CN106547977B - A kind of IFC based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the one-to-one Semantic mapping method of CityGML - Google Patents
A kind of IFC based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the one-to-one Semantic mapping method of CityGML Download PDFInfo
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- CN106547977B CN106547977B CN201610962412.2A CN201610962412A CN106547977B CN 106547977 B CN106547977 B CN 106547977B CN 201610962412 A CN201610962412 A CN 201610962412A CN 106547977 B CN106547977 B CN 106547977B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/13—Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F40/00—Handling natural language data
- G06F40/30—Semantic analysis
Abstract
The invention proposes a kind of IFC based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the one-to-one Semantic mapping method of CityGML.When carrying out IFC and CityGML Semantic mapping, by the characteristic variable of each LOD in the building type variable and CityGML in IFC, a kind of one-to-one Semantic mapping relationship is established using the method for analytic hierarchy process (AHP).Using the building type variable of IFC as the variable of the solution layer of step analysis, using the characteristic variable in CityGML as the variable of destination layer, layer is surveyed according to the target formation standard of Semantic mapping, and assign different weights for each criterion.Finally by the calculation method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the IFC building type variable being most consistent with characteristic variable semanteme in CityGML is acquired.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to computer field more particularly to a kind of IFC based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the one-to-one language of CityGML
Benefit film showing shooting method.
Background technique
In recent years, shared become of information pushes space letter between the formulation and field of the spatial data criterion of different field
The important driving force of breath technology and its application development.Building Information Model (BIM) fine degree is high, including geometry, physics, rule
It etc. space abundant and semantic information, can be used to realize the digital management to engineering Life cycle, in all kinds of buildings
Engineering field is widely applied.Since BIM model data amount is big, visualization pretreatment time is long, is primarily used at present
Design, management application to single projects.Three-dimensional geographic information system (3D GIS) is based on spatial database technology, towards
From microcosmic to the storage of the magnanimity three-dimensional geographic space data of macroscopic view, management and visual analyzing application.It supports empty on a large scale
Between data set, so as to be used to support Cooperative Analysis and sharing application to large-scale engineering.
The integrated one side of BIM and GIS makes existing threedimensional model that very big reuse can be obtained: a large amount of high-precision BIM
Model can be used as an important data source in 3D generalized information system: on the other hand, BIM and the integrated of GIS can deepen more necks
The synergistic application in domain, such as building analysis, urban planning, urban rail transit construction.It can also be achieved from geometry to physics and function be special
Property integrated digitalization expression, the information sharing service of multi-specialized collaboration is transmitted to from the information of each profession dispersion, from each stage
Independent utility to design, construction, operation and maintenance Life cycle sharing application.BIM and GIS is integrated to have become International Academic
The cutting edge technology on boundary and industry.
IFC is that Building SMART is a kind of open data standard that BIM application proposes, to realize information in building
Expression is shared and is applied, and has become for international standard.Current major part BIM software supports the importing of IFC data format to lead
Out.CityGML is that OGC (Open GIS Consortium) proposition is to realize D Urban model information sharing and visualization
International standard, it defines the three-dimensional geometry of city space object, topology, semantic information.
In semantic information, IFC model is described comprising a large amount of building detail, is specifically had a to architectural entity more than 600
Definition and more than 300 definition to building type, while also comprising the semantic connection relationship between various building components.CityGML
In apply the expression that 5 level of detail (LODs) go from the simple to the complex to building, building components and building affiliated facility.
And have multiple characteristic variables in each LOD, show respectively different Architectural elements models.
Since IFC and CityGML have used different object geometric expression mode and semanteme respectively, both at home and abroad about the two
In terms of the research of interoperability mainly has following two: the fusion of basic data model and integrating for available data format.Due to not
To the difference of expression and the understanding of spatial object in same domain, and the standardization of Object Semanteme waits further to study.At present
The fusion of data model is also difficult to realize and obtains the approval of different field, therefore most of related work all concentrates on design two
Conversion method between person's model data format.
So-called analytic hierarchy process (AHP) refers to using a complicated decision-making problem of multi-objective as a system, by goal decomposition
For multiple targets or criterion, and then several levels of multi objective (or criterion, constraint) are decomposed into, pass through qualitative index fuzzy quantization
Method calculates Mode of Level Simple Sequence (flexible strategy) and total sequence, using the systems approach as target (multi objective), multi-scheme Optimal Decision-making.
Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is by general objective, each straton target, interpretational criteria by decision problem until specific standby throwing scheme
Sequential breakdown be different hierarchical structures, then it is handy solve judgment matrix feature vector method, acquire each level
Each element finally passs rank with the method for weighted sum again and returns each alternative pair of solution to the priority weight of upper level element
The final weight of general objective, final weight the maximum are optimal case.Here so-called " priority weight " is a kind of opposite amount
Degree, it shows each alternative in the interpretational criteria of a certain feature or the relative measurement of sub-goal significance level.Analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
It is relatively more suitable for the goal systems for being layered evaluation index of interlocking, and target value is difficult to the decision problem of quantitative description again.
Its usage is Judgement Matricies, finds out its maximum eigenvalue.And its corresponding feature vector, it is as a certain after normalization
Relative importance weight of the level index for upper level index of correlation.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed at least solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, especially innovatively propose a kind of based on layer
The one-to-one Semantic mapping method of the IFC and CityGML of fractional analysis.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention provides a kind of IFC and CityGML based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
One-to-one Semantic mapping method, comprising:
S1 establishes between the variable of mapping relations as needed and contacts, establishes hierarchy Model；
S2 according to hierarchy Model Judgement Matricies, and solves its feature vector and maximum eigenvalue；
S3, calculates most homogeneous, and whether the foundation of judgment matrix is reasonable；
S4 establishes the one-to-one Semantic mapping relationship of the buildings model variable in IFC and the characteristic variable in CityGML.
The IFC and the one-to-one Semantic mapping method of CityGML based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP), it is preferred that the S1 packet
It includes:
S1-1 chooses variable Z of the characteristic variable in the CityGML for needing to carry out Semantic mapping as destination layer；
S1-2 selects the building type of 5 IFCs identical with the characteristic variable building function in selected CityGML to become
Measure the solution layer (P as hierarchy Model1,...,P5)；
S1-3, according to the principle of the Semantic mapping of IFC and CityGML, design standard layer is made of five criterion, is respectively
C1: " Architectural elements matching degree ", C2: " geological information matching degree ", C3: " outline matching degree ", C4: " material matching degree " and C5: " line
Manage matching degree ".
The IFC and the one-to-one Semantic mapping method of CityGML based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP), it is preferred that the S2 packet
It includes:
S2-1 enables C1,1=1, every criterion is compared two-by-two according to the setting of user, with C1,1For reference value, it is
C1,2,C1,3,C1,4,C1,5Assignment；Enable C2,2=1, every criterion is compared two-by-two according to the setting of user, with C2,2For reference
Value is C2,3,C2,4,C2,5Assignment；Enable C3,3=1, every criterion is compared two-by-two according to the setting of user, with C3,3For ginseng
Value is examined, is C3,4,C3,5Assignment；Enable C4,4=1, every criterion is compared two-by-two according to the setting of user, with C4,4For reference
Value is C4,5Assignment；Enable C5,5=1, thus, it is possible to Judgement Matricies A is as follows:
S2-2 solves Maximum characteristic root λ by sum-product algorithm；Row normalization is made to each column in A first, i.e.,The matrix by rows after row normalization is summed later to obtain vector w, whereinW work is returned again
One change obtains feature vector w', whereinMaximum characteristic root λ is obtained later,
The IFC and the one-to-one Semantic mapping method of CityGML based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP), it is preferred that the S3 packet
It includes:
It is whether reasonable come the assignment for evaluating judgment matrix A to calculate most homogeneous ratio CR, whereinIf CR
< 0.1 then judgment matrix A inconsistency degree in a certain range, assignment can receive, otherwise need to judgment matrix A weight
New assignment.
The IFC and the one-to-one Semantic mapping method of CityGML based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP), it is preferred that the S4 packet
It includes:
By the maximum element w of numerical value in feature vector w'iCorresponding solution layer element and destination layer element is established a pair of
One Semantic mapping relationship, so that the characteristic variable reached in the buildings model variable and CityGML in IFC realizes one-to-one language
The target that benefit film showing is penetrated.
In conclusion by adopting the above-described technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The invention proposes a kind of IFC based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the one-to-one Semantic mapping method of CityGML.Carry out
When IFC is with CityGML Semantic mapping, the characteristic variable of each LOD in the building type variable and CityGML in IFC utilizes
The method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) establishes a kind of one-to-one Semantic mapping relationship.Using the building type variable of IFC as step analysis
Solution layer variable, using the characteristic variable in CityGML as the variable of destination layer, according to the target formation of Semantic mapping
Standard surveys layer, and assigns different weights for each criterion.Finally by the calculation method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), acquire and CityGML
The IFC building type variable that middle characteristic variable semanteme is most consistent.
