CN106534273B - Block chain metadata storage system and storage method and retrieval method thereof - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/50—Network services
- H04L67/56—Provisioning of proxy services
- H04L67/565—Conversion or adaptation of application format or content
- H04L67/5651—Reducing the amount or size of exchanged application data
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/60—Protecting data
- G06F21/602—Providing cryptographic facilities or services
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0602—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems specifically adapted to achieve a particular effect
- G06F3/0604—Improving or facilitating administration, e.g. storage management
- G06F3/0607—Improving or facilitating administration, e.g. storage management by facilitating the process of upgrading existing storage systems, e.g. for improving compatibility between host and storage device
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
- G06F3/0638—Organizing or formatting or addressing of data
- G06F3/0644—Management of space entities, e.g. partitions, extents, pools
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0668—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems adopting a particular infrastructure
- G06F3/067—Distributed or networked storage systems, e.g. storage area networks [SAN], network attached storage [NAS]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/1097—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for distributed storage of data in networks, e.g. transport arrangements for network file system [NFS], storage area networks [SAN] or network attached storage [NAS]
Abstract
The invention discloses a block chain metadata storage system and a storage and retrieval method thereof, wherein the storage and retrieval method comprises the following steps: at least one main node and a plurality of auxiliary nodes which are respectively connected with the Internet and are constructed into a distributed shared network through a block chain. The master node includes: the data receiving module is used for receiving source data from the outside; the distributed storage module is connected with the data receiving module and is used for performing distributed storage on the source data; the dimension reduction and preservation module is connected with the distributed storage module and is used for carrying out dimension reduction operation on the source data to form metadata and then carrying out preservation operation on the metadata to form a data fingerprint; and the data storage module is connected with the dimension reduction and preservation module and used for writing the data fingerprints into the block chains and performing overall network release by utilizing the consensus process of the block chains. The secondary node comprises: and the data consensus module is used for receiving and storing the data fingerprints issued by the blockchain so as to complete the consensus process of the blockchain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of data storage and retrieval, in particular to a metadata storage system and a metadata storage and retrieval method.
Background
The blockchain is a decentralized and distrusted reliable database which is maintained in a collective mode, the distributed network is an infrastructure of the blockchain, data generated on each node is broadcast to other nodes through the distributed network, and the other nodes verify the authenticity of the data through workload certification. The distributed network is a precondition for ensuring the characteristics of decentralization, non-falsification and traceability of the block chain, and in the bit currency network, just because of verification nodes distributed in the world, the workload certification mechanism of the bit currency is approved, and people can also recognize the value of the block chain.
The distributed network is the basis of the block chain, and each node connected in the distributed network stores the same data transaction record, namely, the 'local account' with the same record of each node is the most main characteristic of the block chain, and the data must be synchronized to each node at any time to ensure the consistency of the data in order to ensure the 'local account' of the whole network. However, in an actual application system, service data may be very huge, especially including video and audio data, tens of megabytes to a short time, and even hundreds of megabytes to a long time, such huge data is transmitted in a network, the requirement on bandwidth is very high, and such large data in the whole network is converged into a "local account", such an account book may be very huge, and it is difficult for a single node to ensure that there is sufficient storage capacity for storage. Even in the existing bitcoin network, the capacity of the account book still reaches more than 4G after optimization, and the capacity of the account book is continuously expanded along with the process of mining, if one common PC needs to download the whole account book for dozens of hours, the user experience is seriously influenced, which not only poses great challenges to popularization and promotion of the block chain, but also makes the application condition of the block chain on a commercial system more severe.
Data retrieval corresponds to data storage, and how to quickly retrieve huge 'one book account' data also faces serious challenges in a block chain distributed network.
Therefore, it is an urgent need in the industry to provide a method and system for storing and retrieving metadata with high capacity on a block chain.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a block chain metadata storage system, a storage method and a retrieval method thereof, which not only can introduce a distributed storage system to store big data, but also can store the data into a block chain after dimensionality reduction, thereby facilitating the collection of required information by a demand side.
