CN106552998B - The method of estimation of laser index carving technological parameter and laser index carving method - Google Patents
The method of estimation of laser index carving technological parameter and laser index carving method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to laser index carving field more particularly to a kind of methods of estimation for identifying required laser index carving technological parameter in aluminium ingot surface marking aluminium ingot using laser.To improve marking effect and marking efficiency, the present invention proposes a kind of method of estimation of laser index carving technological parameter：It the horizontal orthogonal test of multiple factors such as carries out on marking aluminium ingot is treated and records multigroup test data；Establish the computation model equation of the gray value of image G of marking image：bi(i=0,1,2,3), b4、b5、......、b9、b10For fitting coefficient；According to etc. the test data fitting of horizontal orthogonal test of multiple factors obtain the value of fitting coefficient；Laser index carving technological parameter is obtained according to the estimations of object function G ＜ 150.Can laser index carving technological parameter be estimated according to the gray value of image that marking needs using the method for estimation of the laser index carving technological parameter and can be directly used for laser index carving, improve the automatic identification rate of laser index carving effect, efficiency and marking image.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser index carving field more particularly to a kind of utilization laser needed for aluminium ingot surface marking aluminium ingot mark
Laser index carving technological parameter method of estimation and the method that is identified in aluminium ingot surface marking aluminium ingot using laser.
Background technology
Before aluminium ingot completes manufacture, aluminium ingot need to be marked to identify on aluminium ingot, aluminium ingot mark generally use word, item
The form of shape code and/or Quick Response Code record the production unit of aluminium ingot, the date of manufacture, chemical examination information, hearth number, grade information and
The relevant informations such as weight information.
At present, aluminium ingot mark is typically to be pasted onto on aluminium ingot either to utilize by the paper labels for being printed with aluminium ingot mark to spray
Aluminium ingot is identified marking on aluminium ingot surface by black marking, pneumatic marking or laser index carving method.Wherein, aluminium ingot mark will be printed with
Paper labels be pasted onto on aluminium ingot, it is time-consuming and laborious, it is of high cost, and paper labels transport in aluminium ingot, is easily damaged in storing process,
Influence identification.The automatic identification of aluminium ingot mark that ink-jet marking and pneumatic marking obtain is poor, and identification is inconvenient.Using laser index carving
Method need to need to carry out laser index carving technological parameter selection adjusting according to marking when marking aluminium ingot in aluminium ingot surface identifies, but
It is due to aluminium ingot surface irregularity, marking background image is complicated, causes the selection of laser index carving technological parameter difficult, marking effect
Difference, marking efficiency is low, so cause marking aluminium ingot identify especially aluminium ingot mark in one-dimension code and Quick Response Code it is automatic
Discrimination is low.
Invention content
To improve marking effect and marking efficiency, the present invention proposes a kind of method of estimation of laser index carving technological parameter,
The method of estimation includes the following steps：
Step 1：It the horizontal orthogonal test of multiple factors such as carries out on marking aluminium ingot is treated, during experiment, adjusts laser index carving
Technological parameter records multigroup test data to obtain the gray value of image of different marking images, which includes swashing
Cursor carving technology parameter is focused between lasing beam diameter d, laser machine Q frequencies f, laser scanning speed v, laser power p and filling line
The gray value of image of value and corresponding marking image away from s；
Step 2：Establish the computation model equation of the gray value of image of marking image：
Wherein,
G represents the gray value of image of marking image,
bi(i=0,1,2,3), b4、b5、......、b9、b10For fitting coefficient；
Step 3：In the step 1 etc. the test data fitting of horizontal orthogonal test of multiple factors obtain described image
The value of fitting coefficient in the computation model equation of gray value；
Step 4：Laser index carving technological parameter laser facula overlapping frequency n is obtained according to the estimations of object function G ＜ 150, is gathered
Burnt lasing beam diameter d, laser machine Q frequencies f, laser scanning speed v, laser single-pulse energy e and laser power p value.
