CN106567908B - A kind of segmentation negative rigidity mechanism and the vibration absorber with the mechanism - Google Patents
A kind of segmentation negative rigidity mechanism and the vibration absorber with the mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN106567908B CN106567908B CN201611024111.1A CN201611024111A CN106567908B CN 106567908 B CN106567908 B CN 106567908B CN 201611024111 A CN201611024111 A CN 201611024111A CN 106567908 B CN106567908 B CN 106567908B
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- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Negative rigidity mechanism and vibration absorber with the mechanism are segmented the present invention relates to a kind of, it includes outer framework, precompressed elastic stretches push rod and vertically moving translating cam；Translating cam is vacantly located in the outer framework, one end of precompressed elastic stretches push rod keeps impaction state by pretensioned spring, the roller that outer surface of its other end provided with laminating translating cam is rolled, the quantity of precompressed elastic stretches push rod is more than or equal to 2, radial level is uniform centered on translating cam respectively for precompressed elastic stretches push rod, is compression rolling between roller and translating cam；The present invention is the segmentation negative rigidity mechanism based on roller translating cam device, simple in construction, and deformation is small, and controllability is good, has a wide range of application, and by compression, the stretching of spring in the horizontal direction, can realize the negative stiffness of vertical direction system；Vibration absorber with segmentation negative rigidity mechanism, by theory analysis and simulation study, this device has good effectiveness in vibration suppression.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a segmented negative stiffness mechanism based on a roller-movable cam structure and a vibration damping device with the same, and belongs to the field of vibration control.
Background
The stiffness k is generally defined as the differential of the load to which the elastic element is subjected to the deformation it causes, i.e. the stiffness is positive when the load increases with increasing deformation; when the load is unchanged along with the change of deformation, the rigidity is zero; the stiffness is negative as the load decreases with increasing deformation.
With the development of science and technology, the vibration of a high frequency band is effectively controlled in the field of machinery at present, and the vibration of a low frequency band is not effectively solved. For this reason, the control of the low-frequency band vibration requires the system to have low rigidity.
The negative stiffness element has the advantages of large bearing capacity, small deformation, good controllability and low natural frequency.
Some traditional negative stiffness realizing structures mainly comprise a frame structure, a pressure bar structure, an inverted pendulum structure and the like, but the structures are complex, so that the practical application is very few. Therefore, a negative stiffness mechanism with a simple structure is needed to be widely applied to engineering practice.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a segmented negative stiffness mechanism based on a roller-movable cam structure and a vibration damping device with the same, which have the advantages of simple structure and wide application range.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a segmented negative stiffness mechanism comprises an outer frame, a pre-compression elastic telescopic push rod and a moving cam moving along the vertical direction; the movable cam is arranged in the outer frame and is suspended in the air, one end of the pre-compression elastic telescopic push rod is kept in a compression state through a pre-compression spring on the pre-compression elastic telescopic push rod, rolling idler wheels attached to the outer surface of the movable cam are arranged at the other end of the pre-compression elastic telescopic push rod, the number of the pre-compression elastic telescopic push rods is more than or equal to 2, the pre-compression elastic telescopic push rods are respectively radially and horizontally uniformly distributed by taking the movable cam as the center, and the idler wheels and the movable cam roll. The compression deformation mechanism applies outward thrust to a push rod nested in the rod sleeve.
Furthermore, the pre-compression elastic telescopic push rod further comprises a push rod, a rod sleeve and a compression deformation mechanism arranged in the rod sleeve, one end of the push rod is nested in the rod sleeve and is subjected to an acting force of the compression deformation mechanism to push the push rod out of the rod sleeve, and the roller is arranged at the other end of the push rod.
Furthermore, the compression deformation mechanism comprises a pre-compression spring, the compression deformation mechanism further comprises a guide rod for horizontally supporting the pre-compression spring, and the push rod, the rod sleeve, the guide rod and the pre-compression spring are coaxially and horizontally arranged. Furthermore, the pre-compression elastic telescopic push rod further comprises a linear bearing, and the linear bearing is arranged between the push rod and the rod sleeve which are nested with each other and can move relatively.
Further, the number and the specification of the linear bearings are the same.
Further, the pre-compression amount of the pre-compression elastic telescopic push rod is the same.
Further, the moving cam is a combined moving cam shape with semicircular upper and lower parts and rectangular middle part.
