CN106544615A - 一种耐磨耐腐蚀梯度涂层镁合金及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种耐磨耐腐蚀梯度涂层镁合金及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106544615A
CN106544615A CN201611015486.1A CN201611015486A CN106544615A CN 106544615 A CN106544615 A CN 106544615A CN 201611015486 A CN201611015486 A CN 201611015486A CN 106544615 A CN106544615 A CN 106544615A
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张达明
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Wuxi Mingsheng Textile Machinery Co Ltd
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    • C23C28/042—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material including a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxides, ZrO2, rare earth oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
    • C23C28/048—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material with layers graded in composition or physical properties

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种耐磨耐腐蚀镁合金，其包括附着在镁合金表面的CoCrAlY粘结底层，以及附着在该CoCrAlY粘结底层上的Al2O3/Si3N4陶瓷涂层，其中CoCrAlY粘结底层厚度为150‑200μm，Al2O3/Si3N4陶瓷涂层厚度为350‑700μm。本发明的制备方法制备得到的镁合金，其硬度高，耐磨并耐腐蚀，性能优异。

Description

一种耐磨耐腐蚀梯度涂层镁合金及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种耐磨耐腐蚀梯度涂层镁合金及其制备方法。
背景技术
由于镁合金具有比强度、比刚度高，导热性、切削加工性好，电磁屏蔽能力强等特点，使得镁合金在汽车、电子、电器、交通、航天、航空和国防军事工业领域具有重要的应用价值和应用前景。
近年，镁合金应用逐年提高，但一些尚待解决的问题使得镁合金的应用成本仍然很高。因为镁的化学性质十分活泼，极易与氧气、氮气、水、CO2、SO2等发生反应而生成致密度系数较低的一层非金属膜，这层膜不能对金属基体起到有效的保护作用。另外，镁的标准电极电位为-2.34eV，是常用金属结构材料中最低的，当与其它金属接触时，易发生电偶腐蚀而加速溶解。还有，镁合金的燃点低，在熔炼过程中极易燃烧，因此必须采取保护措施，工业生产中主要采用盐类熔剂或气体保护，前者易造成铸件夹杂，影响产品质量，释放的HCl等气体污染环境；或者多采用SF6气体，对人体无害，但由于SF6是使地球气候变暖的温室气体，其温室作用是CO2的23900倍。而且镁合的硬度较低，这就导致其耐磨性差。这些都成为限制镁合金应用的关键问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种耐磨耐腐蚀梯度涂层镁合金，能够在镁合金表面制得结合强度高，耐蚀、耐磨性好的涂层。同时又能尽量降低成本，减小对环境的污染。
为达此目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种耐磨耐腐蚀梯度涂层镁合金，其包括附着在镁合金表面的CoCrAlY粘结底层，以及附着在该CoCrAlY粘结底层上的Al2O3/Si3N4陶瓷涂层，其中CoCrAlY粘结底层厚度为150-200μm，Al2O3/Si3N4陶瓷涂层厚度为350-700μm。
本发明还提供所述一种耐磨耐腐蚀梯度涂层镁合金的制备方法，所述方法包括：
(1)将镁合金基体表面喷砂粗化；
(2)将粗化后的镁合金基体压缩空气喷吹，丙酮洗涤并干燥；
(3)在干燥的镁合金基体表面用火焰喷涂CoCrAlY粘结底层，喷涂距离为100mm～150mm，喷涂角度为60°～90°之间，送粉气流量为0.6～0.8m3/h，涂层厚度为150-200μm；
(4)在CoCrAlY粘结底层上等离子喷涂Al2O3/Si3N4陶瓷涂层，喷涂距离为100mm～150mm，等离子焰流轴线与被喷涂试样表面的角度不应小于45°，喷涂角度在45°～90°之间，送粉气流量为0.6～0.8m3/h，涂层厚度为350-700μm。
本发明所述的CoCrAlY，其各成分之间比例不做特定限定，各个成分只要达到有效量即可，例如，其原子比比例可以为1:1:2:0.3，1:1.5:3:0.5。
所述Al2O3/Si3N4陶瓷涂层中，Al2O3与Si3N4的比例，同样是各成分在有效量范围内即可，例如Al2O3:Si3N4摩尔比为7-3:1。
Si3N4由于化学性能稳定、导热系数高、热膨胀系数小、耐磨性能好，把碳化硅粉末涂布于水轮机叶轮或汽缸体的内壁，可提高其耐磨性而延长使用寿命1～2倍；同时其耐热，耐热震、体积小、重量轻而强度高，节能效果好。碳化硅的硬度很大,莫氏硬度为9.5级，仅次于世界上最硬的金刚石(10级)，具有优良的导热性能。因此本发明将Si3N4与Cr2O3联用，其不仅耐磨性能出色，同时具有极强的防腐蚀性能。
优选的，本发明在镁合金基体表面喷砂粗化处理之前，将镁合金基体加热到80-100℃。喷涂前对基体材料进行适当预热，可以消除试样表面的水分和湿气，提高喷涂粒子与基底接触时的界面温度，减少因基体材料与涂层材料的热膨胀差异造成的应力导致的涂层开裂，从而提高涂层与基体的结合强度。
本发明选用CoCrAlY合金粉末作为梯度陶瓷涂层中间层。CoCrAlY合金粉末是使用温度较高、高温综合性能优异的合金粉末。Al是强脱氧剂，因此Al2O3可以抑制外部介质对母材金属的进一步腐蚀。而Cr的硬度高，生成的Cr2O3氧化膜不仅能阻止气体对涂层的进一步氧化，同时还可以增强涂层的耐磨性。少量钇的加入，能促进具有保护性的α-Al2O3膜的形成，改善Co-Cr-Al合金氧化膜与基体的粘附性，防止氧化膜的剥落；增加结合强度和提高涂层的抗氧化性能。
用作粘结底层的CoCrAlY合金中含有Al和Cr这两种耐蚀性能十分优秀的合金元素，即在合金表面形成一层致密的氧化膜，阻止界面氧原子通过氧化膜的向内扩散，而且氧化膜能够完整地覆盖合金表面。另外合金Y的加入，能促进具有保护性的α-Al2O3膜的形成，改善Co-Cr-Al合金氧化膜与基体的粘附性，防止氧化膜的剥落。等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层又对底层起了很好的覆盖保护作用，进一步提高了合金的耐蚀性能。
本发明的涂层显微硬度大于1020HV，远远高于镁合金基体的显微硬度(不到100HV)，大大提高了其耐磨性能。
采用盐水浸泡试验，也称全浸腐蚀试验。24h后结果如下，未喷涂试样腐蚀剧烈，腐蚀严重，表面形成大量黑色点蚀坑，表面变的凹凸不平，有大量腐蚀产物产生。而喷涂试样腐蚀缓慢，基本未受到腐蚀。
本发明的制备方法制备得到的镁合金，其硬度高，耐磨并耐腐蚀，性能优异。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
实施例1
按照下述工艺步骤制备耐磨耐腐蚀镁合金：
(1)将镁合金基体表面喷砂粗化；
(2)将粗化后的镁合金基体压缩空气喷吹，丙酮洗涤并干燥；
(3)在干燥的镁合金基体表面用火焰喷涂CoCrAlY粘结底层，喷涂距离为100mm，喷涂角度为60°之间，送粉气流量为0.6m3/h，涂层厚度为150μm；
(4)在CoCrAlY粘结底层上等离子喷涂Al2O3/Si3N4陶瓷涂层，喷涂距离为100mm，等离子焰流轴线与被喷涂试样表面的角度不应小于45°，喷涂角度在45°，送粉气流量为0.6m3/h，涂层厚度为350μm。
所述方法得到的耐磨耐腐蚀镁合金，包括附着在镁合金表面的CoCrAlY粘结底层，以及附着在该CoCrAlY粘结底层上的Al2O3/Si3N4陶瓷涂层。
实施例2
按照下述工艺步骤制备耐磨耐腐蚀镁合金：
(1)将镁合金基体表面喷砂粗化；
(2)将粗化后的镁合金基体压缩空气喷吹，丙酮洗涤并干燥；
(3)在干燥的镁合金基体表面用火焰喷涂CoCrAlY粘结底层，喷涂距离为150mm，喷涂角度为90°，送粉气流量为0.8m3/h，涂层厚度为200μm；
(4)在CoCrAlY粘结底层上等离子喷涂Al2O3/Si3N4陶瓷涂层，喷涂距离为150mm，等离子焰流轴线与被喷涂试样表面的角度不应小于45°，喷涂角度在90°，送粉气流量为0.8m3/h，涂层厚度为700μm。
所述方法得到的耐磨耐腐蚀镁合金，包括附着在镁合金表面的CoCrAlY粘结底层，以及附着在该CoCrAlY粘结底层上的Al2O3/Si3N4陶瓷涂层。
实施例3
按照下述工艺步骤制备耐磨耐腐蚀镁合金：
(1)将镁合金基体表面喷砂粗化；
(2)将粗化后的镁合金基体压缩空气喷吹，丙酮洗涤并干燥；
(3)在干燥的镁合金基体表面用火焰喷涂CoCrAlY粘结底层，喷涂距离为130mm，喷涂角度为70°，送粉气流量为0.7m3/h，涂层厚度为170μm；
(4)在CoCrAlY粘结底层上等离子喷涂Al2O3/Si3N4陶瓷涂层，喷涂距离为170mm，等离子焰流轴线与被喷涂试样表面的角度不应小于45°，喷涂角度在60°，送粉气流量为0.7m3/h，涂层厚度为500μm。
所述方法得到的耐磨耐腐蚀镁合金，包括附着在镁合金表面的CoCrAlY粘结底层，以及附着在该CoCrAlY粘结底层上的Al2O3/Si3N4陶瓷涂层。