Can laser be estimated according to the gray value of image that marking needs using the method for estimation of the laser index carving technological parameter
Marking technological parameter, and marked using the marking gradation of image measured value that the laser index carving technological parameter marking that estimation obtains obtains
Carve gradation of image actual value and the marking gradation of image estimated value estimated using the laser index carving technological parameter for estimating to obtain
Between the goodness of fit it is higher.It is obtained that is, directly carrying out laser index carving using the laser index carving technological parameter that estimation obtains
Marking image gray value with it is expected that the obtained gray value of image of marking image is closer to, therefore, that estimates swashs
Cursor carving technology parameter can be directly used for laser index carving, improve laser index carving effect and marking efficiency.In addition, utilizing mesh
When scalar functions estimate laser index carving technological parameter, it can be needed to set the specific value of object function G according to automatic identification,
So as to improve the automatic identification rate of marking image.
Preferably, in the step 3, the computation model of described image gray value is obtained using immune clone algorithm fitting
The value of fitting coefficient in equation.Further, when being fitted, the affinity optimization object function that uses for
Wherein,
N is the group number that the collected test data when horizontal orthogonal test of multiple factors is carried out in the step 1,
GmjThe gradation of image estimated value of marking image that jth group is tested in being calculated for an affinity,
GcjThe gradation of image measured value of marking image that jth group is tested in being calculated for an affinity.
In this way, can further improve the accuracy of fitting speed and fitting coefficient, and then laser index carving technique ginseng can be improved
Several estimated accuracies.
The present invention also proposes a kind of laser index carving method, which includes the following steps：
S1, using on the surface for the aluminium ingot for treating marking ablation go out light marking background area, and the light color marking background area
Gray value variances sigma2≤ 50, gradation of image mean value M >=150；
S2, it is estimated using the method for estimation of the laser index carving technological parameter described in any one in claim 1-3
The laser index carving technological parameter of the light color marking background area marking aluminium ingot mark；
S3, the laser index carving technological parameter estimated in the step S2 marking in the light marking background area is utilized
The aluminium ingot mark.
Preferably, in the step S1, in laser ablation process parameter the value range of filling line distance s in 0.01-
The value range of 0.2mm, laser scanning speed v are 500-1000mm/s, and the value range of laser power p is 10-20W, laser
The value range of machine Q frequencies f is 50-100kHz.
Preferably, in the step S3, when aluminium ingot described in marking identifies in the light marking background area, laser mark
The value range of filling line distance s is 0.01-0.1mm in carving technology parameter, and the value range of laser scanning speed v is 100-
The value range of 200mm/s, laser power p are 12-20W, and the value range of laser machine Q frequencies f is 20-28kHz.
Using the laser index carving method, marking aluminium ingot identifies on aluminium ingot surface, the laser index carving directly obtained using estimation
Technological parameter marking aluminium ingot in light marking background area identifies, and without being adjusted repeatedly to laser index carving technological parameter,
Improve the marking efficiency of aluminium ingot mark；It is needed to set the object function for estimating laser index carving technological parameter according to automatic identification,
So as to improve the automatic identification rate of aluminium ingot mark that marking obtains.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is overlapped frequency n, laser single-pulse energy e and filling line distance s to laser index carving effect for verification laser facula
Influence carry out the laser index carving image tested of laser index carving；
Fig. 2 is to be overlapped frequency n using laser facula to test obtained marking image as changing factor progress single factor test variation
The change curve of gray value of image；
Fig. 3 is that the figure of marking image that single factor test variation experiment obtains is carried out by changing factor of laser single-pulse energy e
As the change curve of gray value；
Fig. 4 is that the image of the marking image ash that single factor test variation experiment obtains is carried out by changing factor of filling line distance s
The change curve of angle value；
Fig. 5 such as is at the obtained marking design sketch of horizontal orthogonal test of multiple factors；
Fig. 6 is the marking design sketch that verification test obtains；
Fig. 7 is the comparing result of marking gradation of image measured value that marking gradation of image estimated value is obtained with verification test.
