CN106544606B - A kind of preparation method of wear-resistant aluminum alloy axis pin - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of wear-resistant aluminum alloy axis pin Download PDFInfo
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- CN106544606B CN106544606B CN201511008858.3A CN201511008858A CN106544606B CN 106544606 B CN106544606 B CN 106544606B CN 201511008858 A CN201511008858 A CN 201511008858A CN 106544606 B CN106544606 B CN 106544606B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of aluminum alloy part, and the method includes the steps of：I) extruding aluminium alloy blank, obtains aluminum alloy part blank；Ii) aluminum alloy part blank is dissolved and ageing treatment；The temperature of solid solution is 480 DEG C~560 DEG C；The time of solid solution for 2 it is small when~6 it is small when；The temperature of timeliness is 140 DEG C~185 DEG C；The time of timeliness for 2 it is small when~7 it is small when.Aluminum alloy part of the present invention has preferable wear-resisting property and higher intensity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of aluminum alloys, particularly a kind of preparation method of wear-resistant aluminum alloy axis pin.
Background technology
Axis pin bears higher shearing and bending load at work, it is often failed in the form of wearing and is tired.At present,
Engineering machinery field uses the alloy steel materials such as 40Cr, 42CrMo, 35CMo as raw material, via quenched → turning → grinding → table
The method of face chromium plating prepares axis pin.Wherein, the method production cycle length of modifier treatment, energy consumption is big, of high cost, and environmental pollution is tight
Weight.
In addition, in order to further improve the wear-resisting property of axis pin and intensity, on the basis of using quenched and tempered steel, the prior art is also
Chrome-faced is replaced using technology generations such as surface hardening and case-carbonizings.This method is while axis pin case hardness is improved, moreover it is possible to
The mutation of its radial performance is eliminated, lifts service life.But the technological process of surface hardening and case-carbonizing is complicated, it is of high cost,
Pollution is big.
The content of the invention
In view of one or more problem existing in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of aluminium alloy zero
The preparation method of part (such as axis pin), it is also another object of the present invention to provide a kind of wear-resistant aluminum alloy part (such as axis pin)
Preparation method, it is also another object of the present invention to provide a kind of wear-resistant aluminum alloy part (such as axis pin).
Inventor has found, using specific al alloy component, coordinates the distinctive technique of the present invention, specificity can be prepared
The aluminum alloy materials of energy, the aluminum alloy materials are particularly suitable for preparing aluminum alloy part, especially aluminium alloy axis pin.The present invention
Aluminium alloy axis pin has preferable comprehensive performance, especially has higher hardness and wearability.
Above-mentioned discovery based on inventor, the present invention provide the content of following several respects：
First aspect present invention provides a kind of preparation method of aluminum alloy part, and the method includes the steps of：
I) extruding aluminium alloy blank, obtains aluminum alloy part blank；
Ii) aluminum alloy part blank is dissolved and ageing treatment；
The temperature of solid solution is 480 DEG C~560 DEG C；
The time of solid solution for 2 it is small when~6 it is small when；
The temperature of timeliness is 140 DEG C~185 DEG C；
The time of timeliness for 2 it is small when~7 it is small when.
In a preferred embodiment, the method for the foregoing any one of the present invention, wherein, the temperature of solid solution is 500 DEG C
~540 DEG C, preferably 520 DEG C~540 DEG C, such as 510 DEG C, 520 DEG C or 530 DEG C.
In a preferred embodiment, the method for the foregoing any one of the present invention, wherein, the time of solid solution is small for 2.5
When~5.5 it is small when, such as 3 it is small when~4 it is small when, such as 3.5 it is small when, 4.5 it is small when or 5 it is small when.
In a preferred embodiment, the method for the foregoing any one of the present invention, wherein, the temperature of timeliness is 150 DEG C
~180 DEG C, such as 160 DEG C~175 DEG C, such as 155 DEG C, 165 DEG C or 170 DEG C.
In a preferred embodiment, the method for the foregoing any one of the present invention, wherein, when the time of timeliness is 3 small
~6 it is small when, such as 3 it is small when~5 it is small when, such as 4 it is small when, 4.5 it is small when or 5.5 it is small when.