The first objective of the present invention is to provide a blockchain metadata storage system, including at least one primary node and a plurality of secondary nodes, each of which is connected to the internet, where the at least one primary node and the plurality of secondary nodes are configured into a distributed shared network through blockchains, where the at least one primary node includes: the data receiving module is used for receiving source data from the outside; the distributed storage module is connected with the data receiving module and is used for carrying out distributed storage on the source data transmitted by the data receiving module; the dimension reduction and preservation module is connected with the distributed storage module and is used for carrying out dimension reduction operation on the source data transmitted by the distributed storage module to form metadata and then carrying out preservation operation on the metadata to form a data fingerprint; the data storage module is connected with the dimension reduction and preservation module and is used for writing the data fingerprint into the block chain; the first data consensus module is used for issuing the data fingerprints in the whole network to realize the consensus process of the block chain; the plurality of secondary nodes comprises: and the data consensus module is used for receiving and storing the data fingerprints issued by the blockchain so as to complete the consensus process of the blockchain.
The source data refers to data to be saved, such as a document, voice, video, or recorded information.
In addition, the distributed storage module adopts an expandable system structure, a plurality of storage servers are used for sharing storage load, and the position server is used for positioning storage information. Distributed storage builds a distributed file system on a plurality of servers, and then related data storage services are realized on the distributed file system. Distributed file systems refer to file systems that manage physical storage resources that are not necessarily directly connected to a local node, but rather are connected to the node through a computer network. The distributed file system can comprise Lustre, Hadoop, MogileFS, FreNAS, FastDFS, MooseFS, pNFS and the like, and preferably, the distributed storage module is set to adopt a FastDFS distributed file system.
Optionally, the master node further comprises: the distributed storage system comprises a Nginx component connected with the distributed storage module and used for load balancing and an ATS component connected between the Nginx component and the data storage module.
Preferably, the dimension reduction and preservation operation of the data refers to applying a HASH algorithm to the data, wherein the HASH algorithm maps a binary value of an arbitrary length to a binary value of a shorter fixed length, and the small binary value is called a HASH value. Hash values are a unique and extremely compact representation of a piece of data as a value. If a piece of plaintext is hashed and even if only one letter of the piece is altered, the subsequent hash will produce a different value. It is computationally infeasible to find two different inputs whose HASH is the same value, so that the HASH value of the data is similar to a "fingerprint" and the HASH value resulting from the HASH algorithm processing is referred to as the "fingerprint" value, so that the integrity of the data can be verified. The HASH algorithm comprises: MD2, MD4, MD5 and SHA-1. More preferably, the dimensionality reduction and preservation operations of the present invention are configured to apply the SHA-1 algorithm to the source data.
Preferably, the data fingerprint is set to include: the HASH value of the source data as metadata obtained by applying the SHA-1 algorithm, the timestamp of the source data applying the SHA-1 algorithm, the digital signature of the source data applying the SHA-1 algorithm, and the data fingerprint of the metadata at the last time.
Preferably, the master node further comprises: and the fingerprint retrieval module is connected with the data storage module and used for retrieving the data fingerprints stored in the block chain to obtain the retrieved data fingerprints.
Preferably, the primary node and the secondary node each comprise a verification module for verifying whether the retrieved data fingerprint is tampered.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a storage method of the above block chain metadata storage system, which includes: the method comprises the steps that a main node receives source data from the outside and stores the source data in a distributed mode; the main node performs dimensionality reduction operation on the source data subjected to distributed storage to form metadata, and then performs security operation on the metadata to form a data fingerprint; the main node writes the data fingerprint into the block chain and utilizes the consensus process of the block chain to carry out the whole network release; and the secondary node receives and stores the data fingerprint issued by the block chain.
Preferably, the dimension reduction operation is set to apply the SHA-1 algorithm to the metadata.
Preferably, the data fingerprint is set to include: the source data of this time is the metadata obtained by using the SHA-1 algorithm, the timestamp of the source data of this time by using the SHA-1 algorithm, the digital signature of the source data of this time by using the SHA-1 algorithm, and the data fingerprint of the metadata of the last time.
