CN106563973A - Dynamic milling force measuring method based on tool vibration displacement - Google Patents
Dynamic milling force measuring method based on tool vibration displacement Download PDFInfo
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- CN106563973A CN106563973A CN201510658618.1A CN201510658618A CN106563973A CN 106563973 A CN106563973 A CN 106563973A CN 201510658618 A CN201510658618 A CN 201510658618A CN 106563973 A CN106563973 A CN 106563973A
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- milling
- cutter
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- vibration
- force
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
- B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q2717/00—Arrangements for indicating or measuring
- B23Q2717/006—Arrangements for indicating or measuring in milling machines
Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic milling force measuring method based on tool vibration displacement, and the method improves bandwidth of a measuring system, realizes precise measurement of dynamic milling force, can carry out dynamic compensation on the measuring system, improves bandwidth of the measuring system and realizes precise measurement of dynamic milling force. In order to overcome the limitation, in dimensions of processed workpieces, quality of processed workpieces, measured bandwidth, a mounting way and the like, of an existing dynamic milling force measuring method, the invention discloses a method for indirectly determining dynamic milling force through vibration displacement by utilizing measuring radial vibration displacement of a cutter bar of a rotary milling cutter during milling processing of a laser vibration measurer according to a relationship of vibration displacement and milling force of the milling cutter, solves the measuring distortion problem of milling force at a high milling speed of the milting cutter, carries dynamic compensation for the measuring system, improves bandwidth of the measuring system, and realizes precise measurement of dynamic milling force.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cutting tools measurement field, more particularly to a kind of dynamic milling force measuring method based on vibration cutting displacement.
Background technology
The measurement of dynamic cutting force in machining is monitoring equipment bed operating state, the exclusion machine failure most direct, letter of most critical
Breath, cutting force measurement method the most frequently used at present is that, using piezoelectric type or strain-type force measurement amount, the method is widely used to
The measurement of numerical control machine tool cutting power.But for the measurement of rotation class Tool in Cutting power, the method also there are problems that as follows：It is limited
In the effective area that ergometer is fixed with workpiece, ergometer can only measure the cutting force compared with small workpiece；Ergometer to overload sensitive,
Install inconvenient；The dynamic characteristic of ergometer can change with the change of workpiece quality.
In order to solve the impact that workpiece size and quality are measured to Milling Force, there is research by force sensor integrated on main shaft, these
Rotation ergometer complex structure, has larger additional mass, and is cantilever type structure, reduce axis system to axis system
Rigidity.Ring piezoelectric crystal formula force transducer, and be integrated on main shaft to measure Milling Force, this method destroys main shaft
Mounting means, and the bear vibration of main shaft etc. can affect the accuracy that measures, while the transport of Milling Force is relatively low.Additionally,
For the interference that the factors such as workpiece quality in Milling Process are measured to desk-top ergometer Milling Force, it is proposed that a kind of compensation method, but
The method is still limited by the measurable processing workpiece size of ergometer.By the capacitance displacement sensor measurement master being installed on main tapping
Measuring indirectly cutting force, the method there are problems that the vibration displacement of axle：
1. the vibration transmissibility of cusp to main shaft is relatively low；
2. spindle vibration can affect the accuracy for measuring, and be unfavorable for error separate；
3. spindle motor produces electromagnetic interference to capacitive displacement transducer, causes measurement error；
These factors can all have influence on the accuracy of Milling Force measurement.
Vibration measurement with laser is a kind of good non-contacting vibration measuring method, insensitive to Thermal Error, with very high Measurement Resolution.
Laser vibration measurer is commonly used to measure the vibration on planar object surface, when the vibration on rotating object surface is measured, tested surface compared with
Big roughness can cause speckle noise and speed cross-interference issue, affect the accuracy of vibration measurement.
The content of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of dynamic milling force measuring method based on vibration cutting displacement of the present invention, the method are carried
The high bandwidth of measuring system, realizes the accurate measurement of dynamic milling force, dynamic compensation can be carried out to measuring system, improve
The bandwidth of measuring system, realizes the accurate measurement of dynamic milling force.
