CN106534023B - The timing subcarriers combined synchronization method of MQAM in a kind of non-cooperative communication - Google Patents
The timing subcarriers combined synchronization method of MQAM in a kind of non-cooperative communication Download PDFInfo
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- CN106534023B CN106534023B CN201610834660.9A CN201610834660A CN106534023B CN 106534023 B CN106534023 B CN 106534023B CN 201610834660 A CN201610834660 A CN 201610834660A CN 106534023 B CN106534023 B CN 106534023B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04L27/2657—Carrier synchronisation
- H04L27/2659—Coarse or integer frequency offset determination and synchronisation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/0014—Carrier regulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/18—Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying
- H04L27/22—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
- H04L27/227—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits using coherent demodulation
- H04L27/2271—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits using coherent demodulation wherein the carrier recovery circuit uses only the demodulated signals
- H04L27/2272—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits using coherent demodulation wherein the carrier recovery circuit uses only the demodulated signals using phase locked loops
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
- H04L27/38—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits
- H04L27/3845—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits using non - coherent demodulation, i.e. not using a phase synchronous carrier
- H04L27/3854—Demodulator circuits; Receiver circuits using non - coherent demodulation, i.e. not using a phase synchronous carrier using a non - coherent carrier, including systems with baseband correction for phase or frequency offset
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/0014—Carrier regulation
- H04L2027/0024—Carrier regulation at the receiver end
- H04L2027/0026—Correction of carrier offset
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
- Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the timing subcarriers combined synchronization methods of MQAM in non-cooperative communication a kind of, offset estimation value and timing error are initialized first, and using the relationship between Gardner algorithm frequency deviation and algorithm output valve, it is timed bias estimation and carrier shift rough estimate；Then it is locked using the absolute difference for the Timing Error Detection output valve for differing from it by half of symbol；Adaptive threshold polarity decision phaselocked loop is finally recycled to carry out the tracking of subtle frequency deviation and skew.Symbolic number of the present invention is 3.2 × 104When, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, 128QAM and 256QAM signal are restrained under the method for the present invention；With the increase of signal-to-noise ratio, the estimation performance of timing slip and the estimation performance of carrier frequency shift are become better and better；Under Low SNR, the present invention still has good estimation performance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the timing subcarriers combined synchronizations of MQAM in field of communication technology more particularly to non-cooperative communication a kind of
Method.
Background technique
Timing is synchronize indispensable component part and digital communication system demodulation in digital communication system with frequency deviation
One of key technology.In non-cooperative communication system, since carrier frequency and symbol rate are unknown, then estimated value and actual value
Between there are relatively large deviations, this just needs that there is larger frequency offset estimation range and the synchronous method of symbol rate adjusting range to disappear
Except these deviations, and optimum sampling point is chosen to reduce the bit error rate.Therefore, the signal stationary problem containing big symbol rate deviation is
Solve one of the critical issue of signal demodulation in non-cooperative communication system.In general, frequency deviation and phase jitter can be fixed to symbol
When synchronized certain influence, the presence of symbol rate deviation can also be affected to offset estimation, and frequency deviation and timing respectively into
Row synchronization can generate the disadvantages of convergence time is elongated, computation complexity is high, in addition intersymbol interference and frequency choosing under multipath channel
Selecting property, which declines, will seriously affect the net synchronization capability of signal.Therefore, it studies in non-cooperative communication system and contains under multi-path channel condition
The timing frequency deviation combined synchronization method of big symbol rate deviation has certain meaning and value.Due to being connect in non-cooperative communication system