A third object of the present invention is to provide a fingerprint retrieval method of the above block chain metadata storage system, which includes: retrieving the target data fingerprint on the main node to obtain a retrieved data fingerprint; verifying the retrieval data fingerprints on the main node and a plurality of auxiliary nodes connected to the block chain; and after the consistency ratio of the main node and the plurality of auxiliary nodes to the verification of the fingerprint of the retrieval data exceeds 80%, judging that the fingerprint of the retrieval data is not tampered, and finishing the fingerprint retrieval process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the main node introduces a distributed storage system to store source data with large data volume such as audio and video, then stores data fingerprints formed by dimension reduction and preservation of the source data into the block chain, and stores the data fingerprints into each secondary node in a distributed manner through a consensus process of the block chain, so that the data volume stored in the block chain is greatly reduced, and the data burden of the block chain is reduced; (2) the source data is reduced and preserved through a dimension reduction algorithm and then becomes the data size which can be accepted by the block chain, and in the process of data synchronization, the requirement on bandwidth is greatly reduced, and the storage requirement on distributed nodes is also greatly reduced; (3) by adopting a centralized retrieval mode, on the premise of ensuring data consistency, only the data fingerprint needs to be retrieved on the main node, and the whole network retrieval is not needed, so that unnecessary bandwidth overhead is avoided, and the speed of data retrieval is ensured; (4) after the data fingerprint retrieval is completed each time, the data fingerprint is verified in the whole network firstly, the data fingerprint obtained by the retrieval is ensured not to be tampered, and the data fingerprint can be used, so that the data security is effectively ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a blockchain metadata storage system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a data fingerprint according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a storage method of the blockchain metadata storage system of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a retrieval method of the blockchain metadata storage system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
First, referring to fig. 1, as a non-limiting example, the blockchain metadata storage system of the present invention includes a primary node P and n secondary nodes S1, S2, S3 … … Sn, each connected to the internet, where the primary node P and the secondary nodes S1, S2, S3 … … Sn are constructed as a distributed shared network through a blockchain C. In the invention, the main node and the secondary node are logically different, the main node can send heartbeat, the secondary node does not need to send heartbeat, meanwhile, the main node can receive external service data, and the secondary node does not receive the external service data. The "heartbeat" is a way for network detection between a primary node and a plurality of secondary nodes, and is used for detecting connectivity between the primary node and the secondary nodes.
In this non-limiting example, the master node P includes: the data storage system comprises a data receiving module 100, a distributed storage module 200, a dimension reduction and maintenance module 300, a data storage module 400 and a first data consensus module 700. The data receiving module 100 receives external service data as source data, and the distributed storage module 200 performs distributed storage on the source data transmitted by the data receiving module 100. In the invention, the source data of the large files such as audio, video and the like are stored by adopting a FastDFS distributed file system, thereby being suitable for the large files such as audio, video and the like. After the distributed storage is completed, the dimension reduction and preservation module 300 is used to firstly perform dimension reduction on the source data transmitted by the distributed storage module 200 to form metadata, and then perform preservation operation on the metadata, thereby forming a data fingerprint. The data storage module 400 writes the data fingerprints formed after the dimension reduction and the preservation into the block chain, and then the first data consensus module 700 is used for issuing the data fingerprints in the whole network, so that the consensus process of the block chain is realized, and meanwhile, the secondary nodes S1, S2 and S3 … … Sn receive the data fingerprints issued by the block chain and are issued by the storage block chain by using the second data consensus module 800, so that the amount of the stored data in the block chain is greatly reduced.
In this non-limiting example, dimension reduction and preservation module 300 applies the SHA-1 algorithm to the source data, and the process of dimension reduction and preservation is similar to "compressing" the source data, which requires compression based on specific information such as data content, file characteristics, timestamps, and the like. As shown in fig. 2, the data fingerprint of the present invention includes a HASH value obtained by applying the SHA-1 algorithm to the current source data as metadata, a timestamp of applying the SHA-1 algorithm to the current source data, a digital signature of applying the SHA-1 algorithm to the current source data, and a data fingerprint of the last metadata. Therefore, the source data of this time is solidified and then regularly released in the block chain, and the supervision of each node connected in the block chain is received, so that the safety and reliability of the data stored in the block chain are ensured.
As an alternative embodiment, the primary node P further includes a fingerprint retrieval module 500 and a verification module 600, and the secondary nodes S1, S2, S3 … … Sn are correspondingly provided with the verification module 600. Therefore, on the premise of ensuring data consistency, when the data fingerprint of the source data needs to be retrieved, the data fingerprint stored in the block chain of the main node P can be retrieved only by using the fingerprint retrieval module 500 on the main node P, so that the retrieved data fingerprint is obtained, the whole network retrieval is not needed, and unnecessary broadband overhead is avoided. However, in order to ensure the security of data, the retrieved data fingerprint obtained after retrieval needs to be verified over the entire network, and whether the retrieved data fingerprint is falsified can be verified by using the verification module 600 installed on the primary node P and the n secondary nodes S1, S2, and S3 … … Sn, and the metadata can be used only when the retrieved data fingerprint is not changed.