Furthermore, the invention also comprises an upper suspension rod arranged at the upper end of the movable cam and a lower suspension rod arranged at the bottom of the outer frame, wherein the upper suspension rod and the lower suspension rod are positioned and connected through a positioning bearing.
The vibration damping device with the segmented negative stiffness mechanism comprises the segmented negative stiffness mechanism, a dynamic vibration absorber and a vibration damping system; the segmented negative stiffness mechanism and the vibration reduction system are connected in parallel between the dynamic vibration absorber and the ground; the vibration reduction system comprises a main vibration system, a damper, an upper spring and a lower spring; the upper spring and the damper are connected in parallel between the dynamic vibration absorber and the main vibration system, and the main vibration system is grounded through the lower spring.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention relates to a segmented negative stiffness mechanism based on a roller-moving cam device,
the structure is simple, the deformation is small, the controllability is good, the application range is wide, and the negative stiffness of the system in the vertical direction can be realized through the compression and the stretching of the spring in the horizontal direction.
The vibration damping device with the roller-moving cam device and the segmented negative stiffness mechanism has a good vibration damping effect through theoretical analysis and simulation research.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of portion i in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of a portion ii in fig. 1.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the working state of the segmented negative stiffness mechanism of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of force F versus displacement x for the present invention based on engineering application software ADAMS simulation.
FIG. 6 is a graphical representation of stiffness curves that are not dimensionally simultaneous.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a vibration damping device with a segmented negative stiffness mechanism.
FIG. 8 is a comparison of the amplitude frequency curves of a damping device with a segmented negative stiffness mechanism and a system without negative stiffness under the same parameters.
Wherein, 1 moving cam, 2 pre-compression elastic telescopic push rod, 2-1 push rod, 2-2 roller, 3 pre-compression spring, 4 guide rods, 5 rod sleeves, 6 outer frame, 7 upper suspension ring, 8 lower suspension ring, 9 linear bearing, 10 segmented negative stiffness mechanism, 11 main vibration system, 12 dynamic vibration absorber, 13 damper, 14 upper spring, 15 lower spring, 16 vibration damping system, 17 positioning bearing and 18 balance position.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical scheme and the gist of the present invention clearer, the following clearly and completely describes the invention with reference to fig. 1-8 and the specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a segmented negative stiffness mechanism based on a roller-moving cam device comprises an outer frame 6, a moving cam 1, two identical pre-compression elastic telescopic push rods 2 and two identical linear bearings 9; the pre-compression elastic telescopic push rod 2 comprises a push rod 2-1, a roller 2-2, a rod sleeve 5, a guide rod 4 and a compression spring 3 with the same pre-compression amount; one end of the precompression spring 3, the rod sleeve 5 and the guide rod 4 are all fixed on the inner side surface of the outer frame 6; the guide rod 4 horizontally supports the pre-compression spring 3, the guide rod 4 is contacted with the inner side wall of the pre-compression spring 3, and the other end of the pre-compression spring 3 is connected with the push rod 2-1; the rod sleeve 5 and the push rod 2-1 move relatively through a linear bearing 9; the two rollers 2-2 are symmetrically positioned on two sides of the moving cam 1 and are respectively contacted with two sides of the moving cam 1; the pre-compression spring 3, the push rod 2-1, the roller 2-2, the rod sleeve 5 and the guide rod 4 are coaxially arranged and can only move horizontally; the moving cam 1 can only move in the vertical direction.
Further, the negative stiffness mechanism based on the roller-moving cam device further comprises an upper suspension rod 7 arranged at the upper end of the moving cam 1 and a lower suspension rod 8 arranged at the bottom of the outer frame 6 of the segmented negative stiffness mechanism, and the upper suspension rod 7 and the lower suspension rod 8 are connected in a positioning mode through a positioning bearing 17 so as to guarantee the vertical movement of the moving cam 1. As shown in fig. 7, a vibration damping apparatus with a segmented negative stiffness mechanism based on a roller-moving cam device includes a segmented negative stiffness mechanism based on a roller-moving cam device 10, a main vibration system 11, a dynamic vibration absorber 12, a damper 13, an upper spring 14 and a lower spring 15; the segmented negative stiffness mechanism 10, the damper 13 and the spring are arranged in parallel, one end of the upper spring 14 is connected with the main vibration system 11, and the other end of the upper spring is connected with the dynamic vibration absorber 12; one end of the lower spring 15 is connected with the main vibration system 11, and the other end is grounded; the upper end and the lower end of the damper 13 are respectively connected with the dynamic vibration absorber 12 and the main vibration system 11; the two ends of the segmented negative stiffness mechanism 10 are connected between the dynamic vibration absorber 12 and the ground.
