CN106567239A - 一种超疏水纤维材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种超疏水纤维材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106567239A
CN106567239A CN201610987952.6A CN201610987952A CN106567239A CN 106567239 A CN106567239 A CN 106567239A CN 201610987952 A CN201610987952 A CN 201610987952A CN 106567239 A CN106567239 A CN 106567239A
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王晟
王騊
欧阳申珅
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Zhejiang Fengling New Material Technology Co ltd
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Hangzhou Yujing Environmental Science And Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种超疏水纤维材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将纳米材料分散于分散剂中,得到混合液;将所述混合液附着在纤维材料上;将附有所述混合液的纤维材料真空活化处理,得到所述超疏水纤维材料,其中所述超疏水纤维材料的表面为由纳米材料组成的超疏水结构,所述纳米材料与纤维材料之间通过范德华力连接。本发明还提供一种超疏水纤维材料。该制备方法中不需添加任何粘合剂,不需要含氟等低表面能物质处理表面,即可在纤维材料的表面形成超疏水结构,且超疏水表面与纤维牢固连接,不易脱落。

Description

一种超疏水纤维材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种超疏水纤维材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
超疏水材料由于其特殊的浸润性一直都备受关注,超疏水表面在自清洁表面、油/水分离、石油运输、微流体系统和生物相容性等方面都具有潜在应用。Wenzel和Cassie两人所总结的公式已成为目前研究超疏性的模型基础,表明材料所表现出的超疏水性是由材料的表面能及其微观上的几何形状及排布所共同决定的。目前,人们已经能够采用许多方法得到超疏水材料,并得到了一定的应用。然而这些研究的制备过程中通常使用含氟等低表面能物质修饰材料,从而得到超疏水的表面;或者添加的粘合剂,使所制备的疏水材料与基底材料相结合,以致于难以重复利用,且制备工艺较为复杂。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种超疏水纤维材料及其制备方法,该超疏水纤维材料的表面具有超疏水结构,且该超疏水结构与纤维基底牢固连接,不易脱落。
本发明提供一种超疏水纤维材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将纳米材料分散于分散剂中,得到一混合液;
将所述混合液附着在纤维材料上;
将附有所述混合液的纤维材料真空活化处理,得到所述超疏水纤维材料,其中所述超疏水纤维材料的表面为由纳米材料组成的超疏水结构,所述纳米材料与纤维材料之间通过范德华力连接。
其中,所述分散剂为乙醇、甲醇、乙二醇、丙酮、水中的至少一种。
其中,所述将混合液附着在纤维材料上的步骤,具体为:
通过喷笔或浸渍法将所述混合液均匀地附着在纤维材料上。
其中,所述将附有所述混合液的纤维材料真空活化处理的步骤,具体为:
将附有所述混合液的纤维材料自然晾干后,置于180℃-200℃的真空干燥箱进行干燥。
其中,将附有所述混合液的纤维材料真空活化处理的步骤中抽真空时间为1小时~1.5小时,干燥的时间为3小时~4小时。
其中,所述纳米材料的形状为粒状、棒状或线状,所述纳米材料的尺寸为10纳米~100纳米。
本发明还提供一种根据上述制备方法得到的超疏水纤维材料,所述超疏水纤维材料包括纤维材料和附着于纤维材料表面的纳米材料,所述纳米材料与纤维材料之间通过范德华力连接。
区别于现有技术,本发明的制备方法中,混合液中仅含有纳米材料以及分散剂,再将混合液附于纤维材料,最后采用真空热处理活化,而使纳米材料与纤维材料之间形成范德华力连接。具体原理为:通过真空活化处理,在真空和热作用下将纳米材料表面的羟基等亲水性基团拔除,改变纳米材料的表面电荷,降低材料表面能,使其具有疏水性。
该制备方法中不需添加任何粘合剂,不需要含氟等低表面能物质处理表面,即可在纤维材料的表面形成超疏水结构。该超疏水结构与纤维材料牢固连接,不易脱落。另外当疏水性能较差时,可通过再次真空活化而恢复疏水性能,从而实现超疏水纤维材料的重复利用,绿色环保。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的超疏水纤维材料的制备方法的流程示意图;
图2是本发明提供的超疏水纤维材料超疏水示意图;
图3是本发明提供的超疏水纤维材料的接触角示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行详细的说明。
请参阅图1,本发明提供一种超疏水纤维材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤S101,将纳米材料分散于分散剂中,得到一混合液;
步骤S102,将所述混合液附着在纤维材料上;
步骤S103,将附有所述混合液的纤维材料真空活化处理,得到所述超疏水纤维材料,其中所述超疏水纤维材料的表面为由纳米材料组成的超疏水结构,所述纳米材料与纤维材料之间通过范德华力连接。
在步骤S101中,所述纳米材料通过分散于分散剂中,而实现均匀分散。可以理解,该分散手段可为搅拌或者超声等。所述分散剂可为乙醇、甲醇、乙二醇、丙酮、水中的至少一种。所述分散剂优选为可挥发溶剂,如乙醇、甲醇、乙二醇、丙酮。当然,所述分散剂也可为可挥发溶剂与水的混合溶液。所述纳米材料与分散剂的比例不做限定,可为(10mg~15mg):(20mL~50mL)。
在一具体实施方式中,将10mg二氧化钛纳米粒子分散于20mL乙醇和水以1:1体积比混合的溶液中,进行超声分散,得到混合液。
其中,所述纳米材料的形态不限,可为纳米粒子状、纳米棒或纳米线状。所述纳米材料的尺寸可为10纳米~100纳米。
在步骤S102中,可通过一喷笔或浸渍法将混合液均匀地附着在纤维材料上。所述纤维材料的具体材料不做限定,只要可承受后续的真空热处理活化即可。所述纤维材料可为聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、复合纤维等。
在步骤S103中,真空活化的目的在于:在真空氛围下加热,通过真空和热作用将纳米材料表面的羟基等亲水性基团拔除,改变纳米材料的表面电荷,降低材料表面能,使其具有疏水性。
真空活化处理的步骤具体为:将附有混合液的纤维材料自然晾干后,置于180℃-200℃的真空干燥箱进行干燥。
其中,真空干燥箱的抽真空时间为1小时~1.5小时,干燥时间为3小时~4小时。
可以理解,待真空活化处理后,进一步将真空干燥箱中的温度冷却至室温后,卸掉真空。
可以理解,通过真空热处理活化纤维材料,可使得该纤维材料具有良好的超疏水性能。
可以理解,当超疏水纤维材料性能下降时,再次使用真空热处理活化纤维材料即可使超疏水性能恢复。
本发明还提供一种超疏水纤维材料,超疏水纤维材料根据上述方法制备得到的。所述超疏水纤维材料包括纤维材料和附着于纤维材料表面的纳米材料,所述纳米材料与纤维材料之间通过范德华力连接。
请参阅图2及图3,将水滴滴在超疏水纤维材料的表面,从图2中可看出该超疏水纤维材料具有较好的疏水性能。
本发明的制备方法中,混合液中仅含有纳米材料以及分散剂,再将混合液附于纤维材料,最后采用真空热处理活化,而使纳米材料与纤维材料之间形成范德华力连接。具体原理为:通过真空活化处理,在真空和热作用下将纳米材料表面的羟基等亲水性基团拔除,改变纳米材料的表面电荷,降低材料表面能,使其具有疏水性。
该制备方法中不需添加任何粘合剂,不需要含氟等低表面能物质处理表面,即可在纤维材料的表面形成超疏水结构。该超疏水结构与纤维材料牢固连接,不易脱落。另外当疏水性能较差时,可通过再次真空活化而恢复疏水性能,从而实现超疏水纤维材料的重复利用,绿色环保。
以下通过下列实施例对所述超疏水纤维材料做进一步的说明。
实施例1
将10mg二氧化钛纳米粒子分散于20mL以任意体积比例混合的乙醇与水的混合溶液中,得到混合液;
将所述混合液附着在聚酯纤维材料上;
将附有所述混合液的纤维材料真空活化处理,得到所述超疏水纤维材料。真空活化处理的温度为180摄氏度。
将得到的超疏水纤维材料进行疏水实验,结果表明该超疏水纤维材料与水的接触角为160度。
实施例2
将10mg碲与碳的复合纳米棒分散于20mL以任意体积比例混合的乙醇与水的混合溶液中,得到混合液;
将所述混合液附着在聚酰胺纤维材料上;
将附有所述混合液的纤维材料真空活化处理,得到所述超疏水纤维材料。真空活化处理的温度为200摄氏度。
将得到的超疏水纤维材料进行疏水实验,结果表明该超疏水纤维材料与水的接触角为160度。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施方式,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。