Specific embodiment
Method of estimation to laser index carving technological parameter of the present invention and utilization method of estimation estimation below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
The laser index carving technological parameter obtained is described in detail in the laser index carving method that marking aluminium ingot in aluminium ingot surface identifies.
According to laser ablation principle it is found that laser index carving surface obtain energy depend on laser facula overlapping frequency n and
Laser single-pulse energy e.Wherein, laser facula overlapping frequency n refers to during laser index carving laser pulse hot spot along straight line
The maximum of interior zone in the moving process of direction adds up ablation number, and laser scanning speed v is slow, Q frequency f high when, swash
Light hot spot overlapping frequency n is high, on the contrary then anti-, and is represented byLaser single-pulse energy e refers to each laser pulse institute
Comprising energy, and be positively correlated with laser power P, be negatively correlated, and be represented by with Q frequencies fThus inference can
Know, when carrying out laser index carving, when laser facula overlapping frequency n is identical with laser single-pulse energy e, laser index carving is to material
Energy input is identical, and the effect of marking image that marking obtains is identical, i.e. the gray value of marking image is identical.To verify above-mentioned push away
Accurately whether by, inventor uses aluminium of the pulse optical fiber in the material chemical composition trade mark as shown in Table 1 for Al99.7
The enterprising rower in block surface carves verification test, wherein, the focusing lasing beam diameter of pulse optical fiber is d0, other marking techniques
Parameter is as shown in table 2.
1 Al99.7 material chemical compositions (mass fraction) of table
| Al | Fe | Si | Cu | Ca | Mg | Zn |
| 99.75% | 0.17% | 0.05% | 0% | 0.02% | 0% | 0.01% |
2 laser index carving technological parameter of table
Wherein, s is filling line spacing, represents laser in ablated surface figure, the spacing between scan line.Utilize table 2
Shown laser index carving technological parameter carries out laser index carving image such as Fig. 1 that marking obtains on the aluminium block surface that the trade mark is Al99.7
It is shown.Corresponding table 2 it is found that in Fig. 1 per a line in four groups of marking verification tests laser index carving technological parameter possess it is identical
Laser facula overlapping frequency n, laser single-pulse energy e and filling line distance s；Marking verification test in 2nd row and the 3rd row
Laser index carving technological parameter possesses identical laser facula overlapping frequency n and laser single-pulse energy e, different filling lines
Distance s；4th row and the laser index carving technological parameter of the marking verification test in the 5th row possess identical laser facula overlapping
Frequency n and laser single-pulse energy e, different filling line distance s；The laser of 2nd row and the marking verification test in the 4th row
Marking technological parameter possesses identical filling line distance s, different laser faculas overlapping frequency n and laser single-pulse energy e；The
3 rows and the laser index carving technological parameter of the marking verification test in the 5th row possess identical filling line distance s, and different swashs
Light hot spot is overlapped frequency n and laser single-pulse energy e.It can be seen that except laser facula overlapping frequency n and laser single-pulse energy
Outside e, the value of filling line distance s can also have an impact the gray value of image of laser index carving image that marking obtains.
In order to which Study of Laser hot spot overlapping frequency n, laser single-pulse energy e, filling line distance s obtain laser index carving respectively
To the influence of the gray value of image of laser index carving image, inventor is 150mm in polylith specification using pulse optical fiber
× 150mm × 10mm and the trade mark are single factor test variation laser index carving experiment to be carried out on the aluminium block surface of Al99.7, and test and use
The focusing lasing beam diameter of pulse optical fiber is 0.05mm, focal length 20cm, peak power output 20W, wavelength are
1064nm, pulse width 100nm.
