CN106555565A - A kind of low pressure and easy leaking loses the cementing method that well positive injection is instead squeezed - Google Patents
A kind of low pressure and easy leaking loses the cementing method that well positive injection is instead squeezed Download PDFInfo
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- CN106555565A CN106555565A CN201611083144.3A CN201611083144A CN106555565A CN 106555565 A CN106555565 A CN 106555565A CN 201611083144 A CN201611083144 A CN 201611083144A CN 106555565 A CN106555565 A CN 106555565A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of low pressure and easy leaking loses the cementing method that well positive injection is instead squeezed, including：1) drilling fluid stages cycle is carried out during setting of casing；2) carry out top under after complete sleeve pipe to drilling fluid in well logical；If setting up normal circulation, fixed displacement circulated at least two cycles；Circulation, positive injection drilling fluid cannot such as be set up；Ensure that annular space is unobstructed；3) positive cement injection sealing returns height to the cement ensured by drop ply bottom position or stratum pressure-bearing；4) small displacement carries out trying to squeeze, and drop ply is squeezed logical；Such as try to squeeze well head pressure more than PClose, then stop construction；Such as try to squeeze well head pressure less than PClose, anti-crowded construction is carried out with slurry rod structure according to anti-squeeze cementing amount is designed.It is low that the cementing method efficiently solves the problems, such as that the cement that well cementation leakage is caused returns high not enough and interval isolation displacement efficiency, reduce the cement mortar caused by leakage to waste, it is to avoid because the cost brought using ultralow density cement slurries is dramatically increased and the poorly sealed production hidden danger for causing of sizing collar.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Oil/gas Well shaft building technical field of construction, and in particular to what a kind of low pressure and easy leaking mistake well positive injection was instead squeezed consolidates
Well method.
Background technology
Well cementation is the key operation link during Oil/gas Well shaft building, realizes cement sheath in sleeve pipe and the constituted annular space of well
Interior structure and the basic demand that sealing integrity is casing and cementing.But when well well cementation is lost to low pressure and easy leaking, due to stratum pressure-bearing
Ability is relatively low, and under the effect of annular space hydrodynamic column pressure, cement mortar enters drop ply, causes cement to return high not enough, and sacrifices indirectly top
Improve for efficiency, so as to cause cementing quality poor, affect Oil/gas Well normally production and service life.
The technology of anti-well cementation leakage mainly has low-density or Ultra-Low Density Cement Slurries and Stage collar casing.Use
The materials such as foam, high strength glass microballon, floating bead and micro- silicon are used as palliative, the low-density or ultralow close of compatibility additive exploitation
Degree mortar architecture, density can be down to 0.9g/cm3, meet well cementation needs.But as cement slurry density is reduced, while ensureing strong
The performances such as degree, stability, dehydration meet well cementation needs, palliative intensity, additive performance requirement are greatly improved, is current state
Not permitted in interior many block well cementation low cost operation present situations.In addition, the well cementation of twin-stage hoop is constrained by Formation bearing pressure, its peace
Put position to determine with reference to well cementation slurry post, slurry performance, it is impossible to fundamentally realize well cementation leakproof；And if twin-stage hoop cuts out not
Sternly (situation repeatedly may occur at the scene), then casing pressure test is unsatisfactory for producing needs, remedies task difficulty greatly, effect compared with
Difference.
In prior art,《Positive injection instead squeezes application of the cementing technology in casing window sidetracking well》(Wang Zimin etc., natural gas
Technology with it is economical, 2011) text describes conventional positive injection and instead squeezes cementing technology：It is to be applied to stratum that positive injection instead squeezes cementing technology
Bearing capacity is too low, in drilling process severe leakage a kind of special oil gas well cementing operation technology.Conventional well positive injection instead squeezes well cementation
Main technique technical characterstic is as follows：1. absorption well is necessarily used for, and has accurately grasped the characteristic of loss horizon；2. positive injection
Cement mortar returns high design and is generally drop ply above 200m；3. instead squeezing construction must be carried out after positive injection neck slurry initial set；4. anti-squeezing is applied
Before work injection cement mortar, bottom lost-circulation zone is first injected, is conducive to positive slip casting and the linking of anti-shove, is realized full well sealing.But should
Article only to positive injection instead squeeze well cementation carry out qualitative design, be not yet related to regard to well prepare, slurry rod structure, well head pressure feature and
The systematized engineering design methods such as control.