In a preferred embodiment, any one of the foregoing method of the present invention, the matter of each element in aluminum alloy blank
Measuring percentage is：
Si：10.0%~15.0% (such as 11%~13.5%, then such as 13%~14%)；
Cu：0.5%~2.0% (such as 0.5%~1.5%, then such as 1%~1.5%)；
Mg：0.8%~1.5% (such as 0.8%~1.3%, then such as 1%~1.4%)；
Ni：0.50%~2.0% (such as 0.5%~1.2%, then such as 1%~1.2%)；
Zn：≤ 0.3% (such as Zn≤0.25%)；
Fe：≤ 1.0%；
Al：Surplus；
Alternatively, wherein also including other impurity elements, the mass percent of other impurity elements is：Every kind of impurity element
≤ 0.05%, total amount≤0.15%.
In a preferred embodiment, the method for the foregoing any one of the present invention, wherein, the parameter of extruding is selected from following
It is one or more：
A) extrusion ratio is for 4~30 (such as 5~20, then such as 5~10)；
B) extrusion temperature is 400 DEG C~500 DEG C (such as 420 DEG C~480 DEG C, then such as 440 DEG C~480 DEG C)；
C) extrusion speed is 1.5m/min~20m/min (such as 2m/min~6m/min, then such as 4m/min~6m/
min)。
In a preferred embodiment, the method for the foregoing any one of the present invention, this method further include：Ultrasound judges to squeeze
Ya Fei areas simultaneously remove the step of extruding useless area.The step of ultrasound judges the useless area of extruding and removes extruding useless area preferably in step i) and
Ii carried out between).For example, ultrasound judge aluminum alloy part blank extruding give up area and remove extruding give up area.It is preferred that using ultrasound
Defectoscope judges the useless area of extruding.
In a preferred embodiment, the method for the foregoing any one of the present invention, this method further include：Mechanical processing
Step.The step of mechanical processing, is preferably in step ii) carry out afterwards.For example, according to actual needs, after solid solution and ageing treatment
Aluminum alloy part blank be machined, the machined piece of size needed for acquisition.
In a preferred embodiment, the method for the foregoing any one of the present invention, this method further include surface treatment
Step, the surface treatment are preferably differential arc oxidation or anodic oxidation.The step of surface treatment preferably mechanical processing the step of
Carry out afterwards.For example, machined piece is surface-treated.Surface treatment can increase the wearability of piece surface.
In a preferred embodiment, the method for the foregoing any one of the present invention, wherein, the parameter of differential arc oxidation is choosing
From following one or more：
D) electrolyte is selected from NaOH solution, Na3PO4Solution, Na2SiO3Solution or its combination；
E) pH value of electrolyte is 8~9 (such as 8.3~8.7)；
F) temperature of electrolyte is 20 DEG C~70 DEG C (such as 40 DEG C~70 DEG C, then such as 55 DEG C~70 DEG C)；
G) oxidization time for 1 it is small when~5 it is small when (such as 1.5 it is small when~3 it is small when, then such as 1.5 it is small when~2 it is small when).
H) differential arc oxidation voltage 485V~510V (such as 500V), anode current are 5A~6A (such as 5.5A).
In a preferred embodiment, any one of the foregoing method of the present invention, aluminum alloy blank by semicontinuous or
The method of continuously casting obtains.
In a preferred embodiment, the method for the foregoing any one of the present invention, aluminum alloy blank are bar-shaped.
In a preferred embodiment, the method for the foregoing any one of the present invention, in semicontinuous or continuously casting, knot
The bore of brilliant device for prepared aluminum alloy part diameter 2.5 times~7.5 times (such as 2 times~3 times, then such as 2.25 times, 2.5
Times or 3 times).
In a preferred embodiment, the method for the foregoing any one of the present invention, a diameter of aluminium of aluminum alloy blank close
2.5 times of metal parts diameter~7.5 times (such as 2 times~3 times, then such as 2.25 times, 2.5 times or 3 times).