Claims (3)

1.一种耐磨耐腐蚀梯度涂层镁合金，其包括附着在镁合金表面的CoCrAlY粘结底层，以及附着在该CoCrAlY粘结底层上的Al2O3/Si3N4陶瓷涂层，其中CoCrAlY粘结底层厚度为150-200μm，Al2O3/Si3N4陶瓷涂层厚度为350-700μm。
2.如权利要求1所述耐磨耐腐蚀梯度涂层镁合金的制备方法，所述方法包括：
(1)将镁合金基体表面喷砂粗化；
(2)将粗化后的镁合金基体压缩空气喷吹，丙酮洗涤并干燥；
(3)在干燥的镁合金基体表面用火焰喷涂CoCrAlY粘结底层，喷涂距离为100mm～150mm，喷涂角度为60°～90°之间，送粉气流量为0.6～0.8m3/h，涂层厚度为150-200μm；
(4)在CoCrAlY粘结底层上等离子喷涂Al2O3/Si3N4陶瓷涂层，喷涂距离为100mm～150mm，等离子焰流轴线与被喷涂试样表面的角度不应小于45°，喷涂角度在45°～90°之间，送粉气流量为0.6～0.8m3/h，涂层厚度为350-700μm。
3.如权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在镁合金基体表面喷砂粗化处理之前，将镁合金基体加热到80-100℃。
CN201611015486.1A 2016-11-18 2016-11-18 一种耐磨耐腐蚀梯度涂层镁合金及其制备方法 Pending CN106544615A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20170329