The technical scheme for realizing the object of the invention is：
A kind of dynamic milling force measuring method based on vibration cutting displacement, comprises the steps：
1), during Milling Process, laser vibration measurer measures the vibration velocity of laser measurement point on cutter bar of milling cutter in the y-direction in real time, and this shakes
Dynamic speed obtains vibration displacement after the data processings such as integration, and the misaligned mistake of radial direction of rotary cutter is contained in this vibration displacement
Difference and deviation from circular from, are obtained the vibration displacement for only being caused by cutting force Jing after error separate.
2) Milling Process is interrupted cut, and milling cutter can be encouraged by interrupted cut power in process, and driving frequency is knife
Tooth by frequency ftp
In formula：Ω (rpm) is the speed of mainshaft, and N is milling cutter tooth number.
3) in the case where the speed of mainshaft is relatively low, driving frequency ftpFar below tooling system first natural frequency, it is believed that
The stiffness characteristics of cutter and it is static when it is essentially identical, i.e., milling cutter by Milling Force effect after be elastic deformation, the dynamic milling on milling cutter
Power FmFormula linear relationship is met with the vibration displacement δ on surveyed knife bar：
Fm=Ksδ (2)
In formula：KsFor the Static stiffness of milling cutter, Theoretical Calculation can be passed through or static calibration experiment determines.
4) when the speed of mainshaft is higher, driving frequency ftpIt is possible to be close to the natural frequency of tooling system, it is dynamic by cutter itself
The impact of step response, is no longer linear relationship between the vibration displacement in Milling Force and institute's survey knife bar on milling cutter, it is necessary to FmEnter
Mobile state is compensated, to obtain accurate Milling Force measurement result during high-speed milling.
5) as the processes such as the processing of cutter, assembling have an error, it is misaligned that the physical axis of cutter rotate axis.Cutter
During rotation, the radial displacement on knife bar at laser measurement point changes as cutter rotates, and produces radially misaligned measurement error,
Further, since there is deviation from circular from the outline on knife bar at laser measurement point.Both error signals are periodic signal,
Exist in milling process always.
6), when cutter dallies (no cutting force), the radial displacement that laser vibration measurer is measured is the misaligned error of radial direction and deviation from circular from
Superposition, be periodic signal, record the radial displacement signal under cutter idling conditions, cycle is believed in time domain processing signal
Number separated.
7) during tooling system dynamic characteristic high-speed milling, driving frequency ftpMay be close to the first rank even more high-order of tooling system
Natural frequency, measuring system by tooling system dynamic characteristic affected and cause measure distortion, now must take into cutter system
Impact of the dynamic characteristic of system to measurement result.
8) working band of measuring system is only 300Hz, and when milling cutter rotating speed is higher, measuring system working band will be unable to cover
Lid Milling Force all spectrum components and cause the dynamic milling force distortion surveyed, then after low pass filter and compensation tache
To final compensation Milling Force Fmc, finally, obtain the dynamic milling force measuring method of vibration cutting displacement.
Step 6) in
A. several stable complete signal cycles in measured displacement signal idle running section are chosen,
B. the periodic signal to choosing carries out periodic extension to whole measurement process, obtains the expansion idle running letter synchronous with original signal
Number,
C. the vibration displacement signal of the surveyed course of processing is deducted into synchronous expansion idler signal, it is determined that the knife for only being caused by Milling Force
Tool radial displacement, realizes error separate.
