CN106536980A - Multimode electromechanical variable speed transmission apparatus and method of control - Google Patents

Multimode electromechanical variable speed transmission apparatus and method of control Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106536980A
CN106536980A CN201580020450.XA CN201580020450A CN106536980A CN 106536980 A CN106536980 A CN 106536980A CN 201580020450 A CN201580020450 A CN 201580020450A CN 106536980 A CN106536980 A CN 106536980A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
scolus
planet circular
rotating part
coaxial rotating
motor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201580020450.XA
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Chinese (zh)
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CN106536980B (en
Inventor
艾晓林
薛蕊
薛忠和
艾晓志
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Shandong Liancheng Automobile Mixed Power Technology Co Ltd
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Shandong Liancheng Automobile Mixed Power Technology Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from US14/694,881 external-priority patent/US10077823B2/en
Application filed by Shandong Liancheng Automobile Mixed Power Technology Co Ltd filed Critical Shandong Liancheng Automobile Mixed Power Technology Co Ltd
Publication of CN106536980A publication Critical patent/CN106536980A/en
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Publication of CN106536980B publication Critical patent/CN106536980B/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/727—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path
    • F16H3/728—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously with at least two dynamo electric machines for creating an electric power path inside the gearing, e.g. using generator and motor for a variable power torque path with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/10—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/103—Power split variators with each end of the CVT connected or connectable to a Ravigneaux set
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2002—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears
    • F16H2200/2007—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the number of sets of orbital gears with two sets of orbital gears
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2035—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes with two engaging means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/203—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes
    • F16H2200/2064—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion characterised by the engaging friction means not of the freewheel type, e.g. friction clutches or brakes using at least one positive clutch, e.g. dog clutch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2079—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion using freewheel type mechanisms, e.g. freewheel clutches
    • F16H2200/2082—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion using freewheel type mechanisms, e.g. freewheel clutches one freewheel mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
    • F16H2200/20—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion
    • F16H2200/2097—Transmissions using gears with orbital motion comprising an orbital gear set member permanently connected to the housing, e.g. a sun wheel permanently connected to the housing

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Multiple Motors (AREA)

Abstract

A multi-mode electro-mechanical variable speed transmission, includes an input shaft (Input), an output system (Output), at least one planetary gear set having at least three branches each representing a co-axial rotating member, two electric machines (EM1, EM2) along with the associated controllers for the electric machines, and at least a clutch (CL). The first branch couples to the first electric machine (EM1) with a constant speed ratio, the second branch couples to the output system (Output) with a constant speed ratio, the third branch couples to the input shaft (Input) with a constant speed ratio, and the second electric machine (EM2) selectively couples to two different branches of the planetary gear set with two different constant speed ratios, respectively. Said multi-mode electro-mechanical variable speed transmission is capable of providing multiple operation modes including two electric drive modes and two power split operation modes. Different operation modes cover different speed ratio regimes and are suitable for different power requirements. At the mode switching point, the corresponding clutch is automatically synchronized. This avoids shock loads during operation mode switching. The transmission is capable of providing operations with at least a fixed output to input speed ratio.

Description

Multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission device and control method
Technical field
The invention belongs to the multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission device and its operational approach in a kind of power drive system.It Can be widely applied to various vehicles and power-equipment.
Background technology
In order to reduce the consumption and discharge of fuel, hybrid vehicle combines driven by power with traditional combustion engine (also known as Electromotor) drive two kinds of different driven by energy forms.Internal combustion engine has certain speed and power bracket, and very little wherein In the range of reach optimal working condition.However, actual road conditions are ever-changing, not only show in the speed of driving wheel, together When be also manifested by the moment of torsion required by driving wheel.Therefore, the rotating speed and moment of torsion of internal combustion engine, the i.e. dynamic regime of internal combustion engine and drive The matching of driving wheel dynamic regime is one of top priority of variator.
In recent years, the birth of electromechanical mixing dynamic force technology is to realize power perfect match developing between internal combustion engine and power wheel New approach.It is in numerous power assembly design cases, most representational for Toyota Company's motor buncher, abbreviation THS.THS employs shunting principle, and input power is divided into two-way.All the way through a mechanical chain being made up of geared rotor system, The electric power chain that another road is constituted through Organic Electricity.Part flow arrangement is a simple planet circular system.THS can only operate in a kind of point Under stream mode.It is with an output, input speed than node SR；When output, input speed when variator is than higher than this node, it is System will appear from power interior circulation, so as to reduce power transfer efficiency.Which greatly limits effective work of variator Ratio coverage.In order that THS can be applied on the higher vehicle of power demand, wherein power of motor is proposed it is very high will Ask.Under power drive mode, only wherein one motor provides power.So, THS is not particularly suited for pure under high power Driven by power.Plug-in hybrid system is a kind of typical application example for requiring that high power pure driven by power is dynamic.It requires whole Pure driven by power (AER).Vehicle can be run with electric-only mode before battery electric quantity is depleted to less than predetermined threshold.
The content of the invention
(1) technical problem to be solved
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of New Multi-mode is electromechanical Buncher.It can work under at least two different shunt modes, effectively overcome power interior circulation, with compared with High transmission efficiency, can carry out continuous and independent regulation to output, input speed ratio and power in wider scope, so as to Effective ratio coverage of variator is widened greatly.In addition, it can also be in two pure driven by power and two fixed gear ratio Run under pattern.Electric-only mode can substantially improve acceleration, and fixed gear ratio pattern can then provide the transmission effect of maximum Rate.
(2) technical scheme
To achieve these goals, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
The New Multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission, including a gear train, a fixation kit, an input Axle, an output system, at least one clutch, two motors and electric machine controller.The gear train is also comprising two Planet circular system, each planet circular system at least three rotate coaxially part.
For those persons skilled in the art, a planet circular system in the form of a lever diagram can be described and be understood. There are lever or rod and some scolus in lever diagram.Lever diagram has schematically shown the part of planet circular system, and defines train Relation between part in motion with power.In lever diagram, each scolus one branch of correspondence, represents planet circular system respectively In a coaxial rotating part.The distance between scolus is depending on the gear ratio between planet circular system geared parts.From lever One end to the other end, referred to as the first scolus of gear train successively, the second scolus and the 3rd scolus etc..It is same in planet circular system The rotary speed of axle rotary part is by the vector representation on corresponding scolus perpendicular to lever.Scolus lever diagram more than one has two Individual rotational freedom；The rotating speed of any two scolus can determine the rotating speed of other scolus of the gear train completely.Each scolus turns The terminal of fast vector falls point-blank all the time.
Three scolus levers represent the planet circular system of three axles, i.e., the three branch gears with three coaxial rotating parts Group.Fig. 1 shows three scolus lever diagrams.Three scolus from left side to right side are known respectively as the first (KN11), the second (KN12) With the 3rd (KN13) scolus.Each scolus corresponds to a branch respectively, represents a coaxial rotating part of planet circular system.According to point Scolus corresponding to branch, three branches are known respectively as the first, the second and third planet train branch.If with the first scolus extremely The distance between second scolus is a linear module, then the distance between second scolus to the 3rd scolus is then KaIndividual list Position.In simple planet circular system, Ka is the gear ratio (the also referred to as feature speed ratio of planet circular system) of gear ring and sun gear.
Four scolus levers represent the planet circular system of four axles, i.e., the four branch gears with four coaxial rotating parts Group.Fig. 2 shows four scolus lever diagrams.Four scolus from left side to right side are known respectively as the first (KN21), second (KN22), the 3rd (KN23) and the 4th (KN24) scolus.Each scolus corresponds to the coaxial rotating portion of a branch or planet circular system respectively Part.Scolus according to corresponding to branch, four branches are known respectively as the first, the second, the third and fourth planet circular system branch.Such as Fruit is using the distance between the 3rd scolus to the 4th scolus as a linear module.So the second scolus is between the 3rd scolus Distance will be KaIndividual unit, and the distance between first scolus to the 3rd scolus is then KbIndividual unit.Scolus, here, KaAnd KbIt is The feature tooth ratio of four branch planet circular systems.