In sum, " positive injection is counter to squeeze " is as the remedial technology that cement returns high deficiency is solved after leakage of cementing the well, above-mentioned normal
Rule positive injection is instead squeezed cementing technology and is generally used for surface pipe and intermediate casing cementing, but for low pressure and easy leaking loses the " positive injection of well
Return crowded " cementing technology, still lack the method for designing and quality assurance measure of system at present, become in low cost well cementation operating situation
The lower difficult problem for ensureing the type well cementing quality.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of low pressure and easy leaking loses the cementing method that well positive injection is instead squeezed, effectively solving well cementation leakage
The cement for causing returns the low problem of high not enough and interval isolation displacement efficiency, reduces because the cement mortar that leakage is caused is wasted.
In order to realize object above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of low pressure and easy leaking loses the cementing method that well positive injection is instead squeezed, and comprises the following steps：
1) setting of casing：Drilling fluid stages cycle is carried out during setting of casing；
2) sleeve pipe enters well to designing after well depth, top is carried out to drilling fluid in well logical；
Normal circulation can be set up after leading to such as drilling fluid top, speed is returned with ring control and is not less than 1.2m/s, fixed displacement circulation at least two
The individual cycle；
As in well, drilling fluid cannot set up circulation, positive injection drilling fluid controls slip casting discharge capacity, by sleeve pipe and the following annular space of leak source
Interior closing slurry is pushed to stratum；Annular space drilling fluid more than leak source is pushed to stratum from annular space, to destroy drilling well in annular space
Liquid structural capacity, it is ensured that annular space is unobstructed；
3) positive injection：Positive cement injection sealing returns height to the cement ensured by drop ply bottom position or stratum pressure-bearing；
4) it is anti-to squeeze：Examination is carried out with the discharge capacity for being not higher than 300L/min to squeeze, drop ply is squeezed logical, and record examination squeezing well head pressure；
Such as try to squeeze well head pressure more than PClose, then stop construction；
Such as try to squeeze well head pressure less than PClose, anti-crowded construction is carried out with slurry rod structure according to anti-squeeze cementing amount is designed；
PClose=min { the maximum closing well rated pressure allowed by ground preventer, formation fracture pressure at the casing shoe of upper strata }.
The low pressure and easy leaking of the present invention loses well positive injection, and anti-crowded cementing method is applied to：Formation bearing pressure is less than 1.30g/
cm3, and cost control is received, be not suitable for using consolidating that extremely-low density, high strength cement slurry system or foamed cement slurry system are carried out
Well.
The low pressure and easy leaking of the present invention loses the cementing method that well positive injection is instead squeezed, and design principle is as follows：
1. the well of normal circulation can be set up before cementing the well, is cemented the well with normal slurry amount using normal procedure, be met with all strength and improve
Displacement efficiency is required；Height is returned according to the cement can guarantee that by Formation bearing pressure in part wellblock, suitably adds 10%～15% body
The design positive injection cement slurry volume of accumulated amount；
2. the well of normal circulation cannot be set up before cementing the well, using " positive injection " and " anti-to squeeze " well cementation；" positive injection " cement slurry volume is returned
To drop ply position, do not add, " positive injection " section displacement efficiency is ensured using engineering measure；
3. there is leakage in normal well cementation but cement returns height not enough, or using " positive injection " and " anti-crowded " well cementation, to be sufficiently destroyed
Drilling fluid structural capacity in the well section annular space of top, promote the borehole wall and casing wall mud cake to wash away, reduce drilling fluid and cement mortar blending is
Purpose carries out " anti-to squeeze " design.
It is a systematic engineering of business to improve low pressure and easy leaking and lose well cementing quality, in scope (the setting of casing mistake of casing and cementing control
Circulation and cementing operation process before journey, well cementation) take effective measure to be premise.First, before " positive injection is counter to squeeze " construction, need
Property of drilling fluid in well is adjusted, viscosity and shear force is reduced.
As low pressure and easy leaking loses, well Formation bearing pressure is generally relatively low, and On Drilling Fluid Thixotropy is larger, should divide during setting of casing
Duan Xunhuan, abolishes drilling fluid structural capacity, reduces the surge pressure that sleeve pipe enters well, while avoiding turn on pump from suppressing Lou stratum.Step 1 again)
In, the stages cycle is referred to：Weak formation above well section is circulated per 500m；Into before weak formation, weak formation above well
In Duan Jing, drilling fluid is all replaced；Into after weak formation, per the circulation of 200m well sections.During stages cycle, slow top is logical, pressure
After stable, discharge capacity is gradually stepped up.