Existing most of software for realizing IFC and CityGML Semantic mapping is one generated according to the experience of engineer
Fixed Semantic mapping rule is covered to realize BIM and the integrated of GIS and merge.And there is semantic information mapping in such methods mostly
It is imperfect, the problem of changeable Architectural Design Requirements can not be adapted to.And the method proposed by the present invention using analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
Can effectively according to user to BIM and GIS integration actual demand come the Semantic mapping of flexibly adjustment IFC and CityGML
Mapping rule, to realize that flexible BIM and GIS integration is applied according to the actual demand of user.
Additional aspect and advantage of the invention will be set forth in part in the description, and will partially become from the following description
Obviously, or practice through the invention is recognized.
Detailed description of the invention
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the invention and advantage will become from the description of the embodiment in conjunction with the following figures
Obviously and it is readily appreciated that, in which:
Fig. 1 is hierarchy Model schematic diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail, examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein from beginning to end
Same or similar label indicates same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions.Below with reference to attached
The embodiment of figure description is exemplary, and for explaining only the invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom" "inner", "outside" is based on attached drawing institute
The orientation or positional relationship shown, is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, rather than the dress of indication or suggestion meaning
It sets or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore should not be understood as to limit of the invention
System.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it should be noted that term " installation ", " connected ",
" connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be mechanical connection or electrical connection, the connection being also possible to inside two elements can
, can also indirectly connected through an intermediary, for the ordinary skill in the art to be to be connected directly, it can basis
Concrete condition understands the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of IFC based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the one-to-one Semantic mapping of CityGML
Method, comprising:
S1 establishes between the variable of mapping relations as needed and contacts, establishes hierarchy Model；
S2 according to hierarchy Model Judgement Matricies, and solves its feature vector and maximum eigenvalue；
S3, calculates most homogeneous, and whether the foundation of judgment matrix is reasonable；
S4 establishes the one-to-one Semantic mapping relationship of the buildings model variable in IFC and the characteristic variable in CityGML.
Present invention is generally directed to be IFC and CityGML one-to-one Semantic mapping problem.Carrying out IFC and CityGML
When Semantic mapping, by the characteristic variable of each LOD in the building type variable and CityGML in IFC, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is utilized
Method establishes a kind of one-to-one Semantic mapping relationship.Using the building type variable of IFC as the solution layer of step analysis
Variable surveys layer according to the target formation standard of Semantic mapping, and be using the characteristic variable in CityGML as the variable of destination layer
Each criterion assigns different weights.Finally by the calculation method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), acquire and characteristic variable language in CityGML
The IFC building type variable that justice is most consistent.
Technical solution of the present invention:
Firstly, it is necessary to establish hierarchy Model, as shown in Figure 1.It chooses in the CityGML for needing to carry out Semantic mapping
Variable Z of the characteristic variable as destination layer.Simultaneously it is convenience of calculation, according to user's requirement and practical experience, selects 5 and institute
Characteristic variable degree of correlation in the CityGML of choosing is larger, and the building type variable of the identical IFC of building function is as level
Solution layer (the P of structural model1,...,P5).Simultaneously according to the principle of the Semantic mapping of IFC and CityGML, design standard layer by
Five criterion are constituted, and are C respectively1: " Architectural elements matching degree ", C2: " geological information matching degree ", C3: " outline matching degree ", C4:
" material matching degree " and C5: " Texture Matching degree ".
Start Judgement Matricies A later.Enable C1,1=1, every criterion is carried out two-by-two with experience according to the demand of user
Compare, with C1,1It is C for reference value1,2,...,C1,5Assignment (for example, in the shift scene that user gives, to Texture Matching
It is required that be higher than the matching requirement to Architectural elements, then it can assignment C1,5> 1；On the contrary then assignment C1,5< 1), the tax of remaining ranks
Value rule is identical.It is possible thereby to which Judgement Matricies A is as follows:
After obtaining judgment matrix A, Maximum characteristic root λ is solved by sum-product algorithm.Column normalizing is made to each column in A first
Change, i.e.,The matrix by rows after row normalization is summed later to obtain vector w, whereinAgain by w
Make normalization and obtains feature vector w', whereinMaximum characteristic root λ can be obtained later,
Whether obtain the assignment for needing after Maximum characteristic root to evaluate judgment matrix A by calculating most homogeneous ratio CR
Rationally, whereinIn a certain range, assignment can be with for the inconsistency degree of judgment matrix A if CR < 0.1
Receive, otherwise needs to judgment matrix A again assignment.