Based on the same idea, the present invention further provides a storage method of the block chain metadata storage system, as shown in fig. 3, in step S1, the master node receives source data from the outside and performs distributed storage on the source data. Next, in step S2, the master node performs a dimension reduction operation on the source data subjected to the distributed storage to form metadata, and then performs a security operation on the metadata to form a data fingerprint. In step S3, the master node continues to write the data fingerprint into the blockchain, and the global distribution is performed by using the consensus process of the blockchain. Finally, in step S4, the data fingerprints are distributively stored in n secondary nodes connected in the blockchain.
Corresponding to the storage method, the retrieval method of the block chain metadata storage system is provided, and in order to realize fast retrieval of metadata in a huge block chain, as shown in fig. 4, first, in step S10, a target data fingerprint is retrieved on the master node, so as to obtain a retrieved data fingerprint. Next, in step S20, the search data fingerprint is verified on the primary node and the plurality of secondary nodes. Finally, in step S30, after the consistency ratio of the primary node and the plurality of secondary nodes to the retrieved data fingerprint verification exceeds 80%, it is determined that the retrieved data fingerprint is not tampered, and the process of fingerprint retrieval is completed.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A block chain metadata storage system comprises at least one main node and a plurality of auxiliary nodes which are respectively connected with the Internet, wherein the at least one main node and the plurality of auxiliary nodes are constructed into a distributed shared network through a block chain,
the at least one master node comprises:
the data receiving module is used for receiving source data from the outside;
the distributed storage module is connected with the data receiving module and is used for carrying out distributed storage on the source data transmitted by the data receiving module;
the dimension reduction and preservation module is connected with the distributed storage module and is used for carrying out dimension reduction operation on the source data transmitted by the distributed storage module to form metadata and then carrying out preservation operation on the metadata to form a data fingerprint;
the data storage module is connected with the dimension reduction and preservation module and is used for writing the data fingerprint into the block chain; and
the first data consensus module is used for issuing the data fingerprints in a whole network to realize a consensus process of the block chain;
the plurality of secondary nodes comprises:
a second data consensus module for receiving and storing the data fingerprint issued by the blockchain to complete a consensus process of the blockchain;
the distributed storage module is set to adopt a FastDFS distributed file system; the dimensionality reduction operation is set to apply an SHA-1 algorithm to the source data; the data fingerprint is set to include: the source data of this time are subjected to SHA-1 algorithm to obtain metadata, the time stamp of the source data of this time are subjected to SHA-1 algorithm, the digital signature of the source data of this time are subjected to SHA-1 algorithm, and the data fingerprint of the metadata of the last time;
the master node further comprises: the fingerprint retrieval module is connected with the data storage module and used for retrieving the data fingerprints stored in the block chain to obtain retrieved data fingerprints;
the main node and the auxiliary node comprise verification modules, and the verification modules are used for verifying whether the retrieval data fingerprint is tampered;
the fingerprint retrieval module retrieves the target data fingerprint on the main node to acquire a retrieved data fingerprint; verifying the retrieved data fingerprints on the primary node and a plurality of secondary nodes; and after the consistency proportion of the main node and the plurality of auxiliary nodes to the verification of the fingerprint of the retrieval data exceeds 80%, judging that the fingerprint of the retrieval data is not tampered, and finishing the fingerprint retrieval process.
2. A storage method of the blockchain metadata storage system according to claim 1, comprising:
the method comprises the steps that a main node receives source data from the outside and stores the source data in a distributed mode;
after the main node performs dimensionality reduction operation on the source data subjected to distributed storage to form metadata, performing security operation on the metadata to form a data fingerprint;
the main node writes the data fingerprint into a block chain, and utilizes the consensus process of the block chain to carry out overall network release; and
the secondary node receives and stores the data fingerprint issued by the block chain;
wherein the dimension reduction operation is set to apply SHA-1 algorithm to the source data; the data fingerprint is set to include: the source data of this time are subjected to SHA-1 algorithm to obtain metadata, the time stamp of the source data of this time are subjected to SHA-1 algorithm, the digital signature of the source data of this time are subjected to SHA-1 algorithm, and the data fingerprint of the metadata of the last time;
further comprising retrieving the target data fingerprint on the master node to obtain a retrieved data fingerprint; verifying the retrieved data fingerprints on the primary node and a plurality of secondary nodes; and after the consistency proportion of the main node and the plurality of auxiliary nodes to the verification of the fingerprint of the retrieval data exceeds 80%, judging that the fingerprint of the retrieval data is not tampered, and finishing the fingerprint retrieval process.
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