Step 8) in, it is necessary to dynamic compensation is carried out to measuring system.Its step response curve has that overshoot is big, the number of oscillation is more,
Reach steady state time it is long the features such as.The compensation method of zero point POLE PLACEMENT USING is suitable for each level system, it is not necessary to consider convergence
Problem, is also obtained suitable compensation system when the step response vibration of system is violent, and compensation tache does not increase original measurement
The exponent number of system, increased a low pass filter before compensation tache, can eliminate the high-frequency noise in Milling Force measurement signal
Interference, during Milling Process, Milling Force F is acted on milling cutter, and measuring system determines measurement milling by the measurement of knife bar vibration displacement
Cut power Fm。
Beneficial effects of the present invention
A kind of dynamic milling force measuring method based on vibration cutting displacement is provided, the bandwidth of measuring system is the method increased, it is real
The accurate measurement of dynamic milling force is showed, dynamic compensation can have been carried out to measuring system, improve the bandwidth of measuring system, realized
The accurate measurement of dynamic milling force, for existing dynamic milling force measuring method in processing workpiece size, quality, measurement band
The limitation of the aspects such as wide and mounting means, the rotary milling tools when present invention proposes that one kind measures Milling Process using laser vibration measurer
The radial vibration displacement of knife bar, according to the relation between milling cutter vibration displacement and Milling Force, determines dynamic indirectly by vibration displacement
The method of Milling Force, to the Milling Force measurement problem of dtmf distortion DTMF under milling cutter high-speed milling speed, carries out dynamic compensation to measuring system,
The bandwidth of measuring system is improve, the accurate measurement of dynamic milling force is realized.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated below, but is not limitation of the invention.
A kind of dynamic milling force measuring method based on vibration cutting displacement, comprises the steps：
1), during Milling Process, laser vibration measurer measures the vibration velocity of laser measurement point on cutter bar of milling cutter in the y-direction in real time, and this shakes
Dynamic speed obtains vibration displacement after the data processings such as integration, and the misaligned mistake of radial direction of rotary cutter is contained in this vibration displacement
Difference and deviation from circular from, are obtained the vibration displacement for only being caused by cutting force Jing after error separate.
2) Milling Process is interrupted cut, and milling cutter can be encouraged by interrupted cut power in process, and driving frequency is knife
Tooth by frequency ftp
In formula：Ω (rpm) is the speed of mainshaft, and N is milling cutter tooth number.
3) in the case where the speed of mainshaft is relatively low, driving frequency ftpFar below tooling system first natural frequency, it is believed that
The stiffness characteristics of cutter and it is static when it is essentially identical, i.e., milling cutter by Milling Force effect after be elastic deformation, the dynamic milling on milling cutter
Power FmFormula linear relationship is met with the vibration displacement δ on surveyed knife bar：
Fm=Ksδ (2)
In formula：KsFor the Static stiffness of milling cutter, Theoretical Calculation can be passed through or static calibration experiment determines.
4) when the speed of mainshaft is higher, driving frequency ftpIt is possible to be close to the natural frequency of tooling system, it is dynamic by cutter itself
The impact of step response, is no longer linear relationship between the vibration displacement in Milling Force and institute's survey knife bar on milling cutter, it is necessary to FmEnter
Mobile state is compensated, to obtain accurate Milling Force measurement result during high-speed milling.
5) as the processes such as the processing of cutter, assembling have an error, it is misaligned that the physical axis of cutter rotate axis.Cutter
During rotation, the radial displacement on knife bar at laser measurement point changes as cutter rotates, and produces radially misaligned measurement error,
Further, since there is deviation from circular from the outline on knife bar at laser measurement point.Both error signals are periodic signal,
Exist in milling process always.
6), when cutter dallies (no cutting force), the radial displacement that laser vibration measurer is measured is the misaligned error of radial direction and deviation from circular from
Superposition, be periodic signal, record the radial displacement signal under cutter idling conditions, cycle is believed in time domain processing signal
Number separated.
7) during tooling system dynamic characteristic high-speed milling, driving frequency ftpMay be close to the first rank even more high-order of tooling system
Natural frequency, measuring system by tooling system dynamic characteristic affected and cause measure distortion, now must take into cutter system
Impact of the dynamic characteristic of system to measurement result.
8) working band of measuring system is only 300Hz, and when milling cutter rotating speed is higher, measuring system working band will be unable to cover
Lid Milling Force all spectrum components and cause the dynamic milling force distortion surveyed, then after low pass filter and compensation tache
To final compensation Milling Force Fmc, finally, obtain the dynamic milling force measuring method of vibration cutting displacement.