In a preferred embodiment, the method for the foregoing any one of the present invention, the aluminum alloy blank is semisolid
Blank.
In a preferred embodiment, any one of the foregoing method of the present invention, this method comprise the following steps one
Step or multistep：
1) aluminum alloy blank is obtained using semicontinuous or continuously casting；
2) aluminum alloy blank is extruded, obtains aluminum alloy part blank；
3) ultrasound judges the useless area of extruding, and removes the useless area of extruding；
4) aluminum alloy part blank is dissolved and ageing treatment；
5) it is machined；
6) it is surface-treated.
In a preferred embodiment, any one of the foregoing method of the present invention, this method is according to by 1) suitable to 6)
Sequence carries out.
In a preferred embodiment, the method for the foregoing any one of the present invention, this method comprise the following steps：
1) the aluminium alloy billet blank that diameter is preferably 90mm~120mm, by weight, aluminium are made using semi-continuous casting
Alloying component can be：Si:11.0%~13.5%, Cu:0.5%~1.5%, Mg:0.8%~1.3%, Ni:0.50%~
1.2%th, Zn:≤ 0.25%, Fe:≤ 1.0%, Al:Surplus；
2) extruding aluminium alloy blank, extrusion ratio can be 5.0~9.0, and extrusion temperature can be 420 DEG C~480 DEG C, extruding
Speed can be 2.0m/min~6.0m/min, obtain extrusion blank part；
3) size in the useless area of extrusion blank part extruding is judged using reflectoscope, removes the useless area of extruding；
4) aluminium alloy blank is dissolved and ageing treatment, solid solubility temperature can be 500 DEG C~540 DEG C, during solid solution
Between can be 3 it is small when~4 it is small when, aging temp can be 150 DEG C~175 DEG C, aging time can be 3 it is small when~6 it is small when.
5) the aluminium alloy blank after fixation rates is machined to the size of required part (axis pin), obtains machine
Tool machining blanks part.
6) surface by micro-arc oxidation processing is carried out to mechanical processing blank, electrolyte can be Na3PO4, NaOH or
Na2SiO3Solution, the pH value of electrolyte can be 8~9, and electrolyte temperature can be 40 DEG C~70 DEG C, and the time of differential arc oxidation can
Think 1.5 it is small when~3 it is small when.
Fig. 2 shows a kind of flow chart of wear-resistant aluminum alloy axis pin preparation method of the present invention, as shown in the figure, at one preferably
Embodiment in, any one of the foregoing method of the present invention, this method can include following one or multi-step successively：Melting is closed
Gold casting semisolid billet, extruding obtain extruding charge bar, ultrasound judges extrusional slug area, fixation rates, machining, surface
Differential arc oxidation, and then obtain high abrasion aluminium alloy axis pin.
In a preferred embodiment, the method for the foregoing any one of the present invention, the aluminum alloy part is aluminium alloy
Axis pin.
Second aspect of the present invention provides a kind of aluminum alloy part, and the method for the foregoing any one of its present invention is prepared.
In a preferred embodiment, any one of the foregoing aluminum alloy part of the present invention, its have with the next item down or
Multinomial feature：
I) surface roughness≤2.5 micron (such as≤2.4 microns, then for example, 2.1~2.4 microns)；
J) case hardness is 160HV~210HV (for example, 170HV~200HV, then for example, 180HV~200HV, then example
Such as it is 190HV~200HV)；
K) fatigue load：In the fatigue load experiment that maximum load is 27 tons, at least 600,000 times not broken, preferably at least
800000 times are not broken, further preferably at least 1,000,000 times it is not broken.
In a preferred embodiment, fatigue load experiment of the present invention is three-point bending fatigue test, using sine
Load mode, maximum load are 27 tons (or 215MPa), and minimum load is 21.6 tons (or 172MPa), cycle period 3s.
Third aspect present invention provides a kind of aluminum alloy part, it is with following one or more features：
I) surface roughness≤2.5 micron (such as≤2.4 microns, then for example, 2.1 microns~2.4 microns)；
J) case hardness is 160HV~210HV (for example, 170HV~200HV, then for example, 180HV~200HV, then example
Such as it is 190HV~200HV)；
K) fatigue load：Under 27 tons of load at least 600,000 times it is not broken, preferably at least 800,000 times are not broken, further preferably extremely
Few 1,000,000 times not broken.