In the gear train, first planet train is represented by first three scolus lever, and the second planet circular system is by second Individual four scolus lever is represented..First scolus of the first lever is coupled with fixation kit, and the second scolus then with the second lever Two scolus are coupled.The gear train and input shaft, output system and the first and second motors make the connection (reference of following manner Fig. 3):3rd scolus of the first lever is selectively connectable with or disconnects the second motor by least one clutch；Second lever The first scolus connect the first motor；The second scolus connection output system of first and second lever；The 3rd of second lever Point connection input shaft, and the 4th scolus is then selectively connectable with by least one clutch or disconnects the second motor.
The gear train can also be made up of first, second two levers for being all three scolus.The first of first lever Scolus is coupled with fixation kit, and the second scolus is then coupled with the second scolus of the second lever.The gear train and input shaft, Output system and the first and second motors make the connection of following manner:, the 3rd scolus of the first lever is by least one clutch Device is selectively connectable with or disconnects the second motor；First scolus of the second lever connects the first motor；First and second lever Second scolus connects output system；The 3rd scolus connection input shaft of the second lever, while selectively connect also through clutch Connect or disconnect the second motor.
The multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission can also include a jackshaft.Described jackshaft plays rotation connection The effect of gear train and output system.
The multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission can also include an one-way clutch, in a direction engagement, in phase Opposite direction departs from, and this causes coupling assembly only can transmit torque to another coupling assembly in a direction.In general, Clutch and one-way clutch are collectively referred to as torque transmitter.By coordinating the torque transmitter and motor, variator Can run in various operational modes, including the first electric drive mode, one of motor provides power；Second electric drive mould Formula, the collaboration of two of which motor provide higher or more efficient power；First combination drive pattern, electromotor are in work shape State, buncher are run than under in low output-input speed；Second combination drive pattern, electromotor are in running order, stepless Variator is run under compared with height output-input speed ratio, and at least one fixes gear ratio drive pattern, and now variator is defeated Go out-be input into speed than constant.It is probably preferable to run under fixed speed ratio for some specific uses.
The multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission can be run in pure driven by power mode under conditions of electromotor is closed, full Pure electric drive mileage scope required by foot.When running under electric-only mode, at least one clutch optionally will 3rd scolus of the second motor connection to the first lever, and the second motor is disconnected from the 4th scolus of the second lever.Second Motor provides driving torque and power to drive vehicle to output system.First motor provides moment of torsion and carrys out the anti-of balanced engine Moment of torsion, and electromotor is kept in the fast or predetermined speed of zero-turn.When the 3rd scolus in the second lever or input shaft are equipped with unidirectionally During clutch, variator can provide driving torque and power to drive car to output system using the first and second motors simultaneously , improve and accelerate and strengthen power performance.The one-way clutch can prevent electromotor from making opposite direction rotation, and provide anti-twisted Square is balancing the driving torque of the first motor.This allows the first and second motors to provide driving torque for vehicle in a parallel fashion With power.When plug-in hybrid vehicle needs whole driven by power, it is possible to need this operator scheme.
In operation, the multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission can switch between each operational mode.When in two kinds of mixing When switching between operational mode, the second motor is selectively coupled with the second lever with the first or Jing clutch, to constitute two kinds Different dynamic branch system architectures, realizes different dynamic branch patterns..As switching is synchronous, so the first lever The rotating speed of the 4th scolus of rotating speed and the second lever of the 3rd scolus is identical and consistent with the speed of the second motor in switching.For Guarantee the speed sync between the 3rd scolus of the first lever and the 4th scolus of the second lever, the feature tooth of the first lever compares KsWith The feature tooth of two levers compares KaAnd KbIt must is fulfilled for predetermined proportionate relationship.This relation is:
In mode switch points, the moment of torsion of the second motor is zero.Therefore, there is no torsional impact in clutch.This causes defeated Rotating speed, the moment of torsion for entering the rotatable parts such as axle, output system and two motors is continuous, and power-interruption free.
Present invention provides a kind of for designing, the method for making and operating the multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission. Methods described is as follows:
(1) make first planet wheel system；The planet gear transmission system at least includes three coaxial rotating parts, each part pair A scolus on Ying Yusan scolus lever diagrams；Between first and second scolus at a distance of being a linear module, second and the Between three scolus is apart KsIndividual unit length.Make the second planet circular system；The planet circular system is at least coaxial including four Rotary part, each part is corresponding to a scolus on four scolus lever diagrams；First and the 3rd the distance between scolus be KbIt is individual Unit length, second and the 3rd the distance between scolus be KaThe distance between individual unit length, third and fourth scolus are one Individual linear module.The gear ratio design of two planet circular systems need to meet lower example relation
(2) first, second two motors are made, the maximum continuous firing power of every motor is not less than PEM。
(3) design and make maximum transmission power and be not less than PinInput shaft.
(4) design and make an output system；The output system includes at least one drive shaft.
(5) design and make at least one torque transmitter with many nip stations.
(6) connect the fixed component of the first coaxial rotating part of first planet train to variator；Connection first planet Second coaxial rotating part of the second coaxial rotating part to the second planet circular system of train.
(7) connect the first coaxial rotating part of the first motor to the second planet circular system；Connection output system is to the second row Second coaxial rotating part of star wheel series；Threeth coaxial rotating part of the connection input shaft to the second planet circular system, it is electric by second Machine the 3rd coaxial rotating part or the 4th coaxial rotating of the second planet circular system selectively respectively with first planet train Part connects.
(8) variator is operated under at least two hybrid power drive patterns；Passed by least one moment of torsion Delivery device selectively respectively by the second motor connection is to first planet train and disconnects the second planet circular system, or by the second motor It is connected to the second planet circular system and disconnects first planet train；On switching point, when the associated components Jing moments of torsion of planet circular system are passed When delivery device and the second motor connection, its speed can automatically with the second motor synchronous；On switching point, the second planet circular system The rotating ratio of two branches and the 3rd branch is SRb。
(9) first planet train characteristic parameter or feature gear ratio K are selectedsAnd second planet circular system characteristic parameter or spy Levy gear ratio Ka, KbWhich is made to meet following relationship:
(3) beneficial effect
Above-mentioned technical proposal has the advantages that：This New Multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission is reduced to motor Power demand, speed changer structure is simple, compact, cheap；It can realize continual to what is advanced from falling back, stopping Infinitely variable speeds and without the need for starter, can be significantly increased the fuel efficiency of car load.
Description of the drawings
A part of the accompanying drawing for description of the invention：
Fig. 1 is three scolus lever diagrams, represents three branch planet circular systems, and describes three coaxial rotating parts in rotating speed On relation；
Fig. 2 is four scolus lever diagrams, represents four branch planet circular systems, and describes four coaxial rotating parts in rotating speed On relation；
Fig. 3 is that the lever of the preferred implementation (embodiment 1) of multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission of the present invention shows It is intended to, variator is run under the first dynamic branch pattern；
Fig. 4 is that the lever of the preferred implementation (embodiment 1) of multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission of the present invention shows It is intended to, variator is run under second dynamic branch pattern；
Fig. 5 is a change of the preferred implementation (embodiment 1) of multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission of the present invention The lever schematic diagram planted, the embodiment carry optional torque transmitter on the 3rd scolus of the second lever；
Fig. 6 is another change of the preferred implementation (embodiment 1) of multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission of the present invention The lever schematic diagram planted；
Fig. 7 is that the component of the preferred implementation (embodiment 1) of multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission of the present invention shows It is intended to；
Fig. 8 is the component diagram for showing the first nip station of torque transmitter；
Fig. 9 is the component diagram for showing the second nip station of torque transmitter；
Figure 10 is the component diagram for showing the 3rd nip station of torque transmitter；
Figure 11 is the component diagram for showing the 4th nip station of torque transmitter；
Figure 12 is the thick stick of another preferred implementation (embodiment 2) of multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission of the present invention Bar schematic diagram, variator are run under the first dynamic branch pattern；
Figure 13 is the thick stick of another preferred implementation (embodiment 2) of multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission of the present invention Bar schematic diagram, variator are run under second dynamic branch pattern.
