mm, it is ensured that larger
Thermal pressure simulation amount, larger cooling rate and expanded radially instrument using safety.
Start hot modeling test machine to be tested, by heating, hot deformation behavior, control different cooling speed to techniques such as room temperatures
After simulation, uniform temperature zone temperature in the middle part of the stress-strain diagram and pole in the middle part of pole after the hot compression of uniform temperature zone is measured swollen with radial direction
The relation curve of bulk；The compression part of sample is cut by the sample after experiment using wire cutting machine, then again along compression
Cut in the middle part of crushed element axial direction, expose the axial cross section of compression part, to carry out conventional Vickers hardness detection
Observe with metallographic structure.
When aforesaid hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression tests sample is installed, the dynamic CCT samples two terminal circle club head
By the fixture clamping of compression copper, in the jaw of hot modeling test machine, cooling circulating water is connected with inside jaw, by conduction of heat
The heat of the dynamic CCT samples uniform temperature zone is taken away, rate of cooling is very fast, so whole dynamic CCT samples are being heated and had been incubated
There is certain thermograde in journey, there is the uniform temperature zone of 8mm length the middle part of thermocouple detection when free-span distance is 15mm.
Aforesaid hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression test sample installation methods, are in hot modeling test machine
In the model of Gleeble3800.
In aforesaid hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression test sample installation methods, dynamic CCT samples are pressed from both sides with compression copper
Tool is used cooperatively.
Beneficial effects of the present invention
The present invention devises a kind of dynamic CCT samples, select compression copper fixture to assemble use therewith, the thermal simulation of one side specification
Testing machine dynamic CCT compression test samples, on the other hand, this assembling mode can make the thermal-stable of sample, deflection compared with
Greatly, cool down comparatively fast, so as to ensure that data result accurate stable.
The test sample of the present invention realizes a kind of hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression tests sample with compression copper fixture
Be applied in combination method, a kind of sample easy to process, assembling simple and direct dynamic CCT tests of specification improves dynamic CCT surveys
Examination precision, expands the cooling rate scope after thermal deformation；The deflection of hot deformation behavior is improved farthest, it is ensured that mechanical type footpath
Safety when testing to dilatometer；Optimal technological specification can be selected according to the dynamic CCT diagrams for testing out, so as to
To required microscopic structure, the purpose of the various performances of controlled rolling and controlled cooling steel is reached.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the outline drawing of the hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression test samples of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression tests sample of the present invention in compression copper fixture installation diagram.
Fig. 3 is the left view of relative Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 process route charts；
Fig. 5 stress-strain curves；
Fig. 6 cooling rates are 0.05 DEG C/s temperature-swell increment curve chart；
Fig. 7 cooling rates are 25 DEG C/s temperature-swell increment curve chart.
In above-mentioned Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3
1. sample pole, 2. pole head, 3. pressure-bearing surface, 4. bearing plate, 5. edge, 6. circular arc, 7. in the middle part of pole, 8.
The enterprising Mobile state CCT test samples of hot modeling test machine,
9. copper fixture is compressed, 10. copper fixture joint close, 11. fixture inner faces, 12. bronze medal fixture pairing holes, 13. fixture semicircles
Block.
In above-mentioned Fig. 4
Ordinate represents temperature, abscissa express time, and ascending diagonal line represents 5 DEG C/s of programming rate, declines oblique line and represents decline
5 DEG C/s of speed, upper and lower turn back line（What is represented is the process of thermal pressure simulation）Represent true strain ε：0.5 ；
In above-mentioned Fig. 5
Ordinate represents stress, Mpa, and abscissa represents true strain（True strain does not have unit）；
In above-mentioned Fig. 6 and Fig. 7
Ordinate represents swell increment/mm, abscissa represent temperature/DEG C.
Specific embodiment
In conjunction with the embodiments and its accompanying drawing describes the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the specific embodiment of the present invention in detail
Following embodiments are not limited to, following embodiments are not limitations of the present invention.All employing equivalents or equivalent transformation shape
Into technical scheme, all fall within the protection domain of application claims.
Sample embodiments
The present embodiment is that, on Gleeble3800 hot modeling test machines, entering Mobile state CCT to carbon steel carries out the examination of testing experiment
Sample, testing material are forged steel kind 42CrMo.Guarantee the taper≤0.5mm of whole sample.
This hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression test samples have a sample pole 1, it is characterized in that；Sample pole 1 is grown
85 mm, the pole head 2 at 1 two ends of sample pole grow 30 mm, diameter of phi 10mm；There are two symmetrical to hold in sample pole 1
Pressing plate 4 is pressure-bearing shoulder, a diameter of Φ 18mm of bearing plate 4, and the width at the edge 5 of bearing plate 4 is 2 mm, the outside of bearing plate 4
For pressure-bearing surface 3, pressure-bearing surface 3 is vertical with sample pole 1；Be in the middle part of pole 7 between two bearing plates 4, in the middle part of pole 7 it is a diameter of
6mm, length be 15 mm, the inner side of bearing plate 4（And edge）With in the middle part of pole between be arc transition, the radius of circular arc 6 is
R7.5 mm,（More greatly, but the length in the middle part of pole can be ensured for 15mm, can be affected in the middle part of pole if arc radius are too big
Length）See Fig. 1；The surface roughness of hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression tests sample 8 is not more than 1.6 μm.