In a preferred embodiment, the aluminum alloy part of the foregoing any one of the present invention, the aluminum alloy part are
Aluminium alloy axis pin.
In a preferred embodiment, the diameter of aluminium alloy axis pin of the invention be preferably 20mm~60mm (such as
30mm~50mm), the length of aluminium alloy axis pin is preferably 100mm~200mm (such as 140mm~180mm).
The extrusion ratio of the present invention can refer to：After the cross-sectional area of blank before extruding and extruding the cross-sectional area of product it
Than.
In the present invention, case hardness and fatigue test are tested using following methods：
Case hardness is tested：Tested using micro-vickers hardness testing machine, specific steps are referred to GB/T 4340.1-
2009。
Fatigue test method：This experiment carries out testing fatigue using the axis pin finished product after shaping and processing.As shown in figure 3,
Three-point bending fatigue test is carried out on dedicated fatigue tester, by axis pin whole installation on corresponding test fixture, so
The force value of corresponding tonnage is loaded into frock afterwards.Specifically, axis pin 1 is fixed in two supports 3, is applied with loading 2 pairs of axis pins
Load lotus.The length d1 of loading 2 is about 80mm, and the length d2 for supporting 3 is about 40mm.Using sinusoidal load mode, maximum load
(i.e. the wave crest of sine wave) is 27 tons, and minimum load (i.e. the trough of sine wave) is 21.6 tons, cycle period 3s.Pass through axis pin
By Cyclic Load, number during its fatigue fracture is recorded.
Unless stated otherwise, heretofore described solution all can be aqueous solution；Heretofore described % all can be matter
Measure %.
"≤" represents less than or is equal in the present invention, and " >=" represents to be greater than or equal to.
In the specification and in the claims the amount of all expression compositions, reaction condition etc. numeral in all cases
It is understood that to be modified by term " about ", unless otherwise specified.Correspondingly, given in the following specification and the appended claims
The numerical parameter gone out is approximation, its desirable property that can be attempted according to the present invention and change, unless there are opposite
Instruction.At least, and be not intended to limit application of the doctrine of equivalents on right, each numerical parameter should at least according to
The digit for the effective digital reported simultaneously rounds up technology and explains according to common.
Beneficial effects of the present invention
The present invention uses specific al alloy component and specific processing step, and high-performance aluminium alloy pin has been prepared
Axis, the aluminium alloy axis pin have the advantages that following one or more：
(1) wearability of aluminium alloy axis pin of the present invention is preferable, such as roughness is relatively low, or again such as case hardness compared with
It is high；
(2) fatigue behaviour of aluminium alloy axis pin of the present invention is preferable, such as fatigue strength is high, or such as fatigue life again
It is long；
(4) light weight of aluminium alloy axis pin of the present invention；
(5) preparation method of aluminium alloy axis pin of the present invention has that step is simple, cost is low, environmental-friendly, time-consuming short etc. by one
Item or multiple advantages.
Brief description of the drawings
Attached drawing described herein is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, forms the part of the application, this hair
Bright schematic description and description is used to explain the present invention, does not form limitation of the invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the axis pin of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 is a kind of flow chart of wear-resistant aluminum alloy axis pin preparation method of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of fatigue experimental device of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below by drawings and examples, technical scheme is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
The aluminium alloy billet blank of a diameter of 90mm is made using semi-continuous casting, by weight, al alloy component is：
Si:11.0、Cu:0.5、Mg:0.8、Ni:0.50、Zn:≤0.25、Fe:≤1.0、Al:Surplus.Squeezed using horizontal extruder is positive
Jewelling alloy blank, extrusion ratio 5.0, extrusion temperature are 420 DEG C, extrusion speed 6.0m/min, obtain extrusion blank part.Adopt
The size in the useless area of extrusion blank part extruding is judged with reflectoscope, measures the head that the useless area of extruding is aluminium alloy blank
450mm and afterbody 500mm, removes the useless area of extruding.Aluminium alloy blank is dissolved and ageing treatment, solid solubility temperature 500
DEG C, when solution time is 4 small, aging temp is 150 DEG C, when aging time is 6 small.By the aluminium alloy hair after fixation rates
Blank is machined to the size of required part (axis pin), obtains mechanical processing blank.Table is carried out to mechanical processing blank
Surface by micro-arc oxidation processes, electrolyte Na3PO4Aqueous solution, the pH value of electrolyte is 8.3, and electrolyte temperature is 40 DEG C, differential of the arc oxygen
When the time 3 of change is small, differential arc oxidation voltage 500V, anode current 5.5A.Obtain the aluminium alloy axis pin finished product of embodiment 1.