Specific embodiment
The embodiments of the present invention, mutation and framework all embody the spirit of the present invention.Hereinafter implement each specific example to use In the explanation present invention, but it is not limited to the scope of the present invention.Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, further describe multi-mode of the present invention The specific embodiment of electromechanical non-stage transmission, but it is not limited to protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is three scolus lever diagrams, represents three branch planet circular systems.The train has circle wheel, planetary wheel carrier and the sun Three coaxial rotating parts of wheel, and respectively represented by three scolus in three scolus lever diagrams.From left to right (or from the right side to It is left), these three scolus are followed successively by the first scolus, the second scolus and the 3rd scolus.The distance between first scolus to the second scolus It is K for the distance between a linear module, second scolus to the 3rd scolussIndividual unit, KsFor gear ring and the number of teeth of sun gear Than.Three scolus levers are by its characteristic parameter, gear ratio KsUniquely determine.
Fig. 2 is four scolus lever diagrams, represents four branch planet circular systems.The train has four coaxial rotating parts, and Respectively represented by four scolus in four scolus lever diagrams.From left to right (or from right to left), this four scolus are followed successively by One scolus, the second scolus, the 3rd scolus and the 4th scolus.The distance between first scolus to the 3rd scolus is KbIndividual unit；The The distance between two scolus to the 3rd scolus are KaIndividual unit, and the distance between the 3rd scolus and the 4th scolus are measured for one Unit.KaAnd KbFor the characteristic parameter of four branch trains, gear ratio is also known as characterized, and fully uniquely determines four scolus levers Characteristic parameter.Parameter KaAnd KbOccurrence and associate the reality of the relation by planet circular system of number of gear teeth with corresponding train Structures shape.
It should be understood that lever diagram is the schematic diagram of a planet circular system, wherein each coaxial rotating part of train by Each scolus of the lever diagram is represented.Lever diagram describes the rotation speed relation between coaxial rotating part to graphically.Ability It is in domain skilled artisan will realize that, when the scolus on a lever diagram is mentioned, it is equivalent to mentioning its lever diagram generation The corresponding train coaxial rotating part of table, vice versa.One of ordinary skill in the art it will also be appreciated that term is such as " coupling ", " connection " and " engagement " is used to represent and fix machine for transmitting torque and mechanokinetic between two or more machineries Tool connects or rotatable engagement (such as by a pair of gears).These terms also be used for represent two or more electronic units it Between be used for transmitting the electrical connection of electric power.Mechanical couplings between each component or part are represented with solid line in being connected to figure.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are that a preferred implementation of multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission of the present invention is (of the invention 1) embodiment, and is represented with lever diagram form.The multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission is by a gear train, input shaft (Input), output system (Output), at least one clutch (CL), the first fixation kit (FM1), and first and second is electric Machine (EM1, EM2) and its driver being connected and controller (without showing) are constituted.The gear train is included by first and First (PG1) and second (PG2) planet circular system that two levers are represented.The first planet train is three branch trains, is had Have first, second and third coaxial rotating part, and respectively by the first scolus (KN of the first lever11), the second scolus (KN12) And the 3rd scolus (KN13) represented.Second planet circular system is four branch trains, with the first, the second, the three and the Four coaxial rotating parts, and respectively by the first, the second, the three and the 4th scolus (KN of the second lever21, KN22, KN23, KN24) institute Represent.The first scolus (KN of first lever (PG1)11) the first fixation kit of connection (FM1), and the second scolus (KN12) then connect Two levers (PG2) second section (KN22).This causes the first lever (PG1) second section (KN12) and the second lever (PG2) second section (KN22) rotating speed it is identical.
First motor (EM1) includes the first rotor and the first stator.With reference to Fig. 3, the rotor of the first motor (EM1) directly and First scolus (the KN of the second planet circular system (PG2)21) coupling.Output shaft (Output) and the first train (PG1) second Point (KN12) and the second scolus (KN of the second train (PG2)22) coupling.The 3rd scolus of input shaft (Input) and the second train (PG2) (KN23) coupling.
Second motor (EM1) includes the second rotor and the second stator.The rotor of the second motor (EM2) passes through the clutch (CL) selectively with the 3rd scolus (KN of the first train (PG1)13) or the 4th scolus (KN of the second train (PG2)24) coupling, or With the 3rd scolus (KN of the first train (PG1)13) and the 4th scolus (KN of the second train (PG2)24) coupling.In other words, the second motor (EM2) can optionally directly with the 4th scolus (KN of the first constant velocity-ratio and the second train (PG2)24) coupling, or indirectly By the first train (PG1) with the second scolus (KN of the second constant velocity-ratio and the second train (PG2)22) coupling.
First and second motors (EM1, the EM2) has respective power electronic drive, to be electrically connected mutually biography Graduating power.The multi-mode electromechanics infinitely variable speeds may also include energy storing device, and such as (BT does not show in figure a set of cells Go out), to store and recover energy.The energy storing device and the first and second motor connections, receive or transfer power to one Individual or multiple motors.
When the second motor (EM2) is coupled with the first train (PG1), at least one clutch (CL) is by the second motor (EM2) with the 3rd scolus (KN of the first train (PG1)13) connection, and by the second motor (EM2) from the second train (PG2) the 4th Point (KN24) disconnect, as shown in Figure 3.Variator is run under the first dynamic branch pattern.Input power from electromotor is divided Output system is sent to into two power transmission chains.Wherein it is purely mechanic power transmission chain (abbreviation mechanical chain) all the way, from input shaft, Jing first And second train (PG1, PG2) the second scolus (KN12, KN22) reach output system (Output).Another road is electromechanical power Chain (abbreviation electric power chain), from input shaft, the second trains of Jing (PG2), the first motor (EM1), the second motor (EM2), at least one Clutch (CL) and the first train (PG1) reach output system (Output).
When the second motor (EM2) is coupled with the second train (PG2), at least one clutch (CL) is by the second motor (EM2) from the 3rd scolus (KN of the first train (PG1)13) disconnect, then by the second motor (EM2) and the second train (PG2) the 4th Scolus (KN24) connection, as shown in Figure 4.Variator is run under the second dynamic branch pattern.Similarly, from the defeated of electromotor Enter power and be divided into two power transmission chains to be sent to output system.Purely mechanic power transmission chain is reached from input shaft, the second trains of Jing (PG2) Output system (Output).Electromechanical power chain from input shaft, the second trains of Jing (PG2) and at least one clutch (CL), to Two motors (EM2), the first motor (EM1) are then return to the second train (PG2), finally reach output system (Output).
For convenience of explanation, the ratio between output system (Output) rotating speed and input shaft (Input) rotating speed is defined as The output of variator-input speed ratio, abbreviation transmission gear ratio is represented by SR.
Embodiment 1 can provide one naturally speed than node SR0 (i.e. transmission gear ratio of the output system for zero-speed) and two Individual non-natural speed is than node SR1 and SR2.In non-natural speed than node, at least one motor is zero-speed.Naturally speed is than node SR0 Whole speed is divided into into forward area and retrograde area：It is the area that moves ahead higher than SR0, is area of driving in the wrong direction less than SR0.First speed compares node Forward zoning is further divided into low regime and high velocity by SR1：It is low regime less than SR1, is high velocity higher than SR1.