Under after complete sleeve pipe, the situation of normal circulation can be set up after drilling fluid top is logical：Sleeve pipe enters well to designing after well depth, first
First to drilling fluid in well, slowly top is logical, and well inner sealing slurry is all recycled well by slush pump list valve small displacement；Returned according to well head
Slurry situation, gradually steps up circulation discharge capacity；After annular space returns speed is not less than 1.2m/s, fixed displacement is circulated at least two weeks, is realized effective
False filter cake on one, second interface is removed, the purpose of drilling fluid viscosity and shear force is reduced.Adjustment drilling fluid viscosity, shear force so as to meet
Well cementation needs.Drilling fluid density is adjusted according to hole condition actual conditions；General, the Marsh funnel viscosity of drilling fluid is less than 45s.
Under after complete sleeve pipe, circulation cannot be set up in well, drilling fluid closing slurry can not recycle the situation of well：The complete set under
There is the situation that High angle section and horizontal segment closing slurry in leakage, well cannot recycle well, positive injection drilling fluid, according to well head after pipe
Pressure, controls slip casting discharge capacity, not only sleeve pipe can be pushed to stratum with the closing slurry in the following annular space of leak source, remove mud
Cake, and ensure to deteriorate leakage situation.
Step 2) in, if circulation cannot be set up in well, slurry discharge capacity is replaced in control, by the closing in sleeve pipe and the following annular space of leak source
When slurry is pushed to stratum, drilling fluid consumption is 1.5～2 times of this section of volume.From in annular space by annular space drilling fluid more than leak source
It is appropriate to push to stratum, to destroy drilling fluid structural capacity in annular space, it is ensured that annular space is unimpeded.
" positive injection " cementing design：Positive cement injection sealing is returned to the cement ensured by drop ply bottom position or stratum pressure-bearing
It is high.
Before positive injection construction, it is initially injected glue or newly with drilling fluid, is then implanted sequentially flushing liquor, cement mortar, in the borehole wall
Under the premise of stable, flushing liquor segment length is improved.It is initially injected glue or newly matches somebody with somebody drilling fluid, it is therefore an objective to is sufficiently destroyed drilling fluid knot in well
Structure power, effectively washes away wall cake.When injection flushing liquor, cement mortar, it is ensured that for slurry discharge capacity, but no more than circulation of drilling fluid
Discharge capacity, to improve interval of interest cementing quality.
Such as cement the well the equal normal circulation of front drilling fluid, then the Formation bearing pressure of layer is lost as foundation with low pressure and easy leaking, positive injection
Cement mortar sealing segment length L is determined according to vertical depth h on well depth track：
In formula (1), PHoldThe Formation bearing pressure of layer is lost for low pressure and easy leaking, has PHold=ρHoldgHL, wherein ρHoldFor stratum pressure-bearing energy
Power equal yield density；PfFor this layer of position above annular space well section circulation frictional resistance；HLFor this layer of position place well vertical depth；ρmFor in annular space
Drilling fluid density；ρcFor the equal yield density of this layer of position above cement mortar.Wherein, PfComputational methods may be referred to《SY-T5480–
1992 cementing rheological characteristics are designed》.
Such as during setting of casing or circulation of drilling fluid occurred leakage, step 3) in positive injection cement mortar sealing to drop ply
Bottom, does not add, and retains anti-crowded passage；
As Jing after leak stopping cement the well before drilling well liquid energy set up normal circulation, then by one design procedure of scheme 3) in positive injection cement
Slurry sealing segment length；
Scheme one：Cement mortar sealing segment length by easy lost-circulation zone above segment length L and easy lost-circulation zone to constitute down to bottom hole spacing,
Cement slurry volume adds 10%～15% volume.
Cement mortar sealing segment length is considered as scheme one and drafts anti-crowded layer position position.
As drafted the cement mortar institute sealing that anti-crowded layer position is designed by scheme one, then the cement mortar interval isolation of positive injection is a length of drafts
The annular space segment length of anti-crowded layer position to shaft bottom；
As drafted the cement mortar institute sealing that anti-crowded layer position is not designed by scheme one, then it is designed by scheme one.