Claims (7)

1.一种超疏水纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将纳米材料分散于分散剂中,得到一混合液;
将所述混合液附着在纤维材料上;
将附有所述混合液的纤维材料真空活化处理,得到所述超疏水纤维材料,其中所述超疏水纤维材料的表面为由纳米材料组成的超疏水结构,所述纳米材料与纤维材料之间通过范德华力连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超疏水纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述分散剂为乙醇、甲醇、乙二醇、丙酮、水中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的超疏水纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述将混合液附着在纤维材料上的步骤,具体为:
通过喷笔或浸渍法将所述混合液均匀地附着在纤维材料上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的超疏水纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述将附有所述混合液的纤维材料真空活化处理的步骤,具体为:
将附有所述混合液的纤维材料自然晾干后,置于180℃-200℃的真空干燥箱进行干燥。
5.根据权利要求1所述的超疏水纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于,将附有所述混合液的纤维材料真空活化处理的步骤中抽真空时间为1小时~1.5小时,干燥的时间为3小时~4小时。
6.根据权利要求1所述的超疏水纤维材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纳米材料的形状为粒状、棒状或线状,所述纳米材料的尺寸为10纳米~100纳米。
7.一种根据权利要求1-6中任意一项制备方法得到的超疏水纤维材料,其特征在于,所述超疏水纤维材料包括纤维材料和附着于纤维材料表面的纳米材料,所述纳米材料与纤维材料之间通过范德华力连接。
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CN112195552A (zh) * 2020-09-28 2021-01-08 宁波大千纺织品有限公司 一种具有超疏水性的抗菌针织面料及其制备方法

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CN105671934A (zh) * 2016-01-27 2016-06-15 北京服装学院 一种具有持久良好光催化自清洁以及表面超疏水效果的双重自清洁面料的制备方法

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CN103205211A (zh) * 2013-04-11 2013-07-17 浙江理工大学 一种超疏水胶带的制备方法
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107801367A (zh) * 2017-09-26 2018-03-13 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 一种疏水多孔聚合物导电材料、制备方法及应用
CN107801367B (zh) * 2017-09-26 2019-04-16 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 一种疏水多孔聚合物导电材料、制备方法及应用
CN112195552A (zh) * 2020-09-28 2021-01-08 宁波大千纺织品有限公司 一种具有超疏水性的抗菌针织面料及其制备方法

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