In the first speed than on node SR1, when variator is exchanged without net energy with accumulator, the moment of torsion of the second motor EM2 It is zero.Therefore, SR1 is selected to will be helpful to reduce or avoid the moment of torsion of transmission system to rush as dynamic branch mode switch points Hit.Low regime of the speed than below node SR1 is using output dynamic branch mode (i.e. the first dynamic branch pattern)；More than SR1's High velocity, by the way of composite power shunting (i.e. the second dynamic branch pattern)；Retrograde area can adopt pure driven by power.This Sample, either mechanical chain or electric power chain, the power for wherein transmitting are respectively less than the power of input shaft transmission.Multi-mode electromechanics is stepless Variator in the unpowered interior circulation in each fast area, so as to effectively widen the scope of the effective fast ratio of variator.For ensureing In pattern switching speed than each associated splice component speed synchronization of clutch on SR1, should expire between each planet circular system feature gear ratio Sufficient following relationship：
Or
Ks=Kb (4b)
In view of the possibility internal power consumption of motor and associated drive, and the constraint of number of gear teeth, gear ratio is actually cut Change point SRbCan be in the vicinity of SR1.Low regime of the speed than below node SR1 is using output dynamic branch mode；In more than SR1 To high velocity, by the way of composite power shunting；Retrograde area can adopt pure Electric Drive to be prevented effectively from power interior circulation.For Ensure to compare SR in pattern switching speedbThe each associated splice component speed synchronization of upper clutch, under should meeting between each gear ratio Row relation：
A mutation (embodiment 1A) of the Fig. 5 for preferred implementation, increases in former multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission Second fixation kit (FM2) and the second torque transmitter are added.Second torque transmitter is briefly a list To clutch (OWC), selectively by the second fixation kit (FM2) and the 3rd scolus (KN of the second train (PG2)23) connection. The one-way clutch prevents input shaft (Input) from reversely rotating, and wherein under a pure driven by power pattern, is that input shaft is carried For a reaction torque using balance as motor the first motor (EM1) its produce driving torque.
Another mutation (embodiment 1B) of Fig. 6 for preferred implementation, in above-mentioned multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission In again plus the 3rd fixation kit (FM3) and the 3rd torque transmitter.3rd torque transmitter is brake (BR), is had Selectively by the 3rd fixation kit (FM3) and the 4th scolus (KN of the second train (PG2)24) connect or disconnect.
Block diagrams of the Fig. 7 for Fig. 5, the scolus in each lever diagram are replaced by the physical unit of corresponding train respectively. The multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission is by a first planet train (PG1) comprising three coaxial rotating parts, a bag The second planet circular system (PG2) containing four coaxial rotating parts, an input shaft (Input), an output system (Output), First torque transmitter or clutch (CL), the second torque transmitter, the first fixation kit (FM1), and first and Two motors (EM1, EM2) are constituted.The variator can also be comprising connection input shaft (Input) and engine output shaft (ENG) torsional damping arrangement (DMP) and connect the jackshaft system of first and second train and output system (Output) (CTS)。
First train (PG1) includes a sun gear (Ss), a circle wheel (Rs) and one group of planetary gear of a supporting (P) planetary wheel carrier (CRs).Planetary gear (P) surrounds sun gear (Ss) arrangement, with sun gear external toothing, (R is taken turns with circles) in nibble Close.Sun gear (Ss), planetary wheel carrier (CRs) and circle wheel (Rs) for three coaxial rotating parts of the first train (PG1), and respectively For the first scolus (KN of three scolus levers11), the second scolus (KN12) and the 3rd scolus (KN13) represented.First train (PG1) Feature can with circle wheel (Rs) and sun gear (Ss) gear ratio KsCome characterize the gear ratio in three scolus lever diagrams second with The distance between 3rd scolus.
ZSsAnd ZRsIt is the first train (PG1) sun gear (S respectivelys) and circle wheel (Rs) the number of teeth.
Second train is La Weiniao (Ravigneaux) planet circular system.It includes the first sun gear (S1), second The planet of sun gear (S2), circle wheel (R), the first row star-wheel (PS), the second planetary gear (PL) and carrying and supporting first and second The planetary wheel carrier (CR) of wheel (PS, PL).The first row star-wheel is short planetary gear, and the second planetary gear is long planetary gear.Long planetary gear (PL) internal messing and external toothing are made with circle wheel (R) and the first sun gear (S1) respectively；Short planetary gear (PS) respectively with long planetary gear (PL) and the second sun gear (S2) makees external toothing.Second sun gear (S2), circle wheel (R), carrier (CR) and the first sun gear (S1) For four coaxial rotating parts of the second train, respectively by the first scolus (KN of four scolus lever diagrams in lever diagram21), second Scolus (KN22), the 3rd scolus (KN23) and the 4th scolus (KN24) represented.The feature of the second road wheel system two by the train Feature gear ratio KaAnd KbStatement
ZS1, ZS2And ZRIn respectively the second train (PG2), the first sun gear (S1), the second sun gear (S2) and circle wheel (R) the number of teeth.In four scolus lever diagrams, KaAnd KbThe distance between the second, the three scolus and the first, the three is represented respectively The distance between point.
First train and the second train are coaxially arranged, axially adjacent to each other.Circle wheel (the R of the first train (PG1)s) even The first fixation kit (FM1) is connect, in this, first planet train is only as the deceleration train with constant velocity-ratio.First Planetary wheel carrier (the CR of trains) the circle wheel (R) of the second train (PG2) is fixedly connected on, both rotating speeds are identical.
The output system includes the differential mechanism (DIF) of at least one drive shaft or.First torque transmitter (CL) at least two nip stations are included, the torque transmitter also can be combined by the first and second clutches (C1, C2), Each clutch has engagement and released state (or station).First motor EM1 includes the first rotor (RT1) and the first stator (ST1)； Second motor EM2 includes the second rotor (RT2) and the second stator (ST2).Second torque transmitter includes the second fixation kit (FM2) and one one-way clutch (OWC).Jackshaft system (CTS) includes a pair of engaged gears (G1A, G1B) and second pair Meshing gear (G4A, G4B).
The multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission pass through gear train (PG1, PG2) and power part (Input, Output, EM1 and EM2) between unique connection realize multi-mode operation.With reference to Fig. 7, rotor (RT1) connection of the first motor (EM1) the Second sun gear (S2) of two trains (PG2).Two pair meshing gears of the output system (Output) by jackshaft system (CTS) (G4B, G4A and G1B, G1A) connects the planetary wheel carrier (CR of the first train (PG1)s) and the second train (PG2) circle wheel (R)；Its In, differential mechanism (DIF) connects the driven pulley (G4B) of jackshaft system (CTS) second pair of meshing gear, and the first train (PG1) is OK Star wheel frame (CRs) and the second train (PG2) circle wheel (R) connect jackshaft system (CTS) a pair of engaged gears drivewheel (G1A).Electromotor (ENG) drives input shaft (Input) by torsional damping arrangement (DMP).Input shaft (Input) connects simultaneously then The planetary wheel carrier (CR) of the second train is driven, while coupling with the second torquer or one-way clutch (OWC).Wherein, unidirectionally Clutch directly engages the second fixation kit (FM2) to prevent input shaft and electromotor from rotating round about.Second motor (EM2) rotor (RT2) passes through the first torque transmitter (CL) sun gear (S selectively with the first train (PG1)s) or First sun gear (S1) coupling of the second train (PG2).As the second motor (EM2) and the sun gear (S of the first train (PG1)s) During coupling, first clutch (C1) engagement, second clutch (C2) are separated.When the second motor (EM2) and the second train (PG2) When first sun gear (S1) is coupled, first clutch is separated, second clutch (C2) engagement.As can be seen here, the second motor (EM2) Selectively with the first constant velocity-ratio (1:1 speed ratio) couple with first sun gear (S1) of the second train (PG2), or by the One train (PG1), with the second constant velocity-ratio ((Ks+1):1 speed ratio) couple with the circle wheel (R) of the second train (PG2).
First and second torque transmitters (CL, OWC) and the first and second planet circular system arranged in co-axial alignment.That is, First train (PG1), the second train (PG2), the first torque transmitter (CL) and the second torque transmitter (OWC) are all same On one rotation axiss.Additionally, the first torque transmitter (CL) and first and second train (PG1, PG2) are coaxial, two are placed in Between the space included by individual motor (EM1, EM2), this provides very big advantage for reducing package dimension.