Instead squeeze in cementing design, anti-final setting time of the time interval of crowded and positive injection not less than cement mortar at the top of positive injection.
Step 4) in, anti-squeeze cementing amount is designed according to the bruising pressure and wastage of positive injection, while additional 10%～
15% volume.
Step 4) in, after examination was squeezed drop ply crowded leading to, injection flushing liquor consumption is improved, for destroying drilling fluid structural capacity in well
And the mud cake washed away on the borehole wall, casing wall；Segment length insulating liquid not less than 200m is squeezed afterwards instead.The purpose of injection flushing liquor is abundant
Destruction drilling fluid static the formed structural capacity of long-time, the mud cake effectively washed away on the borehole wall, casing wall in the well.
Before injection cement mortar, insulating liquid (or isolation slurry) of the segment length no less than 200m can be injected.
The anti-construction degree squeezed includes：
A) preventer is closed, the anti-crowded pipeline of connection, small displacement carry out examination and squeeze (cementing truck is not higher than 300L/min discharge capacities), note
Well head pressure is squeezed in record examination；
Such as try to squeeze well head pressure more than PClose, then stop, no longer carrying out anti-squeezing and construct；
PClose=min { the maximum closing well rated pressure allowed by ground preventer, formation fracture pressure at the casing shoe of upper strata }；
Such as try to squeeze well head pressure less than PClose, it is slow to improve anti-crowded discharge capacity, record well head pressure；It is slow again to reduce the anti-row of squeezing
Amount, records well head pressure；Contrast investigates leakage and the closure situation of anti-crowded passage with the well head pressure twice under discharge capacity；Full
Sufficient well head pressure is not more than PCloseAnti- crowded discharge capacity is improved as far as possible with the premise of the anti-crowded passage making capacity of reservation.
B) carry out anti-squeezing according to the anti-squeeze cementing amount of design and slurry rod structure to construct.Well head pressure is kept a close eye on during crowded operation instead
Power changes；Anti- crowded well head pressure P0It is calculated as follows：
P0=PL-PFluid column+Pf (2)
In formula (2), PLTo return crowded passage leakage pressure, PFluid columnFor head of liquid in annular space, PfFor annular circulation frictional resistance.
The low pressure and easy leaking of the present invention loses the cementing method that well positive injection is instead squeezed, according to Formation bearing pressure and main lost-circulation zone
Position, takes into account leakproof and improves displacement efficiency needs, optimize " positive injection is counter to squeeze " cementing method, it is ensured that construction quality, is to solve well cementation
Low cost operation and ensure a kind of effective ways of contradiction between cementing quality, efficiently solve the well cementation cement that causes of leakage and return
The low problem of high not enough and interval isolation displacement efficiency, reduce the cement mortar caused by leakage and waste, it is to avoid super because applying
The cost that low-density cement mortar brings is dramatically increased and the poorly sealed production hidden danger for causing of sizing collar.
Compared with prior art, low pressure and easy leaking of the invention loses the cementing method that well positive injection is instead squeezed, with following beneficial effect
Really：
(1) based on Formation bearing pressure and easy lost-circulation zone characteristic distributions, improvement and optimization " positive injection is counter to squeeze " well cementation side
Method.Jing after the application of scene, the cement that effectively solving well cementation leakage is caused returns the low problem of high not enough and interval isolation displacement efficiency,
Cementing quality significantly improves；And, technology Jing is promoted, and can be reduced because the cement mortar that leakage is caused is wasted, it is to avoid because making
Dramatically increased with the cost that ultralow density cement slurries bring, it is to avoid the poorly sealed production hidden danger for causing of sizing collar.
(2) by systematized method for designing and quality assurance measure, become remedial measure and well well cementation is lost into low pressure and easy leaking
Routinely method, it is adaptable to because in well cementation leakage cause cement return it is high not enough and under miss after complete sleeve pipe must cement the well by force
Operating mode, be with a wide range of applications.
