CN106559003A - 一种新的基于模块化多电平变换器的单相变流器拓扑 - Google Patents

一种新的基于模块化多电平变换器的单相变流器拓扑 Download PDF

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CN106559003A
CN106559003A CN201710024404.8A CN201710024404A CN106559003A CN 106559003 A CN106559003 A CN 106559003A CN 201710024404 A CN201710024404 A CN 201710024404A CN 106559003 A CN106559003 A CN 106559003A
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pressure stage
isolation
modular multilevel
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鲁思兆
李思奇
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/23—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only arranged for operation in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及的一种新的基于模块化多电平变换器的单相变流器拓扑，属于电力电子变换器技术领域。本发明包括高压级、隔离级和低压级，高压级采用模块化多电平变换器结构；高压级与低压级间由隔离级来实现电气隔离；隔离级由多个隔离子模块先串联后并联构成，采用高频隔离方式；所述隔离子模块串联后的中点为交流电压的参考点；所述隔离子模块可以采用任何双向直流变流拓扑结构，如双有源全桥，串联谐振双H桥等。本发明使隔离级子模块与高压级的子模块采用不同的个数，使得不同电压等级的开关器件可以组合应用，优化系统的体积和成本。

Description

一种新的基于模块化多电平变换器的单相变流器拓扑
技术领域
本发明属于电力电子变换器技术领域，尤其涉及一种用于电网、轨道交通的模块化单相变流器拓扑。
背景技术
模块化多电平变换器（Modular Multilevel Converter, MMC）由于其特有的优点，如模块化易于扩展，共直流母线，效率高，输出电压谐波小等一系列优点，在高压大容量领域得到了越来越多的应用。现有的基于MMC的单相变流器基本结构如图1所示，其中高压级为基于半桥子模块的MMC，通过电容串联获得交流电压的参考点。MMC分为上桥臂和下桥臂两部分，每个桥臂由N个半桥子模块串联得到，上桥臂和下桥臂之间通常串接缓冲电感La防止桥臂在开关过程中发生桥臂直通，导致大的桥臂电流。若正母线P+和负母线N-之间的电压为Vdc，则每个子模块所需承受的电压为Vdc/N。MMC的输出接滤波电感Lo，使输出的电流满足负载RL对THD（Total Harmonic Distortion，总谐波失真）的要求。图1中的隔离级采用双有源全桥，中间采用高频隔离方式。隔离级由2N个子模块先串联后并联构成，其中隔离级的原边电压等级与MMC子模块的电压等级相同。图1中低压级可为直流母线输出或者三相低压交流输出。
现有的基于MMC的单相变流器拓扑，隔离级子模块数和高压级的子模块数相同，若高压级的子模块个数多，则会导致隔离级子模块个数多，所需的高频隔离变压器个数也多，不利于系统体积和成本的降低。此外，隔离级子模块原边的电压等级必须与高压级子模块电压等级保持一致，限制了不同电压等级开关器件的应用，导致不能实现系统体积和成本的最优设计。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对已有技术中所述的基于MMC的单相变流器隔离子模块数多，高频变压器多，限制不同电压等级开关器件应用等问题，提出了一种新的基于MMC的单相变流器拓扑。采用新的拓扑结构，可以使隔离级子模块与高压级MMC的子模块个数采用不同的个数，优化系统的体积和成本；同时，隔离级的原边电压等级不需要与高压级子模块保持一致，使得不同电压等级的开关器件可以组合应用，从而实现系统体积和成本的最优设计。此外，新拓扑中，隔离级子模块串联后的中点作为交流电压的参考点，不再需要通过额外的电容串联来构造交流电压的参考点。
本发明采用的技术方案如图2所示，新的变流器拓扑分为高压级、隔离级和低压级，所述的高压级与低压级间由隔离级来实现电气隔离。其中高压级为基于半桥子模块的MMC，具有效率高，谐波小等特点。MMC分为上桥臂和下桥臂两部分，每个桥臂由N个半桥子模块串联得到，上桥臂和下桥臂之间通常串接缓冲电感La防止桥臂在开关过程中发生桥臂直通，导致大的桥臂电流。若正母线P+和负母线N-之间的电压为Vdc，则每个子模块所需承受的电压为Vdc/N。
进一步的，高压级子模块的个数由高压级的电压和所采用的开关器件的耐压等级来决定。
进一步的，隔离级由2M个隔离子模块先串联后并联构成，采用高频隔离方式；
进一步的，隔离级的子模块个数由隔离级电压和所采用的开关器件的耐压等级来决定，与高压级的子模块个数不一样。
进一步的，隔离级的子模块的原边电压等级与高压级子模块的电压等级可以不一样。
进一步的，隔离子模块串联后的中点为交流电压的参考点O，不需要通过额外的电容串联来构造交流电压的参考点。
进一步的，隔离子模块可以采用任何双向直流变流拓扑结构，如双有源全桥，串联谐振双H桥等。
进一步的，低压级输出电压为直流电压VDCL，可连接直流母线、直流负载，逆变器等。
本发明的有益效果是实现单相的交流-直流功率变换功能。通过采用新的电路拓扑结构，可以使单相变流器中的隔离级子模块与高压级MMC的子模块个数采用不同的个数，隔离级的原边电压等级不需要与高压级子模块保持一致，不再需要通过额外的电容串联来构造交流电压的参考点，从而实现系统体积和成本的最优设计。
附图说明
图1是已有基于MMC的单相变流器基本结构图；
图2是本发明所提出的基于MMC的单相变流器拓扑；
图3是实施例1的结构图；
图4是实施例2的结构图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例，对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1：如图3所示，交流输入为25kV/50Hz，直流输出V DCL为900V。高压级采用6.5kV电压等级的绝缘栅双极型晶体管（Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor，IGBT），高压子模块的电容电压为4kV，选择正母线P+和负母线N-之间的电压V dc为72kV。根据直流母线电压和高压子模块电容电压的关系可得高压级每个桥臂中的子模块个数N =18，高压级所需的开关器件个数为72个。隔离级原边采用6.5kV的IGBT，隔离级原边的电容电压为4kV；隔离级副边采用1700V的IGBT，隔离级副边的电容电压为900V。根据直流母线电压和隔离级原边电容电压的关系可得隔离级所需的子模块个数为2M =18，隔离级所需的开关器件个数为72个。因此整个变换器所需的总开关器件个数为144个。
若采用如图1所示的已有基于MMC的单相变流器拓扑，交流输入为25kV/50Hz，直流输出V DCL为900V。高压级采用6.5kV电压等级的IGBT，高压子模块的电容电压为4kV，选择正母线P+和负母线N-之间的电压V dc为72kV。根据直流母线电压和高压子模块电容电压的关系可得高压级每个桥臂中的子模块个数N =18，高压级所需要的开关器件数为72个。隔离级原边电压等级与高压级子模块电压等级相同，需采用6.5kV的IGBT，隔离级原边的电容电压为4kV；隔离级副边采用1700V的IGBT，隔离级副边的电容电压为900V。隔离级的子模块个数与高压级的子模块个数相同，总共需要36个隔离子模块，隔离级所需的开关器件个数为144个。因此，整个变换器所需的总开关器件个数为216个。与本发明中的实施例1相比，开关器件个数增加了72个。
实施例2：如图4所示，交流输入为25kV/50Hz，直流输出V DCL为900V。高压级采用6.5kV电压等级的IGBT，高压子模块的电容电压为4kV，选择正母线P+和负母线N-之间的电压V dc为72kV。根据直流母线电压和高压子模块电容电压的关系可得高压级每个桥臂中的子模块个数N =18，高压级所需的开关器件个数为72个。隔离级原边采用已经研制成功的10kV电压等级的碳化硅SiC MOSFET，其电容电压为6kV；隔离级副边采用已经商业化的1700V电压等级的SiC MOSFET，其电容电压为900V。根据直流母线电压和隔离级原边电容电压的关系可得隔离级所需的子模块个数为2M =12，隔离级所需的开关器件个数为48个。因此整个变换器所需的总开关器件个数为120个。
基于硅的IGBT器件技术已经很成熟，成本较低，但是受限于其开关频率低，开关损耗大，且最高的电压等级为6.5kV；基于SiC的器件属于新技术，成本较高，但是其开关频率高，损耗小。通过6.5kV IGBT和10kV MOSFET的混合应用，以实现高效率和低成本。高压级采用6.5kV的IGBT器件，降低成本，隔离级原边采用已经研制成功的10kV电压等级的SiCMOSFET可显著减少隔离级的子模块个数，同时实现高效率和较低的系统成本。
若采用如图1所示的已有基于MMC的单相变流器拓扑，交流输入为25kV/50Hz，直流输出V DCL为900V。高压级采用6.5kV电压等级的IGBT，高压子模块的电容电压为4kV，选择正母线P+和负母线N-之间的电压V dc为72kV。根据直流母线电压和高压子模块电容电压的关系可得高压级每个桥臂中的子模块个数N =18，高压级所需要的开关器件数为72个。隔离级原边电压等级与高压级子模块电压等级相同，需采用6.5kV的IGBT，隔离级原边的电容电压为4kV；隔离级副边采用1700V的IGBT，隔离级副边的电容电压为900V。隔离级的子模块个数与高压级的子模块个数相同，总共需要36个隔离子模块，隔离级所需的开关器件个数为144个。因此，整个变换器所需的总开关器件个数为216个。与本发明中实施例2相比，开关器件个数增加了96个。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式而非对其限制，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (7)