First, three groups of single factor tests are carried out as changing factor using laser facula overlapping frequency n and changes laser index carving experiment, and should
The value of laser single-pulse energy e is followed successively by 0.5mJ, 0.7mJ and 0.9mJ in three groups of single factor test variation laser index carving experiments, fills out
The value for filling line distance s is 0.1mm, the square-shaped patterns that experiment marking specification is 8mm × 8mm, and selection can be avoided because of light
The gray value of image of marking image is obtained according to the scanner for influencing gray value, and three groups of single factor test variation laser index carvings are tested to obtain
Three gray value of images change curve it is as shown in Figure 2.As shown in Figure 2, in three gray value of image change curve start bits
Place is put, gradation of image Distribution value differs, but as the value of laser facula overlapping frequency n increases, three gray value of image variations are bent
For line in entire lowering trend, and laser single-pulse energy e is bigger, decrease speed is faster, when laser facula is overlapped frequency n 5
When between secondary to 15 times, marking image gets minimum gray value of image；Reach certain number in laser facula overlapping frequency n
Afterwards, the gray value of image of marking image is gradually increasing, and is reached unanimity；After laser facula overlapping frequency n is more than 15 times, marking
The gray value of image variation of image is slow, and reaches unanimity.
Secondly, four groups of single factor test variation experiments, and four groups of single factor tests are carried out by changing factor of laser single-pulse energy e
The value of laser facula overlapping frequency n is followed successively by 2,6,10 and 15 in variation laser index carving experiment, and the value of filling line distance s is equal
For 0.1mm, the square-shaped patterns that experiment marking specification is 8mm × 8mm, and selection can be avoided because of the scanning of illumination effect gray value
Instrument obtains the gray value of image of marking image, and four groups of single factor tests change four gray value of images that laser index carvings are tested
Change curve is as shown in Figure 3.From the figure 3, it may be seen that the image of the marking image ash that four groups of single factor test variation laser index carvings are tested
Angle value is on a declining curve with the increase of laser single-pulse energy e, and under different laser facula overlapping frequency ns, image
Gray value decrease speed is different, and when laser facula overlapping number is 2, gray value of image decrease speed is slower, with laser light
Spot overlapping frequency n increase, gray value of image decrease speed becomes faster, when such as laser facula overlapping number being 10 and 6；Work as laser facula
It is overlapped after frequency n reaches certain number, gray value of image tends to certain value, when such as laser facula overlapping number being 15.In addition, work as
When laser single-pulse energy e is less than 0.3, since energy is too small, laser index carving trace unobvious, fogging image.
Finally, four groups of single factor test variation experiments, and four groups of single factor test variations are carried out by changing factor of filling line distance s
The value of laser facula overlapping frequency n is followed successively by 4,20,3 and 10 in laser index carving experiment, the value of laser single-pulse energy e
0.3mJ, 0.3mJ, 0.6mJ and 0.6mJ, the square-shaped patterns that experiment marking specification is 8mm × 8mm are followed successively by, and selects and can keep away
Exempt to obtain the gray value of image of marking image, and four groups of single factor test variation laser index carving examinations because of the scanner of illumination effect gray value
The change curve of four gray value of images tested is as shown in Figure 4.As shown in Figure 4, four groups of single factor test variation laser index carving examinations
The gray value of image of marking image tested is gradually increased as filling line distance s increase, when filling line distance s exist
When changing between 0.01mm to 0.03mm, gray value of image increases apparent；After filling line distance s are more than 0.03mm, image ash
Angle value amplification is smaller to tend to be steady；When filling line distance s are more than 0.1mm, laser and the heat of aluminium block surface interaction generation
Amount can not influence the aluminium block surface between filling line, and the gray value on aluminium block surface hardly changes, can not obtain clearly
Marking image.In addition, since filling line distance s are smaller, laser index carving efficiency is lower, therefore, when carrying out laser index carving, filling line
The value of distance s is generally higher than 0.5mm.
Analysis of experiments is changed by above-mentioned three kinds of single factor tests, can show that using pulse optical fiber be Al99.7 in the trade mark
Laser facula overlapping frequency n of aluminium block surface when carrying out laser index carving, laser single-pulse energy e and filling line distance s
Value range.But different value is chosen respectively when laser facula is overlapped frequency n, laser single-pulse energy e and filling line distance s
When, the gray value of image that pulse optical fiber carries out the marking image that laser index carving obtains on aluminium block surface is different, i.e. marking
The color depth of image is different, when the gray value of image of marking image is closer to the gray value of marking background area, easily leads
Causing the automatic identification rate of bar code and/or Quick Response Code in marking image especially marking image reduces.