Description of the drawings
Well head pressure change schematic diagram when Fig. 1 is instead to squeeze；
When Fig. 2 is anti-crowded, slurry enters the schematic diagram of drop ply, wherein (a) is full of drilling fluid for drop ply, (b) exists for flushing liquor
Drop ply fingering, (c) uniformly advances in drop ply for cement mortar；
Fig. 3 is JP-302 well cementing quality schematic diagrames, wherein (a) cements the well for well depth 0-800m, it is (b) attached for well depth 1200m
Nearly 70m empty set pipes, (c) for the purpose of layer sealing；
Fig. 4 is JP-329 well cementing quality schematic diagrames, wherein (a) is top leak source above well section well cementation, it is (b) two leak sources
Between cement the well, (c) be the well cementation of shaft bottom positive injection well section.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Low pressure and easy leaking in specific embodiment loses the cementing method that well positive injection is instead squeezed, and applicable elements are：Stratum pressure-bearing energy
Power is less than 1.30g/cm3, and cost control is received, be not suitable for using extremely-low density, high strength cement slurry system or foam slurry
The well cementation that system is carried out.
The low pressure and easy leaking loses the cementing method that well positive injection is instead squeezed, and design principle is as follows：
1. the well of normal circulation can be set up before cementing the well, is cemented the well with normal slurry amount using normal procedure, be met with all strength and improve
Displacement efficiency is required；Height is returned according to the cement can guarantee that by Formation bearing pressure in part wellblock, suitably adds 10%～15% body
The design positive injection cement slurry volume of accumulated amount；
2. the well of normal circulation cannot be set up before cementing the well, using " positive injection " and " anti-to squeeze " well cementation；" positive injection " cement slurry volume is returned
To drop ply position, do not add, " positive injection " section displacement efficiency is ensured using engineering measure；
3. there is leakage in normal well cementation but cement returns height not enough, or using " positive injection " and " anti-crowded " well cementation, to be sufficiently destroyed
Drilling fluid structural capacity in the well section annular space of top, promote the borehole wall and casing wall mud cake to wash away, reduce drilling fluid and cement mortar blending is
Purpose carries out " anti-to squeeze " design.
Low pressure and easy leaking in specific embodiment loses the cementing method that well positive injection is instead squeezed, and specifically includes following steps：
1) setting of casing：Drilling fluid stages cycle is carried out during setting of casing；
Stages cycle is required：Weak formation above well section is circulated per 500m；Into before weak formation, weak floor above well section
In well, drilling fluid is all replaced；Into after weak formation, per the circulation of 200m well sections；During stages cycle, slow top is logical, and pressure is steady
After fixed, discharge capacity is gradually stepped up.The purpose of stages cycle is to abolish drilling fluid structural capacity, reduces the exciting pressure that sleeve pipe enters well generation
Power, while avoiding turn on pump from suppressing Lou stratum.
2) sleeve pipe enters well to designing after well depth, top is carried out to drilling fluid in well logical；
Under after complete sleeve pipe, the situation of normal circulation can be set up after drilling fluid top is logical：Sleeve pipe enters well to designing after well depth, first
First to drilling fluid in well, slowly top is logical, and well inner sealing slurry is all recycled well by slush pump list valve small displacement；Returned according to well head
Slurry situation, gradually steps up circulation discharge capacity；After annular space returns speed is not less than 1.2m/s, fixed displacement is circulated at least two weeks, is realized effective
False filter cake on one, second interface is removed, the purpose of drilling fluid viscosity and shear force is reduced.Drilling fluid density is adjusted according to hole condition actual conditions
Whole, Marsh funnel viscosity is less than 45s.
Under after complete sleeve pipe, circulation cannot be set up in well, drilling fluid closing slurry can not recycle the situation of well：The complete set under
There is the situation that High angle section and horizontal segment closing slurry in leakage, well cannot recycle well, positive injection drilling fluid, according to well head after pipe
Pressure, controls slip casting discharge capacity, not only sleeve pipe can be pushed to stratum with the closing slurry in the following annular space of leak source, remove mud
Cake, and ensure to deteriorate leakage situation；Drilling fluid consumption is 1.5～2 times of this section of volume.From in annular space by more than leak source
Annular space liquid is suitably pushed to stratum, to destroy drilling fluid structural capacity in annular space, it is ensured that annular space is unimpeded.
3) positive injection：Before " positive injection " construction, it is initially injected glue or newly with drilling fluid, is sufficiently destroyed drilling fluid structure in well
Power, effectively washes away wall cake；Then flushing liquor, cement mortar are implanted sequentially；Ensure for slurry discharge capacity, but circulation of drilling fluid can not be surpassed
Discharge capacity, improve interval of interest cementing quality.The water ensured to drop ply bottom position or stratum pressure-bearing by positive cement injection sealing
Mud returns height.
