A method of measuring the water level of the frontal pool with pressure sensor
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods measuring the water level of the frontal pool with pressure sensor.
Background technology
In the operational management in power station, the water level of the frontal pool is a critically important parameter, and especially power station automatically controls
In, the measurement of the water level of the frontal pool is particularly important.The aperture that the hydraulic turbine will be generally controlled according to the height of the water level of the frontal pool, to adjust
The output for saving generating set, makes holding water level in optimum condition, to obtain most generated energy.In existing level measuring
In, forebay being directly installed on using water level sensor mostly and water level being detected, such data are accurate and stablize.
But for high water head and measurement point to the power station of control point long range, especially forebay is super away from workshop
The power station of 200m is crossed, directly there are following problems using water level sensor:1, signal is weak, cannot provide stable signal;
2, outdoor circuit is long, is easy to draw thunder and other reasons damage;3, circuit length, equipment cause cost height more;4, outdoor construction
Difficult in maintenance, outdoor equipment is easy aging reduced service life, high failure rate;
Directly water level control unit output, pressure are carried out as the water level of the frontal pool using the data of pressure sensor before the hydraulic turbine
Data deviate with practical the water level of the frontal pool value and fluctuate larger, thereby result in unit aperture control disorder, or even send out opposite letter
Number, for example:When carrying out water and increasing, the water level of the frontal pool rises, it should the signal for increasing aperture is sent out, caused by aperture increases
Pressure declines, and to cause the signal of opposite reduction aperture, cannot achieve and automatically controls.So directly using pressure sensing
The data of device can not normal use.
Invention content
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of the water level of the frontal pool is measured with pressure sensor
Method can obtain the data of the water level of the frontal pool according to method provided by the invention, to control the aperture and generator of the hydraulic turbine
Output.
Signified the water level of the frontal pool in the present invention is by the difference of the elevation of the central point of forebay water level elevation to pressure sensor
Value indicates.
For the purpose of the present invention, technical solution provided by the invention is:
A method of measuring the water level of the frontal pool with pressure sensor, the water level of the frontal pool value of gained be used for monitoring the water level of the frontal pool and
The aperture etc. of the hydraulic turbine is controlled, measuring system includes being arranged before the hydraulic turbine for measuring the pressure sensor of hydraulic pressure and for surveying
Measure hydraulic turbine aperture displacement sensor and PLC controller, the pressure sensor, displacement sensor signal output end with
The signal input part of the PLC controller connects, and the signal output end of the PLC controller is connected to the control of hydraulic turbine aperture
Mechanism controls the aperture of the hydraulic turbine according to the water level of the frontal pool value measured;
Measurement method includes the following steps:
S1, hydraulic turbine aperture stroke-head compensated curve is made:
(1) hydraulic pressure before the hydraulic turbine is measured by pressure sensor, and the aperture of the hydraulic turbine is measured by displacement sensor, is opened
Degree is incremented by certain proportion by fully closed to standard-sized sheet, records hydraulic turbine aperture-hydraulic pressure-the water level of the frontal pool decreasing value one by one;
(2) it calculates compensation numerical value and obtains hydraulic turbine aperture stroke-head compensated curve:
According to formula:H=H '+Hd+∑hj+∑hf
ΔHn=Hd+∑hj+∑hf;
H ' --- the pressure head of-measuring point;
ΔHn--- -- head compensates;
HdThe kinetic head of --- -- measuring point, Hd=kv2/2g;
∑hj--- the local head loss of pipeline, hj=ζ v2/2g;
∑hf--- the frictional head loss of pipeline, hf=λ lv2/d2g;
ζ --- coefficient of partial resistance;
λ --- frictional resistant coefficient;
L--- duct lengths;
D--- pipe diameters;
The mean flow rate of v--- sections;
G--- acceleration of gravity;
In the pressure pipeline built up, coefficient of partial resistance ζ is constant, and frictional resistant coefficient enters to be had with streamflow regime
It closes, generally it can be thought that head compensation Δ H in engineeringnWith square v of water velocity2It is directly proportional.
In the pressure pipeline built up, under identical the water level of the frontal pool, the water velocity of same aperture be it is identical, at this moment
Head compensates Δ HnIt is identical, for high water head, the fluctuation of water level accounts for the ratio very little of gross head, since fluctuation water level draws
The head offset risen is not enough to influence the precision of compensation calculation, the stroke and Δ H ignored in this algorithm, therefore measuredn
Relationship with repeatability.
When the aperture of the hydraulic turbine is zero, it is H to measure hydraulic pressure value0, Hd=∑ hj=∑ hf=0, forebay decreasing value Hc0=0,
The water level of the frontal pool H=H at this time0;It is measured in hydraulic turbine aperture S by pressure sensornPosition on corresponding hydraulic pressure be Hn, this
Shi Qianchi decreasing value Hcn, then head compensation Δ Hn=H0-Hn-Hcn, obtain the relation curve of Δ H~S.
S2, the head compensation Δ H that hydraulic turbine aperture stroke S is checked according to hydraulic turbine aperture stroke-head compensated curve;
S3, the real-time hydraulic pressure H ' measured according to pressure sensor calculate the water level of the frontal pool H=Δs H+H ';
S4, at interval of a water level of the frontal pool value is measured for a period of time, according to formula Hp=∑ H/n is to n water level measuring
Value calculates average water place value.
S5, hydraulic turbine aperture stroke S does not change at this time, then takes value HpFor the upper water place value of gained;It is no
Then, when hydraulic turbine aperture stroke S stops varying time delay for a period of time after HpFor gained upper water place value.