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the aluminium alloy axis pin of embodiment 1, as shown in Figure 1, the size of the aluminium alloy axis pin is diameter
φ 40mm, length 158mm.
After testing, the surface roughness of the aluminium alloy axis pin is 2.2 μm, case hardness 170HV.It is tired in the bending of the present invention
In labor load test stabilization, which circulates 1,000,000 times under the maximum stress at 27 tons (equivalent to 215MPa, similarly hereinafter), not
It is broken.
Embodiment 2
The aluminium alloy billet blank of a diameter of 100mm is made using semi-continuous casting, by weight, al alloy component is：
Si:13.0、Fe:≤1.0、Cu:1.0、Mg:1.0、Ni:1.0、Zn:≤0.25、Al:Surplus.Squeezed using horizontal extruder is positive
Jewelling alloy blank, extrusion ratio 6.3, extrusion temperature are 440 DEG C, extrusion speed 4.0m/min, obtain extrusion blank part.Adopt
The size in the useless area of extrusion blank part extruding is judged with reflectoscope, measures the head that the useless area of extruding is aluminium alloy blank
550mm and afterbody 600mm, removes the useless area of extruding.Aluminium alloy blank is dissolved and ageing treatment, solid solubility temperature 520
DEG C, when solution time is 4 small, aging temp is 160 DEG C, when aging time is 5 small.By the aluminium alloy hair after fixation rates
Blank is machined to the size of required part (axis pin), obtains mechanical processing blank.Table is carried out to mechanical processing blank
Surface by micro-arc oxidation processes, electrolyte are NaOH aqueous solutions, and the pH value of electrolyte is 8.7, and electrolyte temperature is 55 DEG C, differential arc oxidation
Time 2.0 it is small when, differential arc oxidation voltage 485V, anode current 5A.Obtain the aluminium alloy axis pin finished product of embodiment 2, the aluminium
The size of alloy axis pin is diameter phi 40mm, length 158mm.
After testing, the surface roughness of the aluminium alloy axis pin is 2.1 μm, case hardness 193HV.It is real in flexural fatigue load
In testing, which circulates 1,000,000 times under 27 tons of maximum stress, is not broken.
Embodiment 3
The aluminium alloy billet blank of a diameter of 120mm is made using semi-continuous casting, by weight, al alloy component is：
Si:13.5、Fe:≤1.0、Cu:1.5、Mg:1.3、Ni:1.2、Zn:≤0.3、Al:Surplus.Using horizontal extruder forward extrusion
Aluminum alloy blank, extrusion ratio 5.0, extrusion temperature are 420 DEG C, extrusion speed 2.0m/min, obtain extrusion blank part.Using
Reflectoscope judges the size in the useless area of extrusion blank part extruding, measures the head 300mm that the useless area of extruding is aluminium alloy blank
With afterbody 600mm, the useless area of extruding is removed.Aluminium alloy blank is dissolved and ageing treatment, solid solubility temperature are 540 DEG C, Gu
When the molten time is 3 small, aging temp is 175 DEG C, when aging time is 3 small.By the aluminium alloy blank after fixation rates
It is machined to the size of required part (axis pin), obtains mechanical processing blank.It is micro- that surface is carried out to mechanical processing blank
Arc oxidation processes, electrolyte Na2SiO3Aqueous solution, the pH value of electrolyte is 8.7, and electrolyte temperature is 70 DEG C, differential arc oxidation
When time 1.5 is small, differential arc oxidation voltage 500V, anode current 5.5A.Obtain the aluminium alloy axis pin finished product of embodiment 3, the aluminium
The size of alloy axis pin is diameter phi 40mm, length 158mm.