The two ends of the segmented negative stiffness mechanism 10 are respectively connected with a dynamic vibration absorber 12 and the ground through an upper suspension rod 7 and a lower suspension rod 8.
FIG. 8 is a comparison of the amplitude frequency curves for a vibration damping device equipped with a segmented negative stiffness mechanism based on a roller-moving cam device, compared to a system without negative stiffness, under the same parameters. As can be seen from fig. 8, after the segmented negative stiffness system is added to the original system, the resonance peak value is significantly reduced, the natural frequency moves in the low frequency direction, and the vibration amplitude of the main system can be effectively attenuated.
TABLE 1 list of system parameters for devices without negative stiffness
TABLE 2 System parameter List with segmented negative stiffness devices
The technical principle of the present invention is analyzed as follows:
establishing a mathematical model for the roller-moving cam device-based segmented negative stiffness mechanism 10 and performing static analysis: when weak disturbance action is applied to the moving cam 1, the rigidity of the segmented negative rigidity mechanism 10 at a static balance position and nearby is zero, and the static balance position, namely shown in fig. 1, is an initial position; when the disturbance is increased and the cambered surface of the moving cam 1 is in contact with the roller 2-2 of the pre-compression elastic telescopic push rod 2, the balanced state of the segmented negative stiffness mechanism 10 is broken, and at this time, an external force needs to be applied in the vertical direction to enable the segmented negative stiffness mechanism 10 to be in a balanced state, wherein the balanced state is when the roller 2-2 of the pre-compression elastic telescopic push rod 2 is in contact with the vertical surface of the moving cam 1. There is no problem here
The segmented negative stiffness mechanism 10 was modeled and subjected to mechanical analysis, as shown in fig. 1 and 4, with two of the pre-compressed springs 3 having a stiffness k0The initial compression amount is λ, the radius of the moving cam is R, the radius of the roller 2-2 of the pre-compressed elastic telescopic push rod 2 is R, the external force for keeping the moving cam 1 to return to the equilibrium position is F, the displacement amount of the moving cam 1 in the vertical direction is x, the deformation amount of the pre-compressed spring 3 is Δ l, and the vertical surface length of the moving cam 1 is 2 Δ.
In the working process, when x is larger than or equal to delta, the segmented negative stiffness mechanism 10 is in a balanced state under an external force F, and the expression (1) of the external force F is as follows:
the calculation formula (2) of the amount of deformation of the pre-compression spring 3 is as follows:
further, the applied external force F is differentiated from the displacement x of the moving cam 1 in the vertical direction, so that the rigidity K of the segmented negative stiffness mechanism 10 in the vertical direction is obtained, and the rigidity K of the segmented negative stiffness mechanism 10 is segmented. Expression (3) for achieving a force versus displacement of negative stiffness is as follows: there is no problem here
As can be seen from the above formula (3), the segmented negative stiffness mechanism 10 exhibits negative stiffness characteristics over a certain range of vertical displacement x; and when the vertical displacement x exceeds a certain interval, the rigidity is changed from a negative value to a positive value. Further analyzing the characteristics of the segmented negative stiffness mechanism 10, the force-displacement expression (3) can be dimensionless as follows (4):
wherein,
the dimensionless rigidity expression (5) is as follows:
wherein,
when x.ltoreq.DELTA.the analysis is similar, giving the dimensionless stiffness expression (6) as follows:
at this time, the process of the present invention,
thus, the stiffness expression (7) of the segmented negative stiffness mechanism 10 over the entire displacement is as follows:
as can be seen from the dimensionless stiffness expression (7), the stiffness of the segmented stiffness mechanism 10 is related to the parameter x. Fig. 6 is a graph showing the influence of these two parameters on the stiffness characteristics of the mechanism.
As can be clearly seen from fig. 6: under the condition that | x | ≧ Δ, when < 1, the stiffness of the segmented stiffness mechanism 10 is a negative value within a certain vertical displacement range; when the stiffness is larger than or equal to 1, the stiffness of the segmented stiffness mechanism 10 is constant in a negative value, and the absolute value of the negative stiffness is increased along with the increase of disturbance displacement.