To improve the automatic identification of marking image that laser index carving obtains on aluminium ingot surface using pulse optical fiber
Rate, inventor establish the computation model equation of the gray value of image of marking image according to above-mentioned result of the test, so as to according to the mark
Needle drawing as gray value of image computation model can show that pulse optical fiber carries out laser index carving on aluminium ingot surface needed for
Laser index carving technological parameter laser machine Q frequencies f, laser scanning speed v and laser power p value.
First, according to fig. 2 shown in laser facula overlapping frequency n and the gray value of image of marking image between it is corresponding
Relationship, the gray value of image G of marking image that only stimulated light hot spot overlapping frequency n is influenced1Computation model equation model be：
G1=a0+a1n+a2n2+a3n3 (1)
I.e.
Wherein, aiFor fitting coefficient, i=0,1,2,3.
Secondly, according to fig. 3 shown in laser single-pulse energy e and the gray value of image of marking image between it is corresponding close
System, by the gray value of image G' of the only stimulated light single pulse energy e marking images influenced2Computation model equation model be：
Wherein, a41And a5For fitting coefficient.
Then, according to the correspondence between the filling line distance s shown in Fig. 4 and the gray value of image of marking image,
To the gray value of image G' for the marking image that will be only influenced by filling line distance s3Computation model equation model be：
Wherein, a42And a8For fitting coefficient.
To G1、G'2And G'3Computation model equation when being fitted, preferably be fitted to obtain using immune clone algorithm
The value of fitting coefficient.To improve the goodness of fit of immune clone algorithm, by G'2And G'3It is deformed into G2And G3, wherein,
Because work as a6=a9=0, a7=a10When=1, G'2=G2, G'3=G3, so, it is asked using immune clone algorithm
G'2、G'3、G2And G3Optimal solution when, G'2Optimal value is included in G2In, G'3Optimal value be included in G3In, therefore marking figure can be obtained
The computation model equation of the gray value of image G of picture：
G=G1×G2×G3 (7)
Wherein, a4=a41+a42
That is,
Since the focusing lasing beam diameter d of pulse optical fiber is nonadjustable technological parameter, and Therefore
Wherein,
bi=aidi, i=0,1,2,3,
b4=a4、b5=a5、b6=a6、b7=a7、b8=a8、b9=a9、b10=a10。
Frequency n, laser single-pulse energy e and filling line distance s are overlapped according to the laser facula that single factor experiment obtains
Value range is overlapped frequency n and the physical meaning of laser single-pulse energy e with reference to laser facula, sets pulse optical fiber
Adjustable laser marking technological parameter and it is horizontal as shown in table 3.
3 adjustable laser marking technological parameter of table and level
According to table 3 design etc. horizontal orthogonal test of multiple factors, obtain 25 groups of laser index carving technological parameters altogether, using this 25
Group laser index carving technological parameter carries out 25 marking images that marking obtains as shown in figure 5, and using can avoid because of illumination effect
The scanner of gray value obtains the gradation of image measured value of marking image, and laser index carving technological parameter and its corresponding marking figure
The gradation of image measured value of picture is as shown in table 4.