Scheme in compared with the existing technology, it is an advantage of the invention that:
1, technical solution using the present invention can have enough stability and accurate according to the water level value obtained by the present invention
Property, the measurement request in power station can be met;
2, technical solution using the present invention, it is only necessary to pressure sensor and displacement sensor, energy are installed before the hydraulic turbine
Enough true reflection the water level of the frontal pool meet the needs of unit allocation, greatly cost saving cost, and construction is simple is quick, safeguards
Management is easy;
3, technical solution using the present invention, the method for measuring the water level of the frontal pool using pressure sensor, no matter pressure pipeline
How long, measurement effect is not affected, efficiently solves the problems, such as unstable and inaccurate only with pressure sensor, can be replaced
For the waterlevel data that water level sensor is surveyed, and the cost for measuring the water level of the frontal pool greatly reduces.
Description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, required use in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill of field, without creative efforts, others are can also be obtained according to these attached drawings
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is the composition schematic diagram of Measurement and Control System in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of step schematic diagram for the method measuring the water level of the frontal pool with pressure sensor of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the hydraulic turbine aperture stroke-head compensated curve obtained in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Said program is described further below in conjunction with specific embodiment.It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrating
The present invention and do not limit the scope of the invention.The implementation condition used in embodiment can be done according to the condition in specific power station into
One successive step, the implementation condition being not specified are usually the condition in routine experiment.
Measuring system in a kind of method measuring the water level of the frontal pool with pressure sensor of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1, including setting
Set pressure sensor, the displacement sensor for measuring hydraulic turbine aperture and the PLC control for measuring hydraulic pressure before the hydraulic turbine
Device, the signal input part connection of pressure sensor, the signal output end of displacement sensor and PLC controller, the signal output of PLC
End is connect with hydraulic turbine control mechanism, the aperture of the hydraulic turbine is controlled according to the water level of the frontal pool value measured, the water level of the frontal pool value passes through
The display device for being connected to PLC controller is shown.
Measurement method and hydraulic turbine aperture control method include the following steps referring to Fig. 2:
S1, hydraulic turbine aperture stroke-head compensated curve is made:
(1) measurement data:By the hydraulic pressure before the determination of pressure sensor hydraulic turbine, the hydraulic turbine is measured by displacement sensor
Aperture, aperture with 5% ratio be incremented by by it is fully closed arrive standard-sized sheet, one by one record hydraulic turbine aperture-hydraulic pressure-the water level of the frontal pool decreasing value
(being defined as negative value if water level propradation);
(2) it calculates compensation numerical value and obtains hydraulic turbine aperture stroke-head compensated curve:When the aperture of the hydraulic turbine is zero
When, hydraulic pressure value H0, the hydraulic turbine is fully closed at this time, water flow velocity 0, and kinetic head is that 0 head loss is 0, so Δ Hn=0, the pressure
Value is the water level of the frontal pool actual value H0=H '.With the increase of aperture, water velocity increases, and kinetic head increases, while head
Local losses and linear loss increase, and the numerical value measured by pressure sensor is the hydraulic pressure of measuring point, in order to reflect the water level of the frontal pool
Actual value needs to supplement this three parts head on the basis of hydraulic pressure value before pressure sensor measures the hydraulic turbine, passes through pressure sensing
Device is measured in hydraulic turbine aperture SnPosition on corresponding hydraulic pressure be Hn, the water level of the frontal pool decreasing value is H at this timecn, then head mend
Repay Δ Hn=H0-Hn-Hcn, thus obtain the relation curve of Δ H~S;
Shown in Figure 3, the highest the water level of the frontal pool in the power station is 160 meters, the power station of 600 meters of pressure pipe Taoist priest, real
The Δ H-S relation curves that border measures, shown numerical value are all the numerical value in PLC controller.It is corresponding highest in this example
The water level of the frontal pool numerical value be 638 units, relative to per unit represented by height be 160m/638 units=0.25m/ it is mono-
Position;Abscissa numerical value is the numerical value of displacement sensor conversion, and 350mm points of the total travel relative to hydraulic turbine aperture is 5184 units
Decile, then the displacement that per unit is indicated is 350mm/5184 units=0.0675mm/ units.For built pipe
Road, Δ H~S relation curves are certain.
S2, the head compensation Δ H that hydraulic turbine aperture stroke S is obtained according to hydraulic turbine aperture stroke-head compensated curve;
S3, the real-time hydraulic pressure H ' measured according to pressure sensor calculate water level value H=Δs H+H ';
S4, at interval of measuring a water level value for a period of time, such as each interval time is one second, and n is measured in n seconds
A water level value, according to formula Hp=∑ H/n calculates average water place value;
S5, the presence due to water hammer pressure stop with aperture in several seconds of variation, the water measured in aperture change procedure
Place value can be distorted, and in order to avoid controlling the hydraulic turbine aperture in the state of measuring water level value distortion, take following method:
Judge H if hydraulic turbine aperture stroke S does not changePFor the water level of the frontal pool value;Otherwise, when hydraulic turbine aperture row
When journey S stops variation, after delaying a period of time (such as 10 seconds, this setting for delaying the time increases according to the length of penstock
Increase greatly, can be obtained by way of experiment), obtained HpFor the water level of the frontal pool value.
The foregoing examples are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the invention, its object is to allow one skilled in the art
It cans understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all smart according to the present invention
The equivalent transformation or modification that refreshing essence is done, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.