After testing, the surface roughness of the aluminium alloy axis pin is 2.4 μm, case hardness 198HV.It is tired in the bending of the present invention
In labor load test stabilization, which circulates 1,000,000 times under 27 tons of maximum stress, is not broken.
Comparative example 1：
The aluminium alloy billet blank of a diameter of 60mm is made using semi-continuous casting, al alloy component is：Si:13.5、Fe:
≤1.0、Cu:1.5、Mg:1.3、Ni:1.2、Zn:≤0.3、Al:Surplus.Using horizontal extruder forward extrusion aluminum alloy blank,
Extrusion ratio is 2.25, and extrusion temperature is 550 DEG C, extrusion speed 2.0m/min, obtains extrusion blank part.Using reflectoscope
Judge the size in the useless area of extrusion blank part extruding, measure head 500mm and afterbody that the useless area of extruding is aluminium alloy blank
600mm, removes the useless area of extruding.Aluminium alloy blank is dissolved and ageing treatment, solid solubility temperature are 460 DEG C, solution time
For 1 it is small when, aging temp be 120 DEG C, aging time for 10 it is small when.Aluminium alloy blank machinery after fixation rates is added
Work obtains mechanical processing blank to the size of required part (axis pin).Surface by micro-arc oxidation is carried out to mechanical processing blank
Processing, electrolyte Na2SiO3Aqueous solution, the pH value of electrolyte is 8.5, and electrolyte temperature is 50 DEG C, the time of differential arc oxidation
1.5 it is small when, differential arc oxidation voltage 510V, anode current 6A.Obtain the aluminium alloy axis pin finished product of comparative example 1, the aluminium alloy pin
The size of axis is diameter phi 40mm, length 158mm.
After testing, the surface roughness of the aluminium alloy axis pin is 2.6 μm, case hardness 158HV.It is tired in the bending of the present invention
In labor load test stabilization, which circulates 100,000 times under 27 tons of maximum stress, is broken.
As it can be seen that aluminium alloy axis pin surface roughness of the present invention is relatively low, case hardness is higher, and wearability is good, and aluminium of the present invention
The fatigue behaviour of alloy axis pin is also preferable, and fatigue strength is high, fatigue life length.Aluminium alloy axis pin of the present invention has preferable comprehensive
Performance.
Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical scheme of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof；To the greatest extent
The present invention is described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments for pipe, those of ordinary skills in the art should understand that：Still
It can modify to the embodiment of the present invention or equivalent substitution is carried out to some technical characteristics；Without departing from this hair
The spirit of bright technical solution, it should all cover among the claimed technical solution scope of the present invention.
Claims (29)
1. a kind of preparation method of aluminum alloy part, the method includes the steps of：
1) aluminum alloy blank is obtained using semicontinuous or continuously casting；
2) aluminum alloy blank is extruded, obtains aluminum alloy part blank；
3) ultrasound judges the useless area of extruding, and removes the useless area of extruding；
4) aluminum alloy part blank is dissolved and ageing treatment；
5) it is machined；
6) it is surface-treated, the surface treatment is differential arc oxidation；
In step 1)：
The mass percent of each element is in aluminum alloy blank：
Si：10.0%~15.0%；
Cu：0.5%~2.0%；
Mg：0.8%~1.5%；
Ni：0.50%~2.0%；
Zn：≤ 0.3%；
Fe：≤ 1.0%；
Al：Surplus；
Alternatively, wherein also including other impurity elements, the mass percent of other impurity elements is：Every kind of impurity element≤
0.05%, total amount≤0.15%；
In step 2)：
The parameter of extruding includes：Extrusion ratio be 4~10, extrusion temperature be 400 DEG C~500 DEG C, extrusion speed for 1.5m/min~
20m/min；
In step 4)：
The temperature of solid solution is 480 DEG C~560 DEG C, time of solid solution for 2 it is small when~6 it is small when, the temperature of timeliness is 140 DEG C~185
DEG C, time of timeliness for 2 it is small when~7 it is small when；
In step 6)：
The parameter of differential arc oxidation includes：Electrolyte is selected from NaOH solution, Na3PO4Solution, Na2SiO3Solution or its combination, electrolyte
PH value be 8~9, the temperature of electrolyte is 20 DEG C~70 DEG C, oxidization time for 1 it is small when~5 it is small when, differential arc oxidation voltage 485V
~510V, anode current are 5A~6A.