First torque transmitter (CL) also further can be collected with brake (BR) and the 3rd fixation kit (FM3) Into making integrated design.Such integrated torque transmitter includes four nip stations, as shown in Fig. 8 to 11.Described one Body torque transmitter (CL) is by first clutch component (C1), second clutch component (C2), the 3rd clutch pack , and a collar (SL) is constituted (BR).Sun gear (the S of first clutch component (C1) and the first train (PG1)s) fixed company Connect, second clutch component (C2) is fixedly connected with first sun gear (S1) of the second train (PG2), and the 3rd clutch pack (BR) then it is fixed on the 3rd fixation kit (FM3).The collar (SL) passes through a pair of meshing spline (SPi, SPo) the second motor of connection (EM2) armature spindle (RTS).External splines (the SP of mesh splineso) it is fixed on armature spindle (RTS), and internal spline (SPi) be fixed on The collar (SL).Under instruction, actuator (not shown) makes internal spline (SPi) axially in external splines (SPo) on move forward and backward.
Fig. 8 is the first nip station of the first torque transmitter, and its collar (SL) is only and first clutch component (C1) Engagement.In this case, armature spindle (RTS) and the second motor (EM2) rotor (RT2) are coupled to the first train (PG1) Sun gear (Ss).Now, variator is run under the first dynamic branch pattern.
Fig. 9 is the second nip station of the first torque transmitter, the collar (SL) therein and first and second clutch Component (C1, C2) is engaged.In this case, armature spindle (RTS) and the second motor (EM2) rotor (RT2) and the first train (PG1) sun gear (Ss) and the second train (PG2) the first sun gear (S1) engagement.Variator compares mould in the first fixed rotating speed Run under formula.
Figure 10 is the 3rd nip station of the first torque transmitter, the collar (SL) therein only with second clutch component (C2) engage.In this case, the of armature spindle (RTS) and the second motor (EM2) rotor (RT2) and the second train (PG2) One sun gear (S1) is engaged.Variator is run under the second dynamic branch pattern.
Figure 11 is the 4th nip station of the first torque transmitter, the collar (SL) therein and second and third clutch Component (C2, BR) is engaged.In this case, armature spindle (RTS), the second motor (EM2) rotor (RT2) and the second train (PG2) the first sun gear (S1) is fixed on the 3rd fixation kit (FM3).Variator is in the case where the second fixed rotating speed is than pattern Operation.
Four nip stations of first torque transmitter are axially disposed, and adjacent to each other.When using engagement type When clutch such as tooth engagement clutch or dog-clutch, structure can be made to become closely.
The operation of multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission of the present invention is described below.
Buncher is operated
1. low speed compares area
Before vehicle launch, variator is arranged to the operation of low speed area.Second motor (EM2) passes through at least one clutch (CL) couple to obtain leverage torque multiplication to drive output system (Output) with the first train (PG1).First motor (EM1) no-load running state is in, its steering is contrary with engine output shaft (Input).Second motor (EM2) rotating speed at the moment It is zero.During vehicle launch, controller transmits commands to motor-drive circuit.Needed for drive circuit is provided to the second motor (EM2) Electric power is producing driving torque.The first trains of the driving torque Jing (PG1) of generation amplifies, and is delivered to output system (Output).In vehicle launch at that moment, in addition to inappreciable internal power losses, the second motor EM2 will will not appoint What effectively electric energy is converted into mechanical energy.As vehicle is still in dead states, there is no demand to driving power, but driving wheel is had Driving torque demand.Start the driving torque of vehicle essentially from the second motor (EM2).Electromotor provides zero start torsion for vehicle Square, so electromotor does not have effective power to export.With motor (ME2) moment of torsion increase, vehicle by static to movement, and accelerate before Enter.Then, the second motor (EM2) starts to rotate, and consumption electric power simultaneously converts thereof into required mechanical driving power.Meanwhile, send out Motivation starts to provide driving torque to driving wheel.Correspondingly, the first motor (EM1) provides reaction torque with balanced engine moment of torsion, Additionally, the first motor (EM1) rotating speed is gradually reduced the speed to adapt to increase.In the process, the first motor (EM1) serves as and sends out Mechanical energy is converted into electric energy by motor.The electric power that second motor (EM2) is consumed completely or partially is passed through by the first motor (EM1) Power electronic drive and controller (CTRL, not shown) are provided.After vehicle launch, the driving torque of driving wheel is by electromotor Shared with the second motor (EM2) jointly, reduce the moment of torsion of the second motor (EM2).
As car speed increases, the rotating speed of the second motor (EM2) increases, and moment of torsion is persistently reduced.Conversely, the first motor (EM1) rotating speed continuous decrease, until zero.When the first motor (EM1) reaches point of zero velocity, variator is in the first non-natural speed Than node SR1.Such as no net exchange of electric power between variator and energy storing device, the second motor (EM2) is with regard to reaching zero moment of torsion Point.That is, zero torque point (speed corresponding with zero moment of torsion is than node) and the first motor (EM1) of the second motor (EM2) Point of zero velocity (with the zero-turn corresponding speed of speed than node) be consistent.
2. high ratio area
First speed indicates low speed than the transition between area and high ratio area than node SR1.In operational mode switching point, the Two motors (EM2) moment of torsion is zero, and the second motor (EM2), the 3rd scolus (KN of the first train (PG1)13) and the second train (PG2) 4th scolus (KN24) speed sync.At this moment, at least one clutch (CL) by the second motor (EM2) from the first train (PG1) the 3rd scolus (KN13) separate, by the second motor (EM2) and the 4th scolus (KN of the second train (PG2)24) connection, make change Fast device is run under composite power shunt mode.
As car speed increases, transmission gear ratio increases and surmounts the first non-natural speed than node SR1.First motor (EM1) rotating speed follows the direction of rotation lifting of input shaft (Input) by zero, persistently.Under second motor (EM2) rotating speed starts Drop.If no net exchange of electric power between variator and energy storing device, the moment of torsion of the second motor (EM2) should be opened by zero Begin, make reversely to increase on value.Now, the second motor (EM2) becomes electromotor, is the first motor (EM1) and/or energy Storage device provides electric energy.And the first motor (EM1) serves as motor, mechanical energy is converted electrical energy into.
The further increase of escort vehicle speed, the rotating speed continuous decrease of the second motor (EM2) is to zero point.Variator is reached Its second speed is than node SR2.Than node, the power transmitted by electromechanical power chain is zero to here speed；Dynamic Jing is purely mechanic for institute Power transmission chain, is delivered to output system (Output) by input shaft (Input).
Variator the first speed than node SR1 and the second speed than between node SR2, dynamic branch ratio is PR (i.e. Jing machines The ratio of total engine power that the power transmitted by electronic riding chain is transmitted with Jing input shafts (Input)), with a local most It is big to be worth.Maximum depends on the feature gear ratio of four branch planet circular systems (second train).If variator is maximum defeated Enter power for Pin, it is P that the maximum of motor continues rated powerem, persistently rated power is maximum defeated with variator for the maximum of motor The power ratio for entering power can be expressed as PRmax=Pem/Pin.In order that having between the size of motor, electromotor and speed changer structure Appropriate matching, so that variator can be in the first and second non-natural speed than continuing between node and suitably running, four points The characteristic parameter of branch planet circular system should meet following relationship:
Positioned at or near the second speed is than node SR2, the first motor (EM1) moment of torsion can change direction.With the speed of variator Than continuing to increase, the speed of the first motor (EM1) continues to increase；Meanwhile, the speed of the second motor (EM2) is made by zero reversely Increase.Occur excessive power interior circulation far above the second speed than variator during node SR2 for avoiding the speed when variator from comparing, must When wanting, variator can be with brake braking the 4th scolus (KN of the second train (PG2)24)。
3. drive in the wrong direction area
Naturally area of the speed than below node SR0 is referred to as area of driving in the wrong direction.In area of driving in the wrong direction, output dynamic branch pattern is equally fitted With.Second motor (EM2) is connected by least one clutch (CL) with the first train (PG1), and by the second motor (EM2) Separate from the second train (PG2).The second scolus (KN that power is fastened by first and second wheel12, KN22) it is delivered to output system (Output)。
Pure electric drive operation
For limiting the power (power) of electric power chain transmission and the power ratio of input shaft input power, it is to avoid power interior circulation, Retrograde area can adopt pure driven by power pattern.Under pure driven by power pattern, electromotor is shut down.In the control of controller (CTRL) Under, the electric energy in accumulator (BT) is converted into mechanical energy by the second motor (EM2), is that output system (Output) provides driving torsion Square.The driving torque of the second motor (EM2) before output system (Output) is delivered to first passes around the first train (PG1) and enters Row moment of torsion amplifies.