The test data of the horizontal orthogonal test of multiple factors such as table 4
| Group number | s(mm) | v(mm/s) | P(w) | f(kHz) | e(mJ) | n | Gradation of image measured value |
| 1 | 0.06 | 100 | 10 | 20 | 0.5 | 10 | 128 |
| 2 | 0.07 | 200 | 12 | 22 | 0.55 | 5.5 | 154 |
| 3 | 0.08 | 300 | 14 | 24 | 0.58 | 4 | 169 |
| 4 | 0.09 | 400 | 16 | 26 | 0.62 | 3.25 | 172 |
| 5 | 0.10 | 500 | 18 | 28 | 0.64 | 2.8 | 176 |
| 6 | 0.07 | 300 | 16 | 28 | 0.571 | 4.67 | 162 |
| 7 | 0.08 | 400 | 18 | 20 | 0.9 | 2.5 | 170 |
| 8 | 0.09 | 500 | 10 | 22 | 0.45 | 2.2 | 198 |
| 9 | 0.10 | 100 | 12 | 24 | 0.5 | 12 | 145 |
| 10 | 0.06 | 200 | 14 | 26 | 0.54 | 6.5 | 143 |
| 11 | 0.08 | 500 | 12 | 26 | 0.46 | 2.6 | 196 |
| 12 | 0.09 | 100 | 14 | 28 | 0.5 | 14 | 142 |
| 13 | 0.10 | 200 | 16 | 20 | 0.8 | 5 | 148 |
| 14 | 0.06 | 300 | 18 | 22 | 0.82 | 3.67 | 150 |
| 15 | 0.07 | 400 | 10 | 24 | 0.42 | 3 | 201 |
| 16 | 0.09 | 200 | 18 | 24 | 0.75 | 6 | 139 |
| 17 | 0.10 | 300 | 10 | 26 | 0.38 | 4.33 | 186 |
| 18 | 0.06 | 400 | 12 | 28 | 0.43 | 3.5 | 186 |
| 19 | 0.07 | 500 | 14 | 20 | 0.7 | 2 | 184 |
| 20 | 0.08 | 100 | 16 | 22 | 0.73 | 11 | 134 |
| 21 | 0.10 | 400 | 14 | 22 | 0.67 | 2.75 | 174 |
| 22 | 0.06 | 500 | 16 | 24 | 0.67 | 2.4 | 169 |
| 23 | 0.07 | 100 | 18 | 26 | 0.69 | 13 | 137 |
| 24 | 0.08 | 200 | 10 | 28 | 0.36 | 7 | 170 |
| 25 | 0.09 | 300 | 12 | 20 | 0.6 | 3.33 | 168 |
According to the test data of the horizontal orthogonal test of multiple factors such as above-mentioned it is found that laser index carving technological parameter and marking image
Gray value of image between without apparent regularity, marking image in the gray value of image neighborhood of marking image is corresponding to swash
Cursor carving technology parameter is not simply distributed in the corresponding laser index carving technological parameter of gray value of image of the marking image
In neighborhood, and the neighborhood union of the corresponding laser index carving technological parameter of gray value of image for being distributed across several marking images it
In, such as the 1st group, the 12nd group, the 16th group, the 20th group and the 23rd group experiment, the laser index carving technological parameter of experiment is in work(
Rate P is 10~18W, and Q frequencies f is 20~28kHz, and filling line distance s are 0.06~0.09mm, sweep speed v for 100~
The laser index carving technological parameter for the different values chosen in 200mm/s value ranges is combined, and value is calculated not
Same laser single-pulse energy e and laser facula overlapping frequency n, and after the laser index carving combination of process parameters of these different values
Go out marking image similar in gray value of image in the marking of aluminium block surface.But it is not arbitrarily chosen within more than value range
Laser index carving combination of process parameters after can marking go out marking image similar in gray value of image, and different laser index carvings
Combination of process parameters is possible to marking and goes out the marking image that gray value of image differs greatly.According to above analysis it is found that the levels of grade
Orthogonal test of multiple factors embody different laser index carving combination of process parameters and marking obtain marking image gray value of image it
Between correspondence：Multigroup different laser index carving technological parameter be combined can marking go out marking figure similar in gray value of image
Picture；After different laser index carving combination of process parameters can marking go out the marking image that gray value of image differs greatly.Therefore, above-mentioned institute
Choosing etc. horizontal orthogonal test of multiple factors data it is representative strong, the reasonable data that can be used as is to the gray value of image of marking image
Fitting coefficient in the computation model equation of G is fitted.