The above is a preferred implementation scheme of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above embodiments are only preferred implementation schemes of the present invention, and are not exhaustive. In addition, other implementations exist within the inventive concept, and any obvious substitutions are within the scope of the invention without departing from the inventive concept.
Claims (8)
1. A segmented negative stiffness mechanism, comprising: it comprises an outer frame (6), a pre-compression elastic telescopic push rod (2) and a moving cam (1) moving along the vertical direction; the movable cam (1) is arranged in the outer frame (6), one end of the pre-compression elastic telescopic push rod (2) is kept in a compression state through a pre-compression spring (3) on the pre-compression elastic telescopic push rod, the other end of the pre-compression elastic telescopic push rod is provided with rollers (2-2) which are attached to the outer surface of the movable cam (1) and roll, the number of the pre-compression elastic telescopic push rods (2) is more than or equal to 2, the pre-compression elastic telescopic push rods (2) are respectively and horizontally and uniformly distributed in a radial shape by taking the movable cam (1) as the center, and the rollers (2-2) and the movable cam (;
the pre-compression elastic telescopic push rod (2) further comprises a push rod (2-1), a rod sleeve (5) and a compression deformation mechanism arranged in the rod sleeve (5), one end of the push rod (2-1) is nested in the rod sleeve (5) and is subjected to an acting force of the compression deformation mechanism to push the push rod out of the rod sleeve (5), and the roller (2-2) is arranged at the other end of the push rod (2-1);
the compression deformation mechanism further comprises a guide rod (4) used for horizontally supporting the pre-compression spring (3), and the push rod (2-1), the rod sleeve (5), the guide rod (4) and the pre-compression spring (3) are coaxially and horizontally arranged.
2. The segmented negative stiffness mechanism of claim 1, wherein: the pre-compression elastic telescopic push rod (2) further comprises a linear bearing (9), and the linear bearing (9) is arranged between the push rod (2-1) and the rod sleeve (5) which are nested with each other and can move relatively.
3. A segmented negative stiffness mechanism according to claim 2, wherein: the number and the specification of the linear bearings (9) are the same.
4. The segmented negative stiffness mechanism of claim 1, wherein: the pre-compression amount of the pre-compression elastic telescopic push rod (2) is the same.
5. The segmented negative stiffness mechanism of claim 1, wherein: the moving cam (1) is in a combined moving cam shape with semicircular upper part and semicircular lower part and rectangular middle part.
6. The segmented negative stiffness mechanism of claim 1, wherein: the upper suspension rod (7) and the lower suspension rod (8) are arranged at the bottom of the outer frame (6), and the upper suspension rod (7) and the lower suspension rod (8) are connected in a positioning mode through a positioning bearing (17).
7. A vibration damping device having the segmented negative stiffness mechanism of any one of claims 1 or 4 to 6, wherein: the vibration absorber comprises the segmented negative stiffness mechanism (10), a dynamic vibration absorber (12) and a vibration reduction system (16); the segmented negative stiffness mechanism (10) and the damping system (16) are connected between the dynamic vibration absorber (12) and the ground in parallel; the vibration reduction system (16) comprises a main vibration system (11), a damper (13), an upper spring (14) and a lower spring (15); the upper spring (14) and the damper (13) are connected in parallel between the dynamic vibration absorber (12) and the main vibration system (11), and the main vibration system (11) is grounded through the lower spring (15).
8. A vibration damping device having the segmented negative stiffness mechanism of claim 2, wherein: the vibration absorber comprises the segmented negative stiffness mechanism (10), a dynamic vibration absorber (12) and a vibration reduction system (16); the segmented negative stiffness mechanism (10) and the damping system (16) are connected between the dynamic vibration absorber (12) and the ground in parallel; the vibration reduction system (16) comprises a main vibration system (11), a damper (13), an upper spring (14) and a lower spring (15); the upper spring (14) and the damper (13) are connected in parallel between the dynamic vibration absorber (12) and the main vibration system (11), and the main vibration system (11) is grounded through the lower spring (15).
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| CN113027968B (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2022-10-28 | 中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司 | Quasi-zero-rigidity elastic node and construction method and construction device thereof |
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