1.一种新的基于模块化多电平变换器的单相变流器拓扑，其特征在于：包括高压级、隔离级和低压级，所述高压级与低压级间通过隔离级来实现电气隔离；
所述高压级采用模块化多电平变换器结构，采用半桥子模块作为基本单元；所述隔离级采用高频隔离方式，由多个隔离子模块先串联后并联构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于模块化多电平变换器的单相变流器拓扑，其特征在于：所述高压级中的模块化多电平变换器由多个半桥子模块级联构成，半桥子模块的个数由高压级的电压和所采用的开关器件的耐压等级决定。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于模块化多电平变换器的单相变流器拓扑，其特征在于：所述隔离级中的隔离子模块个数由隔离级电压和所采用的开关器件的耐压等级决定。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的基于模块化多电平变换器的单相变流器拓扑，其特征在于：所述隔离子模块个数与高压级中的半桥子模块个数不相同。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于模块化多电平变换器的单相变流器拓扑，其特征在于：所述隔离子模块串联后的中点为交流电压的参考点。
6.根据权利要求1所述的基于模块化多电平变换器的单相变流器拓扑，其特征在于：所述隔离子模块采用双向直流变流拓扑结构。
7.根据权利要求1所述的基于模块化多电平变换器的单相变流器拓扑，其特征在于：所述低压级输出电压为直流电压，连接直流母线、直流负载和逆变器。
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CN113241962A (zh) * 2021-06-07 2021-08-10 昆明理工大学 一种基于三相四桥臂mmc的电力电子变压器及其控制方法

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