Step 6) in
A. several stable complete signal cycles in measured displacement signal idle running section are chosen,
B. the periodic signal to choosing carries out periodic extension to whole measurement process, obtains the expansion idle running letter synchronous with original signal
Number,
C. the vibration displacement signal of the surveyed course of processing is deducted into synchronous expansion idler signal, it is determined that the knife for only being caused by Milling Force
Tool radial displacement, realizes error separate.
Step 8) in, it is necessary to dynamic compensation is carried out to measuring system.Its step response curve has that overshoot is big, the number of oscillation is more,
Reach steady state time it is long the features such as.The compensation method of zero point POLE PLACEMENT USING is suitable for each level system, it is not necessary to consider convergence
Problem, is also obtained suitable compensation system when the step response vibration of system is violent, and compensation tache does not increase original measurement
The exponent number of system, increased a low pass filter before compensation tache, can eliminate the high-frequency noise in Milling Force measurement signal
Interference, during Milling Process, Milling Force F is acted on milling cutter, and measuring system determines measurement milling by the measurement of knife bar vibration displacement
Cut power Fm。
Claims (3)
1. a kind of dynamic milling force measuring method based on vibration cutting displacement, it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
1), during Milling Process, laser vibration measurer measures the vibration velocity of laser measurement point on cutter bar of milling cutter in the y-direction in real time, and this shakes
Dynamic speed obtains vibration displacement after the data processings such as integration, and the misaligned mistake of radial direction of rotary cutter is contained in this vibration displacement
Difference and deviation from circular from, are obtained the vibration displacement for only being caused by cutting force Jing after error separate.
2) Milling Process is interrupted cut, and milling cutter can be encouraged by interrupted cut power in process, and driving frequency is knife
Tooth by frequency ftp
In formula：Ω (rpm) is the speed of mainshaft, and N is milling cutter tooth number.
3) in the case where the speed of mainshaft is relatively low, driving frequency ftpFar below tooling system first natural frequency, it is believed that
The stiffness characteristics of cutter and it is static when it is essentially identical, i.e., milling cutter by Milling Force effect after be elastic deformation, the dynamic milling on milling cutter
Power FmFormula linear relationship is met with the vibration displacement δ on surveyed knife bar：
Fm=Ksδ (2)
In formula：KsFor the Static stiffness of milling cutter, Theoretical Calculation can be passed through or static calibration experiment determines.
4) when the speed of mainshaft is higher, driving frequency ftpIt is possible to be close to the natural frequency of tooling system, it is dynamic by cutter itself
The impact of step response, is no longer linear relationship between the vibration displacement in Milling Force and institute's survey knife bar on milling cutter, it is necessary to FmEnter
Mobile state is compensated, to obtain accurate Milling Force measurement result during high-speed milling.
5) as the processes such as the processing of cutter, assembling have an error, it is misaligned that the physical axis of cutter rotate axis.Cutter
During rotation, the radial displacement on knife bar at laser measurement point changes as cutter rotates, and produces radially misaligned measurement error,
Further, since there is deviation from circular from the outline on knife bar at laser measurement point.Both error signals are periodic signal,
Exist in milling process always.
6), when cutter dallies (no cutting force), the radial displacement that laser vibration measurer is measured is the misaligned error of radial direction and deviation from circular from
Superposition, be periodic signal, record the radial displacement signal under cutter idling conditions, cycle is believed in time domain processing signal
Number separated.
7) during tooling system dynamic characteristic high-speed milling, driving frequency ftpMay be close to the first rank even more high-order of tooling system
Natural frequency, measuring system by tooling system dynamic characteristic affected and cause measure distortion, now must take into cutter system
Impact of the dynamic characteristic of system to measurement result.
8) working band of measuring system is only 300Hz, and when milling cutter rotating speed is higher, measuring system working band will be unable to cover
Lid Milling Force all spectrum components and cause the dynamic milling force distortion surveyed, then after low pass filter and compensation tache
To final compensation Milling Force Fmc, finally, obtain the dynamic milling force measuring method of vibration cutting displacement.