In table 4 etc. horizontal orthogonal test of multiple factors data fittings show that the gray value of image G of marking image is returned
Fitting coefficient b in channel tropism computation model equationi(i=0,1,2,3), b4、b5、b6、b7、b8、b9And b10, and in fit procedure
In, fit object be make error between the gradation of image measured value of marking image and gradation of image predicted value and value it is minimum.
To improve fitting speed and fitting accuracy, it is preferred to use immune clone algorithm is fitted as fitting algorithm.
In fit procedure, the affinity optimization object function that uses for：
Wherein,
The group number of collected test data when N is horizontal orthogonal test of multiple factors, in table 4, N=25,
GmjThe gradation of image estimated value of marking image that jth group is tested in being calculated for an affinity,
GcjThe gradation of image measured value of marking image that jth group is tested in being calculated for an affinity.
Using in table 4 etc. the test data fitting of horizontal orthogonal test of multiple factors obtain the gray value of image of marking image
Fitting coefficient b in the computation model equation of G0、b1、b2、b3、b4、b5、b6、b7、b8、b9And b10Afterwards, the marking image obtained
The computation model equation of gray value of image G is：
To avoid the fitting coefficient that fitting obtains insincere, coefficients R is determined below with referendum2It weighs with variance analysis F values
The computation model equation of the gray value of image G of marking image is measured to the goodness of fit of measured data collection and computation model equation
Confidence level is as a result as follows：
Wherein,
Residuals sum of squares (RSS) of the rss between the gradation of image measured value of marking image and gradation of image estimated value,
Square sum of total departure of the tss between the gradation of image measured value of marking image and gradation of image estimated value；
Wherein,
Ess is regression sum of square,
H is the degree of freedom of regression sum of square,
W-h-1 is the degree of freedom of residual sum of squares (RSS).
According to the above results it is found that due to R2=0.97, close to 1, the goodness of fit is preferable；F tables are looked into it is found that F=51.45》
F0.05 (10,15)=2.54, the confidence level of the computation model equation of the gray value of image G of marking image are higher.
To deepen the color depth of marking image, the automatic identification rate of marking image is improved, inventor sets laser index carving
Marking image gray value of image G ＜ 150.That is, in the computation model side of the gray value of image G using marking image
Journey estimation show that object function during laser index carving technological parameter is G ＜ 150.Certainly, during practical marking, user Ke Gen
The occurrence of selection object function G is needed according to automatic identification.
Validity for the method for estimation for verifying laser index carving technological parameter of the present invention, utilizes 25 groups of laser shown in table 5
Marking technological parameter the trade mark be Al99.7 aluminium block surface carry out laser index carving verification test, marking image as shown in fig. 6, and
The gradation of image measured value of marking image obtained using different laser index carving technological parameter markings is as shown in table 5.
The test data of 5 laser index carving verification test of table
Meanwhile it can be calculated successively using 25 groups of laser index carving technological parameters shown in table 5 in board using formula (11)
Number the gradation of image estimated value of the marking image obtained by laser index carving is carried out for the aluminium block surface of Al99.7, and the gradation of image is estimated
The comparing result of the gradation of image measured value for the marking image that evaluation is obtained with laser index carving verification test is as shown in Figure 7.By
Fig. 7 is it is found that the gradation of image of the marking image estimation estimated using the method for estimation of laser index carving technological parameter of the present invention
Value is higher with the goodness of fit of the gradation of image measured value of the marking image obtained by laser index carving verification test.
In the following, treat what marking aluminium ingot on marking aluminium ingot identified to the method for estimation for combining above-mentioned laser index carving technological parameter
Laser index carving method is described in detail, which includes the following steps：
S1, using pulse optical fiber, ablation goes out light marking background area on the surface for the aluminium ingot for treating marking, and should
The gray value variances sigma of light marking background area2≤ 50, gradation of image mean value M >=150.Preferably, on the aluminium ingot surface for treating marking
During upper ablation light color marking background area, the value range of filling line distance s is swashed in 0.01-0.2mm in laser ablation process parameter
The value range of optical scanning speed v is 500-1000mm/s, and the value range of laser power p is 10-20W, laser machine Q frequencies f
Value range be 50-100kHz.