Pure electric drive mode is equally applicable to the area that moves ahead.Furthermore, it is possible to there is multiple pure driven by power patterns.First pure electric power Drive pattern is substantially same as described above, is the reverse direction operation of the pure driven by power pattern.In this electric model, the One torque transmitter (CL) connects the second motor (EM2) and the first train (PG1), and by the second motor (EM2) from the second wheel System (PG2) disconnects.Second motor (EM2) provides driving force by the first train (PG1) to vehicle.First train (PG1) is the The moment of torsion of two motors (EM2) provides a Ks+ 1 lever amplification coefficient.
Second pure driven by power pattern requires first, second two motor integrations of operation, is that anxious acceleration or climb very steep slopes are provided More powerful power.Similar to the first pure driven by power pattern, the first torque transmitter (CL) connect the second motor (EM2) with First train (PG1), and the second motor (EM2) is disconnected from the second train (PG2).Partial power is by the first motor (EM1) the second trains of Jing (PG2) are provided.With reference to Fig. 5 to 7, one-way clutch (OWC) prevents input shaft (Input) from making and starting The rotation in opposite direction of machine normal rotation.Therefore reaction torque can be provided to go to balance the driving torque of the first motor (EM1).Second wheel System (PG2) provides a K for the moment of torsion of the first motor (EM1)b/KaLever amplification coefficient.The power of another part is by The first trains of two motors (EM2) Jing (PG1) is provided.First train (PG1) provides a K for the moment of torsion of the second motor (EM2)s + 1 lever amplification coefficient.
Neutral and park
The multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission can provide more practical and useful function, including neutral and parking.When At least one clutch (CL) is separated with the first and second trains, and the first motor (EM1) is closed or in idle machine shape State, variator are at neutral.In addition, being closed or in idle machine state, speed change when first and second motor (EM1, EM2) is same Device is also in neutral.
Park and can be engaged with the first and second trains by least one clutch (CL) will be stated, and while engage brake (BR) realizing.Additionally, park can also be come by the traditional parking lever system (PBR, without display) installed in the transmission Realize.
Fixed speed ratio is operated
The multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission of the present invention can be run than under in fixed output-input speed.Fixed speed ratio is provided Operational mode is the acceleration of such as pulling and climb for the demand for meeting special applications.Fixed speed ratio operational circumstances such as following table row.
Above-mentioned first and second fixed speed ratio is actually the first and second non-natural speed of variator and compares node.Above Chapters and sections have been described for how to realize that region carries out the mode that steady and continuous change runs between adjacent fixed speed ratio point.Cause This, it is possible to achieve when switching between the first and second fixed speed ratio points, power failure-free.Additionally, in each fixed speed ratio On point, one or two motor (EM1, EM2) can be used as motor or electromotor, provide dynamic for parallel oil-electricity hybrid power system Power is aided in or regenerative braking function.Which enhance power and the performance of Vehicular system.
Torque transmitter can be any kind of machinery, hydraulic machine, or electromagnetic clutch, brake or clutch With the combination of brake.Because the engagement of torque transmitter with separate natural synchronous situation (i.e. all associated components turn Speed is substantially identical) under realize, it is only necessary to just use simple clutch, such as engagement type conjunction clutch or dog-clutch, Without the need for just with more complicated and expensive slip clutch.This eliminates the commonly required hydraulic system of wet friction clutch, So as to significantly reduce variator internal power consumption.
Other modes of operation
Embodiment 1 and its mutation (embodiment 1A, embodiment 1B) also start the function of electromotor.Startup is started Machine by a complete independently in two motors, or can be completed by two motor cooperations.For example, when variator is in neutral, send out Motivation can be started by two motor cooperations.And work as variator in pure driven by power operator scheme, electromotor can be by the first motor (EM1) start.
When accumulator (BT) is used in combination with multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission, buncher can not only provide speed change Function, can also provide power adjustment function, realize that so-called hybrid power drives.Working condition is driven in electromechanical mixing dynamic force In, the power (electric power) transmitted between two motors is not required to keep balance.The electric energy that one motor is produced may be more than or Less than the electric energy consumed by another motor.Now, the speed zero point of a motor no longer corresponds to the moment of torsion zero of another motor Point.The position of the transmission gear ratio corresponding to Motor torque zero point can occur with the power transmitted between two motors is uneven Change, but the transmission gear ratio node location corresponding to motor speed zero point is constant, it is not dynamic by what is transmitted between two motors Force unbalance is affected.
When having net exchange of electric power between variator electric power chain and accumulator, motor need to fulfil speed-ratio regulation and power adjustment Two responsibilities.So, the power ratio of motor can not be less than peak power split ratio and the product of transmission input shaft rated power.
Levers of the Figure 12 for another preferred implementation of multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission of the present invention (embodiment 2) Schematic diagram.With reference to Figure 12, the multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission is made up of a gear train, and the gear train is included by the One and second first (PG1) that represent of lever and second (PG2) planet circular system, input shaft (Input), output system (Output), at least one clutch (CL), the first fixation kit (FM1), and first, second motor (EM1, EM2) and its phase The driver of connection and controller (without showing).The first planet train is three branch trains, with first, second and third Coaxial rotating part, respectively with the first scolus (KN of the first lever11), the second scolus (KN12) and the 3rd scolus (KN13) represent. First lever is by its characteristic parameter, i.e., corresponding first train feature gear ratio KS1Uniquely determine.Second planet circular system is also For three branch trains, with first, second and third coaxial rotating part, respectively with the first scolus (KN of the second lever21), the Two scolus (KN22) and the 3rd scolus (KN23) represented.Second lever is by its characteristic parameter, i.e., the corresponding second train feature number of teeth Compare KS2Uniquely determine.The first scolus (KN of first lever (PG1)11) the first fixation kit of connection (FM1), the second scolus (KN12) even Meet the second lever (PG2) second section (KN22).This causes the first lever (PG1) second section (KN12) and the second lever (PG2) second Section (KN22) rotating speed it is identical.
First motor (EM1) includes the first rotor and the first stator.The rotor of the first motor (EM1) is directly with described second First scolus (KN of planet circular system (PG2)21) coupling.Output shaft (Output) and the second scolus (KN of the first train (PG1)12) And second the second scolus (KN of train (PG2)22) coupling.The 3rd scolus (KN of input shaft (Input) and the second train (PG2)23) coupling Close.
Second motor (EM1) includes the second rotor and the second stator.The rotor of the second motor (EM2) passes through the clutch (CL) selectively with the 3rd scolus (KN of the first train (PG1)13) or the 3rd scolus (KN of the second train (PG2)23) coupling, or Simultaneously with the 3rd scolus (KN of the first train (PG1)13) and the 3rd scolus (KN of the second train (PG2)23) coupling.In other words, second Motor (EM2) is optionally directly with the first constant velocity-ratio (1：1 ratio) and the 3rd scolus (KN of the second train23) coupling, or Ground connection is by the first train (PG1) with the second constant velocity-ratio and second train the second scolus (KN22) coupling, here, first Constant speed ratio is different from the second constant speed ratio.
First and second motors (EM1, the EM2) has respective driver or power electronics drive circuit.They with Energy storing device is electrically connected to, such as a set of cells (BT, not shown in figure), to receive or transfer power to energy Amount storage device.
When the second motor (EM2) is coupled with the first train (PG1), at least one clutch (CL) is by the second motor (EM2) with the 3rd scolus (KN of the first train (PG1)13) connection, and by the second motor (EM2) from the second train (PG2) the 3rd Point (KN23) disconnect, as shown in figure 12.Variator is run under the first dynamic branch pattern.From the input power quilt of electromotor It is divided into two power transmission chains of two-way Jing and is sent to output system.Wherein it is purely mechanic power transmission chain all the way, from input shaft, Jing first and Second scolus (KN of two trains (PG1, PG2)12, KN22) reach output system (Output).Another road is electromechanical power chain, from Input shaft, the second trains of Jing (PG2), the first motor (EM1), the second motor (EM2), at least one clutch (CL) and the first round System (PG1) reaches output system (Output).