2. the dynamic milling force measuring method based on vibration cutting displacement according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 6)
In
A. several stable complete signal cycles in measured displacement signal idle running section are chosen,
B. the periodic signal to choosing carries out periodic extension to whole measurement process, obtains the expansion idle running letter synchronous with original signal
Number,
C. the vibration displacement signal of the surveyed course of processing is deducted into synchronous expansion idler signal, it is determined that the knife for only being caused by Milling Force
Tool radial displacement, realizes error separate.
3. the dynamic milling force measuring method based on vibration cutting displacement according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 8)
In, it is necessary to dynamic compensation is carried out to measuring system.When its step response curve has that overshoot is big, the number of oscillation is more, reaches stable state
Between it is long the features such as.The compensation method of zero point POLE PLACEMENT USING is suitable for each level system, it is not necessary to is considered convergence of algorithm sex chromosome mosaicism, is being
The step response vibration of system is also obtained suitable compensation system when violent, and compensation tache does not increase the exponent number of original measuring system,
Increase a low pass filter before compensation tache, the high-frequency noise interference in Milling Force measurement signal can be eliminated, milling adds
Man-hour, Milling Force F are acted on milling cutter, and measuring system determines measurement Milling Force F by the measurement of knife bar vibration displacementm。
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107097101A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-08-29 | 西北工业大学 | Cutting force measurement method based on machine tool chief axis handle of a knife cutting tool mode coupling technique |
| CN108398099A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-08-14 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | A kind of modification method of single-point laser strain calibrated error |
| CN108733001A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-11-02 | 发那科株式会社 | Swing the control device of the lathe of cutting |
| CN108723895A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-11-02 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of signal dividing method monitored in real time for drilling machining state |
| CN110260454A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-09-20 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | A kind of load recognition method, device, storage medium and compressor |
| CN111408981A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-07-14 | 武汉数字化设计与制造创新中心有限公司 | Cutting force spectrum analysis-based real-time identification method for rotating speed of air-driven spindle |
| CN111993160A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-11-27 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Method for identifying similar vibration frequency based on ultra-precise diamond lathe surface shape |
| CN114043312A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-02-15 | 广东海洋大学 | Online detection and identification method and system for spiral hole milling state abnormity |
-
2015
- 2015-10-13 CN CN201510658618.1A patent/CN106563973A/en active Pending
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108733001A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2018-11-02 | 发那科株式会社 | Swing the control device of the lathe of cutting |
| CN108733001B (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2020-05-01 | 发那科株式会社 | Control device for machine tool for performing swing cutting |
| CN107097101A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-08-29 | 西北工业大学 | Cutting force measurement method based on machine tool chief axis handle of a knife cutting tool mode coupling technique |
| CN107097101B (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2018-02-06 | 西北工业大学 | Cutting force measurement method based on machine tool chief axis handle of a knife cutting tool mode coupling technique |
| CN108398099A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-08-14 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | A kind of modification method of single-point laser strain calibrated error |
| CN108398099B (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2020-03-20 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | Correction method for single-point laser strain calibration error |
| CN108723895A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-11-02 | 湘潭大学 | A kind of signal dividing method monitored in real time for drilling machining state |
| CN110260454A (en) * | 2019-06-10 | 2019-09-20 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | A kind of load recognition method, device, storage medium and compressor |
| CN111408981A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-07-14 | 武汉数字化设计与制造创新中心有限公司 | Cutting force spectrum analysis-based real-time identification method for rotating speed of air-driven spindle |
| CN111993160A (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2020-11-27 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Method for identifying similar vibration frequency based on ultra-precise diamond lathe surface shape |
| CN111993160B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2022-02-22 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Method for identifying similar vibration frequency based on ultra-precise diamond lathe surface shape |
| CN114043312A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-02-15 | 广东海洋大学 | Online detection and identification method and system for spiral hole milling state abnormity |
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Application publication date: 20170419 |