Such as cement the well the equal normal circulation of front drilling fluid, then the Formation bearing pressure of layer is lost as foundation with low pressure and easy leaking, positive injection
Cement mortar sealing segment length L is determined according to vertical depth h in well track：
In formula (1), PHoldThe Formation bearing pressure of layer is lost for low pressure and easy leaking, has PHold=ρHoldgHL, wherein ρHoldFor stratum pressure-bearing energy
Power equal yield density；PfFrictional resistance is circulated for this layer of position above annular space well section, computational methods may be referred to《SY-T5480-1992 water fillings
Mudflow denaturation is designed》；HLFor this layer of position place well vertical depth；ρmFor the drilling fluid density in annular space；ρcFor this layer of position above cement
The equal yield density of slurry.
There is leakage such as during setting of casing or circulation of drilling fluid, cement slurry volume is determined according to well loss zone's location；Root
Factually log well footpath data, the cement mortar sealing of positive injection do not added to drop ply bottom, retains anti-crowded passage；
Before as cemented the well Jing after leak stopping, well drilling well liquid energy sets up normal circulation, then the cement mortar envelope of positive injection is designed by scheme one
Gu segment length；Scheme one：Cement mortar sealing segment length by easy lost-circulation zone above segment length L and easy lost-circulation zone to constitute down to bottom hole spacing,
Cement slurry volume adds 10%～15% volume；
Cement mortar sealing segment length is considered as scheme one and drafts the position of anti-crowded layer position：
As drafted the cement mortar institute sealing that anti-crowded layer position is designed by scheme one, then the cement mortar interval isolation of positive injection is a length of drafts
The annular space segment length of anti-crowded layer position to shaft bottom；
As drafted the cement mortar institute sealing that anti-crowded layer position is not designed by scheme one, then it is designed by scheme one.
4) it is anti-to squeeze：The anti-crowded time interval with positive injection is not less than the final setting time of cement mortar at the top of positive injection.
Anti- crowded construction degree is：
A) preventer is closed, the anti-crowded pipeline of connection carries out examination with cementing truck not higher than 300L/min discharge capacities and squeezes, and record examination is crowded
Well head pressure；
Such as try to squeeze well head pressure more than PClose, then stop, no longer carrying out anti-squeezing and construct；
PClose=min { the maximum closing well rated pressure allowed by ground preventer, formation fracture pressure at the casing shoe of upper strata }；
Such as try to squeeze well head pressure less than PClose, it is slow to improve anti-crowded discharge capacity, record well head pressure；It is slow again to reduce the anti-row of squeezing
Amount, records well head pressure；Contrast investigates leakage and the closure situation of anti-crowded passage with the well head pressure twice under discharge capacity；Full
Sufficient well head pressure is not more than PCloseAnti- crowded discharge capacity is improved as far as possible with the premise of the anti-crowded passage making capacity of reservation；
B) carry out anti-squeezing according to the anti-squeeze cementing amount of design and slurry rod structure to construct：Flushing liquor is first injected, its consumption is improved
To be sufficiently destroyed drilling fluid static the formed structural capacity of long-time, the mud cake effectively washed away on the borehole wall, casing wall in the well；Afterwards
Cement mortar is counter is squeezed for injection, designs anti-squeeze cementing amount according to the bruising pressure and wastage of positive injection, while additional 10%～
15% volume.
Well head pressure change is kept a close eye on during crowded operation instead；Anti- crowded well head pressure P0It is calculated as follows：
P0=PL-PFluid column+Pf (2)
In formula (2), PLTo return crowded passage leakage pressure, PFluid columnFor head of liquid in annular space, PfFor annular circulation frictional resistance.
Pressure change is as shown in Figure 1：
1. closing well, small displacement examination are squeezed, and drop ply is squeezed logical, and well head pressure P is squeezed in examination1。
2. flushing liquor being injected, injection discharge capacity being properly increased under conditions of pressure is allowed, now well head pressure is returned because of raising
Crowded discharge capacity and increase；In flushing liquor injection process, annular space head of liquid is gradually lowered, and annular space global cycle frictional resistance is reduced, well head pressure
Power is presented irregular fluctuation.