2. the method described in claim 1, wherein, the temperature of solid solution is 500 DEG C~540 DEG C.
3. the method described in claim 1, wherein, the temperature of solid solution is 520 DEG C~540 DEG C.
4. the method described in claim 1, wherein, time of solid solution for 2.5 it is small when~5.5 it is small when.
5. the method described in claim 1, wherein, time of solid solution for 3 it is small when~4 it is small when.
6. the method described in claim 1, wherein, the temperature of timeliness is 150 DEG C~180 DEG C.
7. the method described in claim 1, wherein, the temperature of timeliness is 160 DEG C~175 DEG C.
8. the method described in claim 1, wherein, time of timeliness for 3 it is small when~6 it is small when.
9. the method described in claim 1, wherein, time of timeliness for 3 it is small when~5 it is small when.
10. the method for claim 1, the mass percent of Si is in aluminum alloy blank：11%~13.5%.
11. the method for claim 1, the mass percent of Si is in aluminum alloy blank：13%~14%.
12. the method for claim 1, the mass percent of Cu is in aluminum alloy blank：0.5%~1.5%.
13. the method for claim 1, the mass percent of Cu is in aluminum alloy blank：1%~1.5%.
14. the method for claim 1, the mass percent of Mg is in aluminum alloy blank：0.8%~1.3%.
15. the method for claim 1, the mass percent of Mg is in aluminum alloy blank：1%~1.4%.
16. the method for claim 1, the mass percent of Ni is in aluminum alloy blank：0.5%~1.2%.
17. the method for claim 1, the mass percent of Ni is in aluminum alloy blank：1%~1.2%.
18. the method for claim 1, mass percent≤0.25% of Zn in aluminum alloy blank.
19. the method for claim 1 wherein the parameter of, extruding be selected from it is following one or more：
A) extrusion ratio is 5~20；
B) extrusion temperature is 420 DEG C~480 DEG C；
C) extrusion speed is 2m/min~6m/min.
20. the method for claim 1 wherein the parameter of, extruding be selected from it is following one or more：
A') extrusion ratio is 5~10；
B') extrusion temperature is 440 DEG C~480 DEG C；
C') extrusion speed is 4m/min~6m/min.
21. the method for claim 1, aluminum alloy blank is obtained by semicontinuous or continuously casting method.
22. the method for claim 21, in semicontinuous or continuously casting, the bore of crystallizer is straight for prepared aluminum alloy part
2.5 times of footpath~7.5 times.
23. the method for claim 1, the aluminum alloy blank is semi-solid blank.
24. claim 1~23 any one of them method, the aluminum alloy part is aluminium alloy axis pin.
25. a kind of aluminum alloy part, it is prepared by the method for any one of claim 1~24.
26. the aluminum alloy part of claim 25, it is with following one or more features：
Surface roughness≤2.5 micron；
Case hardness is 160HV~210HV；
Fatigue load：27 tons or 215MPa at least 600,000 times it is not broken.
27. the aluminum alloy part of claim 25, it is with following one or more features：
Surface roughness≤2.4 micron；
Case hardness is 170HV~200HV；
Fatigue load：27 tons or 215MPa at least 800,000 times it is not broken.
28. the aluminum alloy part of claim 25, it is with following one or more features：
2.1 microns~2.4 microns of surface roughness；
Case hardness is 180HV~200HV；
Fatigue load：27 tons or 215MPa at least 1,000,000 times it is not broken.
29. the aluminum alloy part of claim 25, its case hardness is 190HV~200HV.
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