Embodiment is installed
This hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression tests sample 8 be arranged on hot modeling test machine vacuum cavity in, also can
Outside the vacuum cavity of hot modeling test machine, the present embodiment is in the vacuum cavity of hot modeling test machine.
The pole head 2 at 8 two ends of hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression tests sample is compressed copper fixtures installed in two pairs
In 9, compression copper fixture 9 is adjacent to the pressure-bearing surface 3 of bearing plate 4 near the fixture inner face 11 of 7 one end in the middle part of pole, compression copper folder
Tool 9 has upper and lower two fixtures, half nahlock 13, and two merging of half nahlocks of fixture 13 form copper fixture pairing hole 12.Two pairs of compression copper folders
The pole head 2 of two half nahlocks of fixture, the 13 clamping hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression tests sample 8 on tool 9, is shown in Fig. 2
With Fig. 3.And the jaw of cooling circulating water is connected with making compression copper fixture 9 and the vacuum cavity of hot modeling test machine is brought into close contact；
The quartz pushrod of mechanical type dilatometer is consolidated into clamping with the middle position in the middle part of pole again.
The dynamic CCT thermal dilatometries test technology route for setting as：Sample is heated to the firing rate of 5 DEG C/s
, be incubated 10 minutes so as to austenite homogenization, 900 DEG C be cooled to the rate of cooling of 5 DEG C/s, be incubated 5s to eliminate by 1200 DEG C
Thermograde inside sample, with rate of deformation as 0.1S-1, true strain amount be compressed for 0.5 pair of CCT sample, obtain stress
Strain curve, is then cooled to room temperature with the cooling rate of 0.05 DEG C/s and 25 DEG C/s respectively, sees process route Fig. 4.In process of the test
The data of collection are depicted as stress-strain curve 5 by collection stress, true strain, temperature, swell increment data, and temperature-
Swell increment curve Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.
The uniform temperature zone part of sample is cut, then again along uniform temperature zone axial direction side by the sample after experiment using wire cutting machine
Cut to middle part, expose the axial cross section of uniform temperature zone, observe to carry out conventional Vickers hardness detection and metallographic structure.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiment, all employing equivalents or equivalent transformation shape
Into technical scheme, all fall within the protection domain of application claims.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression test samples, it has a sample pole, it is characterized in that；Sample pole
Long 85 mm, the pole head length at sample pole two ends are 30 mm, diameter of phi 10mm；Sample pole have two it is symmetrical
Bearing plate is pressure-bearing shoulder, and the diameter of bearing plate is not less than Φ 18mm；The edge thickness of bearing plate is 2 mm, and the outside of bearing plate is
Pressure-bearing surface, pressure-bearing surface are vertical with sample pole；For in the middle part of pole between two bearing plates, a diameter of 6mm in the middle part of pole, length
For 15 mm；It is arc transition between in the middle part of the inner side of bearing plate and pole, the radius of circular arc is R7.5 mm ± 1mm.
2. hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression test samples according to claim 1, is characterized in that：Compression test is tried
The surface roughness of sample is less than 1.6 μm.
3. a kind of installation method of hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression test samples, it is hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT
, in two pairs of compression copper fixtures, compression copper fixture is near one end in the middle part of pole for the pole head at compression test sample two ends
Fixture end face is adjacent to the pressure-bearing surface of bearing plate, and compression copper fixture has half nahlock of upper and lower two fixtures, and two half nahlocks of fixture are closed
And form copper fixture pairing hole；The enterprising Mobile state CCT tests of two semicircular clamp clamping hot modeling test machines of compression copper fixture
The pole head of sample.
4. the installation method of hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression test samples according to claim 3, is characterized in that：
Hot modeling test machine dynamic CCT compression test samples are placed in the vacuum cavity of hot modeling test machine, and press from both sides compression copper
Have and be brought into close contact with the jaw that cooling circulating water is connected with the vacuum cavity of hot modeling test machine, by two rustless steel underloading fixtures
The outer face of compression copper fixture is held out against, then the quartz pushrod of mechanical type dilatometer is consolidated into clamping with the middle position in the middle part of pole.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610999861.4A CN106568657A (en) | 2016-11-14 | 2016-11-14 | Thermal simulated test machine dynamic CCT compression test sample, and installation method thereof |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107764661A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-03-06 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | A kind of thermal simulation the little diameter sample stretching test method |
| CN107941845A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-20 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | The test method of dynamic CCT |
| CN109900560A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-06-18 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of metal material deformation-membership credentials test method based on taper type sample |
| CN110879179A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-03-13 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | High-temperature compression device and test method for plate-shaped test sample |
| CN113049627A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-06-29 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 | Dynamic CCT test method |
| CN113588445A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-11-02 | 北京理工大学 | Test sample for thermal simulation tester and stretching clamp |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107764661A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-03-06 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | A kind of thermal simulation the little diameter sample stretching test method |
| CN107941845A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-04-20 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | The test method of dynamic CCT |
| CN109900560A (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2019-06-18 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | A kind of metal material deformation-membership credentials test method based on taper type sample |
| CN109900560B (en) * | 2019-03-05 | 2021-05-18 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Metal material deformation-structure relation testing method based on frustum-shaped sample |
| CN110879179A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-03-13 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | High-temperature compression device and test method for plate-shaped test sample |
| CN113049627A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-06-29 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 | Dynamic CCT test method |
| CN113588445A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-11-02 | 北京理工大学 | Test sample for thermal simulation tester and stretching clamp |
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