S2, the marking aluminium ingot in light marking background area is estimated using the method for estimation of above-mentioned laser index carving technological parameter
Laser index carving technological parameter needed for mark；
S3, using pulse optical fiber, marking aluminium ingot identifies, and the laser mark of marking in light marking background area
Carving technology parameter is to estimate the laser index carving technological parameter obtained in step S2.Preferably, in light marking background area internal standard
When carving aluminium ingot mark, the value range of filling line distance s is 0.01-0.1mm in laser index carving technological parameter, laser scanning speed
The value range of v is 100-200mm/s, and the value range of laser power p is 12-20W, and the value range of laser machine Q frequencies f is
20-28kHz。
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method of estimation of laser index carving technological parameter, which is characterized in that the method for estimation includes the following steps：
Step 1：It the horizontal orthogonal test of multiple factors such as carries out on marking aluminium ingot is treated, during experiment, adjusts laser index carving technique
Parameter records multigroup test data to obtain the gray value of image of different marking images, which includes laser mark
Carving technology parameter focuses on lasing beam diameter d, laser machine Q frequencies f, laser scanning speed v, laser power p and filling line distance s
The gray value of image of value and corresponding marking image；
Step 2：Establish the computation model equation of the gray value of image of marking image：
Wherein,
G represents the gray value of image of marking image,
bi(i=0,1,2,3), b4、b5、......、b9、b10For fitting coefficient；
Step 3：According to recorded in the step 1 etc. the test data fitting of horizontal orthogonal test of multiple factors obtain described image
The value of fitting coefficient in the computation model equation of gray value；
Step 4：Show that laser index carving technological parameter focuses on lasing beam diameter d, laser machine Q frequency according to the estimations of object function G ＜ 150
The value of rate f, laser scanning speed v and laser power p.
2. the method for estimation of laser index carving technological parameter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 3,
The value of the fitting coefficient in the computation model equation of described image gray value is obtained using immune clone algorithm fitting.
3. the method for estimation of laser index carving technological parameter according to claim 2, which is characterized in that when being fitted, adopt
Affinity optimization object function is
Wherein,
Group numbers of the N to carry out the collected test data when horizontal orthogonal test of multiple factors in the step 1, GmjFor primary parent
The gradation of image estimated value of marking image that jth group is tested in being calculated with degree,
GcjThe gradation of image measured value of marking image that jth group is tested in being calculated for an affinity.
A kind of 4. laser index carving method, which is characterized in that the laser index carving method includes the following steps：
S1, ablation goes out light marking background area, and the gray value of the light color marking background area on the surface for the aluminium ingot for treating marking
Variances sigma2≤ 50, gradation of image mean value M >=150；
S2, it is estimated using the method for estimation of the laser index carving technological parameter described in any one in claim 1-3 described
The laser index carving technological parameter of light marking background area marking aluminium ingot mark；
S3, using the laser index carving technological parameter estimated in the step S2 in the light marking background area described in marking
Aluminium ingot identifies.
5. laser index carving method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in the step S1, laser ablation process
For the value range of filling line distance s in 0.01-0.2mm, the value range of laser scanning speed v is 500-1000mm/ in parameter
The value range of s, laser power p are 10-20W, and the value range of laser machine Q frequencies f is 50-100kHz.
6. laser index carving method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in the step S3, in the light color mark
When carving that aluminium ingot described in marking identifies in background area, the value range of filling line distance s is 0.01- in laser index carving technological parameter
The value range of 0.1mm, laser scanning speed v are 100-200mm/s, and the value range of laser power p is 12-20W, laser machine
The value range of Q frequencies f is 20-28kHz.
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| CN108672941A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-10-19 | 合肥江航飞机装备有限公司 | The method of laser scoring Quick Response Code |
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