When the second motor (EM2) is coupled with the second train (PG2), at least one clutch (CL) is by the second motor (EM2) from the 3rd scolus (KN of the first train (PG1)13) disconnect, then by the second motor (EM2) and the second train (PG2) the 3rd Scolus (KN23) connection, as shown in figure 13.Variator is run under another kind of dynamic branch pattern.Similarly, from electromotor Input power is divided into two power transmission chains of two-way Jing and is sent to output system (Output).Purely mechanic power transmission chain is from input shaft (Input), the second trains of Jing (PG2) reach output system (Output)；Electromechanical power chain is from input shaft (Input), Jing second Train (PG2), at least one clutch (CL), the second motor (EM1), the first motor (EM2) return to the second train (PG2), most Output system (Output) is reached afterwards.
Second embodiment (embodiment 2) can provide one naturally speed than node SR0, even if output system speed is zero Speed than node, and one it is non-natural speed than node SR1.In non-natural speed than, on node, at least one motor speed is zero.From So whole speed is divided into forward area and retrograde area than node SR0 by speed.Higher than naturally speed than node be move ahead area；Less than nature Speed is area of driving in the wrong direction than node.First it is non-natural speed than node SR1, also referred to as the first speed than point, further by forward zoning It is divided into low regime and high velocity.Less than the first speed than node SR1 be low regime, higher than first speed than point SR1 is high velocity.
In the first speed than on node SR1, if variator is exchanged without net energy with accumulator, the second motor (EM2) Moment of torsion is zero.Therefore, SR1 is selected to will be helpful to reduce or avoid the moment of torsion of transmission system as dynamic branch mode switch points Impact.Low regime of the speed than below node SR1 is using output dynamic branch mode.The high velocity of more than SR1, using input power The mode of shunting.Retrograde area can adopt pure driven by power.So, either mechanical chain or electric power chain, the power for wherein transmitting Respectively less than input shaft is transferred to the power of output system.Multi-mode transmission in the unpowered interior circulation in each fast area, so as to have The scope of the effective fast ratio of variator has been widened effect.For ensureing in pattern switching speed than each dependent part of clutch on SR1 (CL) Part synchronization, should meet following relationship between each train feature gear ratio：
KS1=KS2 (9)
In view of the possibility internal power consumption of motor and associated drive, and the constraint of number of gear teeth, the actual switching of fast ratio Point SRbCan be in the vicinity of SR1.For ensureing to compare SR in pattern switching speedbThe each associated components synchronization of upper clutch, each train tooth Number than between should meet following relationship：
One basic feature of all embodiments and its mutation is:First motor (EM1), input shaft (Input) and defeated Go out system (Output) each with constant speed than scolus couplings different from of the second train (PG2) respectively.All enforcements Another basic feature of mode and its mutation is:There is a scolus to couple a fixation of variator in first train (PG1) Component (FM1).Additionally, all embodiments and its mutation also have a basic feature, that is,:Second motor (EM2) has choosing A scolus of the second train (PG2) is connected or with the second wheel of the second constant velocity-ratio connection with the first constant velocity-ratio respectively selecting property Another scolus of system (PG2).Further, yet another basic feature of all embodiments and mutation is:Second motor (EM2) Selectively connect the first train (PG1) and the second train (PG2) respectively.
It is not difficult to find out, variator of the present invention can be run in a plurality of modes.Wherein, including two dynamic branch Pattern and two fixed speed ratio patterns.These operational modes simply can selectively couple speed change by by the second motor (EM2) The different parts or/and component of device are realizing.
The basic step for designing and manufacturing multi-mode motor buncher of the present invention includes：Build one to have extremely The planet circular system of few three branches；One input shaft of design and manufacture, an output system, the first motor and the second motor；Respectively At least three branches of planet circular system are connected to into the first motor, output system and input shaft；Selectively by the second motor with First constant velocity-ratio is connected to a branch of the planet circular system and is connected to the another of the train with the second constant velocity-ratio Branch.
When gear train is set up with four branch planet circular systems, in order that the gear train set up out has practicality, Can be used in constructing multi-mode motor buncher and meeting required function characteristic requirements, it is necessary to special to four branch planet circular systems Levy parameter and enter row constraint.Above inequality (8) is given and is matched the constraints for considering based on motor power (power).It is practical In, it is proposed that when the design of four branch trains is carried out and parameter chooses, it is ensured that its characteristic parameter meets：
In addition, from the angle of limiting motor rotating speed, particularly in high velocity, it is proposed that
Kb≤2 (12)
It should be noted that the motor described in description of the invention is the general designation of motor and electromotor, it can be Motor can also be electromotor.
Industrial applicibility
Each parts in above-described embodiment can be obtained by conventional industrially preparing process, obtain many so as to assembled Pattern electromechanical non-stage transmission.The variator can work under at least two different shunt modes, effectively overcome dynamic Power interior circulation, with higher transmission efficiency, output-input speed ratio and power can be carried out in the wider scope it is continuous and Independent regulation, so that greatly widened effective ratio coverage of variator.This New Multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission The power demand to motor is reduced, speed changer structure is simple, compact, cheap；They can realize from fall back, stop to Advance continual infinitely variable speeds and without the need for starter, the fuel efficiency of car load can be significantly increased.

Claims (24)

1. a kind of multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission, including a gear train, an input shaft, an output system, first, The second two motors and at least one torque transmitters；It is characterized in that：
The gear train includes at least one planet circular system, and planet circular system at least has first, second and third these three Coaxial rotating part；
The output system includes at least one drive shaft；
First motor connects the first coaxial rotating part of at least one planet circular system with constant velocity-ratio；
The output system connects the second coaxial rotating part of at least one planet circular system with constant velocity-ratio；
The input shaft connects the 3rd coaxial rotating part of at least one planet circular system with constant velocity-ratio；
Second motor optionally through at least one torque transmitter with the first constant velocity-ratio connection described in extremely One coaxial rotating part of a few planet circular system, and the another of at least one planet circular system is connected with the second constant velocity-ratio One coaxial rotary part, the first constant velocity-ratio are different from the second constant velocity-ratio.
2. multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The gear train also includes another One planet circular system；Second motor is selectively with one of at least one planet circular system described in the first constant velocity-ratio direct-coupling Coaxial rotating part, or with the second constant velocity-ratio by least one planetary gear described in described another planet circular system INDIRECT COUPLING Another coaxial rotating part of system；First and second constant speed is than being different.
3. multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：At least one planet circular system is four Branch planet circular system, with a first coaxial rotating part, a second coaxial rotating part, a 3rd coaxial rotating portion Part and a 4th coaxial rotating part；Second motor is selectively with four branch planets described in the first constant velocity-ratio direct-coupling 4th coaxial rotating part of train, or with the second constant velocity-ratio by four points described in described another planet circular system INDIRECT COUPLING Second coaxial rotating part of branch planet circular system；First and second constant velocity-ratio is different.
4. multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The variator also includes one First fixation kit；Described another planet circular system is three branch planet circular systems, with a first coaxial rotating part, one Second coaxial rotating part and a 3rd coaxial rotating part；First coaxial rotating part coupling of the three branches planet circular system Close the first fixation kit；Second coaxial rotating part of three branch planet circular systems couples the second coaxial rotation of four branch planet circular systems Rotation member；Second motor selectively couples the 3rd coaxial rotating part or four branch planetary gears of three branch planet circular systems respectively 4th coaxial rotating part of system.
5. multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The variator also includes one Second torque transmitter and second fixation kit；Second torque transmitter is conditionally by input shaft and four branch rows 3rd coaxial rotating part of star wheel series is coupled to the second fixation kit.
6. multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The variator also includes one 3rd torque transmitter and the 3rd fixation kit；3rd torque transmitter is selectively by four branch planet circular systems 4th coaxial rotating part is coupled to the 3rd fixation kit.
7. multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：First torque transmitter is one The individual tooth engaged clutch with least two nip stations；It is described at least one that second torque transmitter is an energy Planet circular system provides reaction torque and prevents the one-way clutch of input shaft reverse rotation.
8. multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The motor maximum-continuous rating (MCR) For Pem, input shaft maximal input is Pin；The four branches planet circular system can be represented with four scolus lever diagrams, thick stick In bar figure, the distance of the first scolus to the 3rd scolus is KbIndividual unit, the distance of the second scolus to the 3rd scolus is KaIndividual unit, the The distance of three scolus to the 4th scolus is 1 unit；The characteristic parameter K of the four branches planet circular systema, KbMeet following relationship：
K b ( K a + 1 ) K b - K a ≤ ( 1 + P e m / P i n 1 - P e m / P i n ) 2 .
9. multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：Described another planet circular system is Three branch planet circular systems, it is possible to represented with three scolus lever diagrams；The distance of the first scolus to the second scolus in lever diagram For 1 unit；The distance of the second scolus to the 3rd scolus is KsIndividual unit；The characteristic parameter K of the three branches planet circular systemsWith The characteristic parameter K of the four branches planet circular systema, KbMeet following one of relation：
K s = K a + 1 K b - K a Or
Ks=Kb。
10. multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：At least one planetary gear System and described another planet circular system are arranged on same axis, and adjacent to each other in axial direction.
11. multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmissions according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：The four branches planet circular system Characteristic parameter KaAnd KbMeet following relationship,
K b ( K a + 1 ) K b - K a ≤ 2.75 ;
Kb≤2。
12. multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmissions according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：At least one moment of torsion is passed Delivery device has at least four nip stations；The nip station be it is axially disposed, and adjacent to each other.
The method of a kind of 13. designs, making and operation multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission includes:
One gear train with the first and second planet circular systems of design and making, each planet circular system include at least three Coaxial rotating part, is referred to as the first, the second and the three coaxial rotating part；
One input shaft of design and making, an output system, first motor, second motor, one first fixation Component and first torque transmitter；
First coaxial rotating part of coupling first planet train is to the first fixation kit；
Second coaxial rotating part of the second coaxial rotating part to the second planet circular system of coupling first planet train；
The first coaxial rotating part of the second planet circular system is coupled to the first motor；
The second coaxial rotating part of the second planet circular system is coupled to output system；
The 3rd coaxial rotating part of the second planet circular system is coupled to input shaft；
Second motor is selectively coupled to respectively a same axle portion of first planet train by the first torque transmitter One coaxial rotating part of part or the second planet circular system；
According to predetermined output-input speed multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission more described than operation so as to different at least two Dynamic branch pattern under run.
14. methods for designing according to claim 13, making and operate multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission, is characterized in that： The first planet train can with one have at least three scolus the first lever diagram represent, first in the first lever diagram O'clock to the second scolus distance be 1 unit；The distance of the second scolus to the 3rd scolus is KsIndividual unit；Second planetary gear Available second lever diagram with least four scolus of system is represented；The first scolus in second lever diagram is to the 3rd scolus Distance is KbIndividual unit, the distance of the second scolus to the 3rd scolus is KaIndividual unit, the distance of the 3rd scolus to the 4th scolus is 1 Individual unit；The output-input predetermined speed ratios SRbIt is defined as
SR b = K a + 1 K a ( K s + 1 ) + 1 .
15. methods for designing according to claim 13, making and operate multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission, is characterized in that： The first planet train with one have at least three scolus the first lever diagram represent, the first scolus in the first lever diagram Distance to the second scolus is 1 unit, and the distance of the second scolus to the 3rd scolus is KS1Individual unit；Second planet circular system With represented by the second lever diagram with least three scolus；The first scolus in second lever diagram to the distance of the second scolus is 1 unit, the distance of the second scolus to the 3rd scolus is KS2Individual unit；Predetermined output-input the speed compares SRbIt is defined as
SR b = 1 1 + K S 1 .
16. methods for designing according to claim 13, making and operate multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission, is characterized in that： Design and the second planet circular system of making are with including the 4th coaxial rotating part；It is electric by second optionally through the first torquer Machine is coupled to the 3rd coaxial elements of first planet train or the 4th coaxial rotating part of the second planet circular system.
17. methods for designing according to claim 13, making and operate multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission, is characterized in that： The second motor is coupled to the 3rd coaxial elements or second planet of first planet train optionally through the first torquer 3rd coaxial rotating part of train.
18. methods for designing according to claim 13, making and operate multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission, is characterized in that： Methods described is additionally included in coaxially arranged the first, the second planet circular system and first moment of torsion transmission on same rotation axiss Device；Coaxially arranged first and second motor on the same rotation axiss.
19. methods for designing according to claim 13, making and operate multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission, is characterized in that： Design and make the first torque transmitter to provide at least four nip stations being adjacently positioned along the same axis.
A kind of 20. multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmissions, including a gear train, an input shaft, an output system, First, the second two motors, at least one torque transmitters and at least one fixation kits；
The gear train includes the first and second planet circular systems, and each planet circular system has at least three coaxial rotating parts；The One coaxial rotating part of one planet circular system is coupled to the fixation kit, another coaxial rotating portion of first planet train Part is coupled to a coaxial rotating part of the second planet circular system；
The output system includes at least one drive shaft；
First motor is connected to second planet circular system the first coaxial rotating part with constant velocity-ratio；
The output system is connected to second planet circular system the second coaxial rotating part with constant velocity-ratio；
The input shaft is connected to the 3rd coaxial rotating part of the second planet circular system with constant velocity-ratio；
Second motor is connected to second optionally through at least one torque transmitter with the first constant velocity-ratio One coaxial elements of planet circular system, or the another of the second planet circular system is connected to the second constant velocity-ratio by first planet train One coaxial elements, first constant velocity-ratio are different from the second constant speed.
21. multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmissions according to claim 20, it is characterised in that：Second planet circular system includes one Individual first, one second, the 3rd and a 4th coaxial rotating part；First coaxial rotating part of first planet train Fixation kit is coupled to, the second coaxial rotating part of first planet train is coupled to the second coaxial rotating of the second planet circular system Part；It is same that second motor is selectively connected respectively to first planet train the 3rd by least one torque transmitter Axle portion part, or the 4th coaxial elements of the second planet circular system.
22. multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmissions according to claim 20, it is characterised in that：The variator includes one Second torque transmitter；Described first and second planet circular system, described first and second torque transmitter, and described first And second motor be arranged on same rotation axiss；First and second planet circular systems are axially arranged adjacent to each other；First Torque transmitter, and first and second planet circular system is clipped in the space limited between two motors.
23. multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmissions according to claim 20, it is characterised in that：At least one moment of torsion is passed Delivery device has at least four nip stations；In the first nip station, the second motor is coupled to by the torque transmitter One coaxial rotating part of one planet circular system；In the second nip station, the second motor is coupled to by the torque transmitter One coaxial rotating part of first and second planet circular system；In the 3rd nip station, the torque transmitter is electric by second Machine is coupled to a coaxial rotating part of the second planet circular system；In the 4th nip station, the torque transmitter is by second Motor is coupled to a coaxial rotating part and another fixation kit of variator of the second planet circular system.
24. multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmissions according to claim 20, it is characterised in that：The variator can be various Run under pattern, including two dynamic branch patterns and two fixed speed ratio patterns, the operational mode can be by there is selection Second motor is coupled to the different coaxial rotating part of planet circular system by ground, or gear train coaxial rotating part is coupled to institute State the fixation kit of variator to realize.
CN201580020450.XA 2015-04-23 2015-05-15 Multi-mode electromechanical non-stage transmission device and control method Expired - Fee Related CN106536980B (en)

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US14/694,881 US10077823B2 (en) 2007-12-04 2015-04-23 Multimode electromechanical variable speed transmission apparatus and method of control
US14/694881 2015-04-23
PCT/CN2015/079062 WO2016169075A1 (en) 2015-04-23 2015-05-15 Multimode electromechanical variable speed transmission apparatus and method of control

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JP6535414B2 (en) 2019-06-26
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