It, can be by the maximum element w of numerical value in feature vector w' if its assignment condition can receiveiCorresponding scheme
Layer element and destination layer element, establishes one-to-one Semantic mapping relationship, thus reach buildings model variable in IFC with
Characteristic variable in CityGML realizes the target of one-to-one Semantic mapping.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means specific features, structure, material or spy described in conjunction with this embodiment or example
Point is included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms are not
Centainly refer to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be any
One or more embodiment or examples in can be combined in any suitable manner.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: not
A variety of change, modification, replacement and modification can be carried out to these embodiments in the case where being detached from the principle of the present invention and objective, this
The range of invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of IFC based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the one-to-one Semantic mapping method of CityGML characterized by comprising
S1 establishes between the variable of mapping relations as needed and contacts, establishes hierarchy Model；
S1-1 chooses variable Z of the characteristic variable in the CityGML for needing to carry out Semantic mapping as destination layer；
S1-2 selects the building type variable of 5 IFCs identical with the characteristic variable building function in selected CityGML to make
For the solution layer (P of hierarchy Model1..., P5)；
S1-3, according to the principle of the Semantic mapping of IFC and CityGML, it is C respectively that design standard layer is made of five criterion1:
" Architectural elements matching degree ", C2: " geological information matching degree ", C3: " outline matching degree ", C4: " material matching degree " and C5: " texture
Matching degree "；
S2 according to hierarchy Model Judgement Matricies, and solves its feature vector and maximum eigenvalue；
S3, calculates most homogeneous, and whether the foundation of judgment matrix is reasonable；
S4 establishes the one-to-one Semantic mapping relationship of the buildings model variable in IFC and the characteristic variable in CityGML.
2. the IFC according to claim 1 based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the one-to-one Semantic mapping method of CityGML, special
Sign is that the S2 includes:
S2-1 enables C1,1=1, every criterion is compared two-by-two according to the setting of user, with C1,1It is C for reference value1,2,
C1,3,C1,4,C1,5Assignment；Enable C2,2=1, every criterion is compared two-by-two according to the setting of user, with C2,2For reference value,
For C2,3,C2,4,C2,5Assignment；Enable C3,3=1, every criterion is compared two-by-two according to the setting of user, with C3,3For reference
Value is C3,4,C3,5Assignment；Enable C4,4=1, every criterion is compared two-by-two according to the setting of user, with C4,4For reference value,
For C4,5Assignment；Enable C5,5=1, thus, it is possible to Judgement Matricies A is as follows:
S2-2 solves Maximum characteristic root λ by sum-product algorithm；Row normalization is made to each column in A first, i.e.,The matrix by rows after row normalization is summed later to obtain vector w, whereinAgain
W is made into normalization and obtains feature vector w ', whereinMaximum characteristic root λ is obtained later,
3. the IFC according to claim 2 based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the one-to-one Semantic mapping method of CityGML, special
Sign is that the S3 includes:
It is whether reasonable come the assignment for evaluating judgment matrix A to calculate most homogeneous ratio CR, whereinIf CR < 0.1
Then in a certain range, assignment can receive the inconsistency degree of judgment matrix A, otherwise need to assign judgment matrix A again
Value.
4. the IFC according to claim 2 based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the one-to-one Semantic mapping method of CityGML, special
Sign is that the S4 includes:
By the maximum element w of the middle numerical value of feature vector w 'iCorresponding solution layer element and destination layer element, is established one-to-one
Semantic mapping relationship, so that the buildings model variable reached in IFC realizes that one-to-one semanteme reflects with the characteristic variable in CityGML
The target penetrated.
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| CN108133053A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-06-08 | 华东建筑集团股份有限公司 | A kind of method of CityGML based on RDF frames and IFC class formation Semantic mapping ontologies |
| CN108170855B (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2021-10-15 | 华东建筑集团股份有限公司 | CityGML and IFC data unified query and data extraction method |
| CN112819106B (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-13 | 江西博微新技术有限公司 | IFC component type identification method, device, storage medium and equipment |
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