3. as cement mortar injects, annular space head of liquid gradually increases, and well head pressure declines；When flushing liquor enters drop ply
Afterwards, as shown in Fig. 2 due to the differences in rheology between flushing liquor and drilling fluid substantially, flushing liquor is hindered along drop ply pore media
The less path fingering of power (as shown in Fig. 2-(b)), the increase of well head pressure fall off rate；
4., after cement mortar reaches drop ply position, well head pressure still has certain decline；As cement paste rheological is worse than brill
Well liquid, the fingering in drop ply pore media fade away, uniform to advance, and shown in such as Fig. 2-(c), well head pressure gradually rises.
In sum, well head pressure minimum can be entered the mark of drop ply as cement mortar, or according to well head pressure most
Whether the corresponding cement mortar injection rate of little value used as returning the basis for estimation that is extruded onto specified drop ply.If well head pressure is not entered in cement mortar
It is preferably minimized before entering specified drop ply and is worth and starts increase, cement mortar should now reduces returning crowded row then possibly into top drop ply
Amount reduces top drop ply stretching degree, promotes cement mortar to continue traveling downwardly.
Embodiment 1
Well positive injection is lost using above-mentioned low pressure and easy leaking, and anti-crowded cementing method is cemented the well to JP-302 wells.JP-302 wells are normal
There is leakage during well cementation, cement mortar returns high deficiency, counter to be squeezed.
There is leakage during JP-302 well protective casing setting of casings, drilling fluid sets up normal circulation before cementing the well Jing after leak stopping.Press
Cementing design and construction are carried out according to the sealing of full well section, leakage occurs during for slurry process, according to pressure before wastage and bruising,
Calculate that cement returns high 1500m；After waiting solidifying 12h, flushing liquor 10m is injected3, " returning crowded " cement mortar 30m3.As shown in figure 3, acoustic amplitude logging
Show that annular space is not connected well section only 70m, below 1500m cementing quality high-quality, well head to well depth 800m " return crowded " well section high-quality, its
In addition to 70m empty set pipes, low-density interval isolation quality reaches well remaining well section.
Embodiment 2
Well positive injection is lost using above-mentioned low pressure and easy leaking, and anti-crowded cementing method is cemented the well to JP-329 wells.JP-329 wells are cemented the well
Front drilling fluid cannot set up normal circulation, be designed with " returning crowded " using " positive injection ".
After the complete sleeve pipe in JP-329 down-holes, as severe leakage can not set up circulation, in well, thick slurry cannot recycle well, the well
Constructed using " positive injection back squeeze "." positive injection " sealing is not added to drop ply bottom, cement mortar；After positive injection 12h, crowded flushing is returned successively
Liquid, isolation slurry and low-density cement mortar.Shown according to well head pressure, after returning crowded part of cement slurry, pressure be slowly dropped to it is minimum after
Significantly rise, squeeze cementing is returned into top leak source.To avoid top drop ply leakage from being worse off, and under promoting cement mortar to continue
OK, reduce returning crowded discharge capacity additional 15% volume to design flow.
Later stage also indicates that 2 points of leak sources of presence by acoustic amplitude logging curve.As shown in figure 4, top leak source is cemented the well with up to well head
Quality high-quality；Between two leak sources there is certain slurry due to injection speed reduction in well section, and it is qualified that cementing quality reaches, part
Well section reaches well；" positive injection " bottom well section cementing quality high-quality.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of low pressure and easy leaking loses the cementing method that well positive injection is instead squeezed, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
1) setting of casing：Drilling fluid stages cycle is carried out during setting of casing；
2) sleeve pipe enters well to designing after well depth, top is carried out to drilling fluid in well logical；
Normal circulation can be set up after leading to such as drilling fluid top, speed is returned with ring control and is not less than 1.2m/s, fixed displacement is circulated at least two weeks
Phase；
As in well, drilling fluid cannot set up circulation, positive injection drilling fluid controls slip casting discharge capacity, by sleeve pipe and the following annular space of leak source
Closing slurry is pushed to stratum；Annular space drilling fluid more than leak source is pushed to stratum from annular space, to destroy drilling fluid knot in annular space
Structure power, it is ensured that annular space is unobstructed；
3) positive injection：Positive cement injection sealing returns height to the cement ensured by drop ply bottom position or stratum pressure-bearing；
4) it is anti-to squeeze：Examination is carried out with the discharge capacity for being not higher than 300L/min to squeeze, drop ply is squeezed logical, and record examination squeezing well head pressure；
Such as try to squeeze well head pressure more than PClose, then stop construction；
Such as try to squeeze well head pressure less than PClose, anti-crowded construction is carried out with slurry rod structure according to anti-squeeze cementing amount is designed；
PClose=min { the maximum closing well rated pressure allowed by ground preventer, formation fracture pressure at the casing shoe of upper strata }.
2. low pressure and easy leaking according to claim 1 loses the cementing method that well positive injection is instead squeezed, it is characterised in that：Step 1) in,
The stages cycle is referred to：Weak formation above well section is circulated per 500m；Into before weak formation, weak formation above well section well
Interior drilling fluid is all replaced；Into after weak formation, per the circulation of 200m well sections.
3. low pressure and easy leaking according to claim 1 loses the cementing method that well positive injection is instead squeezed, it is characterised in that：Step 2) in,
If circulation cannot be set up in well, control, is bored when the closing slurry in sleeve pipe and the following annular space of leak source is pushed to stratum for slurry discharge capacity
Well liquid consumption is 1.5～2 times of this section of volume.
4. low pressure and easy leaking according to claim 1 loses the cementing method that well positive injection is instead squeezed, it is characterised in that：Positive injection is constructed
Before, it is initially injected glue or newly with drilling fluid, is then implanted sequentially flushing liquor, cement mortar, under the premise of wellbore stability, improves punching
Washing lotion segment length.
5. the low pressure and easy leaking according to claim 1 or 4 loses the cementing method that well positive injection is instead squeezed, it is characterised in that：As cemented the well
The equal normal circulation of front drilling fluid, then lose the Formation bearing pressure of layer as foundation with low pressure and easy leaking, the cement mortar sealing segment length L of positive injection
Determined according to vertical depth h on well depth track：
In formula (1), PHoldThe Formation bearing pressure of layer is lost for low pressure and easy leaking, has PHold=ρHoldgHL, wherein ρHoldWork as Formation bearing pressure
Metric density；PfFor this layer of position above annular space well section circulation frictional resistance；HLFor this layer of position place well vertical depth；ρmFor the drilling well in annular space
Liquid-tight degree；ρcFor the equal yield density of this layer of position above cement mortar.
6. low pressure and easy leaking according to claim 5 loses the cementing method that well positive injection is instead squeezed, it is characterised in that：Such as in setting of casing
Or there is leakage, step 3 during circulation of drilling fluid) in positive injection cement mortar sealing to drop ply bottom, do not add, retain anti-
Crowded passage；
As Jing after leak stopping cement the well before drilling well liquid energy set up normal circulation, then by one design procedure of scheme 3) in positive injection cement mortar envelope
Gu segment length；
Scheme one：Cement mortar sealing segment length by easy lost-circulation zone above segment length L and easy lost-circulation zone to constitute down to bottom hole spacing, cement
Slurry amount adds 10%～15% volume.
7. low pressure and easy leaking according to claim 6 loses the cementing method that well positive injection is instead squeezed, it is characterised in that：
As drafted the cement mortar institute sealing that anti-crowded layer position is designed by scheme one, then the cement mortar interval isolation of positive injection is a length of drafts anti-squeezing
The annular space segment length of layer position to shaft bottom；
As drafted the cement mortar institute sealing that anti-crowded layer position is not designed by scheme one, then it is designed by scheme one.
8. low pressure and easy leaking according to claim 1 loses the cementing method that well positive injection is instead squeezed, it is characterised in that：It is anti-to squeeze and positive injection
Time interval not less than cement mortar at the top of positive injection final setting time.
9. low pressure and easy leaking according to claim 1 loses the cementing method that well positive injection is instead squeezed, it is characterised in that：Step 4) in,
Anti- squeeze cementing amount is designed according to the bruising pressure and wastage of positive injection, while additional 10%～15% volume.
10. the low pressure and easy leaking according to claim 1 or 9 loses the cementing method that well positive injection is instead squeezed, it is characterised in that：Step 4)
In, examination squeeze by drop ply squeeze it is logical after, improve injection flushing liquor consumption, for destroying in well drilling fluid structural capacity and washing away the borehole wall, set
Mud cake on tube wall；Segment length insulating liquid not less than 200m is squeezed afterwards instead.
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