Receiving end does not have any prior information, then needs the simultaneous techniques using non-auxiliary data.The connection of the timing frequency deviation of non-auxiliary data
Contract one step process can be roughly divided into three kinds of methods: some scholars propose the combined synchronization side of cyclostationarity signal-based
Method, but these methods are only effective to small frequency deviation, and also need to know the shock response of formed filter, also estimate performance compared with
Difference；(Michele Morelli, Umberto Mengali.Joint frequency and timing recovery for
MSK-type modulation [J] .IEEE Transactions on Communications, 1999,47 (6): 938-
946.Mounir Ghogho, Ananthram Swami, Tariq Durrani.Blind Synchronization and
Doppler Spread Estimation for MSK Signals in Time-Selective Fading Channels
[C] .IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing,
The acquisition of blind estimating method [J] the data of 2000:2665-2668. Wu Tao, Dai Xuchu frequency shift (FS) and symbol timing error and place
Reason, 2005,20 (3): 291-296. vertical, and Zhong Shaobo single carrier wireless system carrier frequency and timing slip algorithm for estimating [J] are counted
The application of calculation machine and software, 2010,27 (5): 98-101.) permitted small combined synchronization method of the east proposition based on sideband Timed Recovery, but
It is that this method needs equivalent shock response for real number, and does not consider influence of the characteristic to method of signal；(Xu little Dong non-cooperating
Digital communication system blind demodulation key technology research [D] China Science & Technology University, 2007.) Chen Limin et al. proposes base
In the combined synchronization method of nonlinear transformation, but that there are frequency offset estimation ranges is limited, does not consider that multipath channel influences for this method
Defect.(Chen Limin, Liang Yin, Wan Guojin.Symbol Timing and Carrier Frequency
United Estimation for MPSK Signals [C] .ICCASM, 2010:610-613.) in addition, the above method
Do not consider that symbol rate evaluated error can be to synchronizing the influence for causing performance low, therefore it cannot be logical suitable for actual non-cooperation
Letter system.
In conclusion the combined synchronization method of the timing frequency deviation of existing non-auxiliary data, which exists, does not consider that symbol rate is estimated
Error is only effective to small frequency deviation to net synchronization capability, the poor problem of estimation performance；
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide the timing subcarriers combined synchronization methods of MQAM in non-cooperative communication a kind of, it is intended to solve
The combined synchronization method of the timing frequency deviation of certainly existing non-auxiliary data exist do not consider symbol rate evaluated error to net synchronization capability,
Only effective to small frequency deviation, estimation performance is poor, to synchronizing the problem for causing performance low.
The invention is realized in this way in a kind of non-cooperative communication MQAM timing subcarriers combined synchronization method, it is described non-
In cooperative communication MQAM timing subcarriers combined synchronization method the following steps are included:
Initialize offset estimation value and timing error first, and using Gardner algorithm frequency deviation and algorithm output valve it
Between relationship, be timed bias estimation and carrier shift rough estimate；
Then it is locked using the absolute difference for the Timing Error Detection output valve for differing from it by half of symbol；
Adaptive threshold polarity decision phaselocked loop is finally recycled to carry out the tracking of subtle frequency deviation and skew.
Further comprise:
Offset estimation value and timing error are initialized, offset estimation value Δ f (0)=0, timing error τ are enabled0(0)=0；It is defeated
Enter signal after overdeviation compensation, matched filter and interpolation, was based onFrequency zero transfer characteristic, maximizing is asked
Topic switchs to ask Zeroes, iterative estimate frequency deviation Δ f and timing offset τ0；Input signal is through overdeviation compensation, matched filter
After interpolation, the expression formula of Timing Error Detection are as follows:
Wherein, yI() and yQ() respectively indicates sampled value of the signal y (t) on I branch and Q branch road, and r indicates symbol
Number.When there are frequency deviation, i.e. y (t)=x (t) e for signalj2πΔftWhen:
ut(r)offset=ut(r)idemtocos(πΔf·T)+u't(r)idemtosin(πΔf·T)；
Wherein ut(r)idemtoIndicate the Gardner algorithm expression formula directly sampled to x (t), ut(r)offsetTable
Show the Gardner algorithm expression formula sampled to y (t), u't(r)idemtoExpression formula are as follows:
Expectation, i.e. U are taken to Gardner algorithm expression formulat(r)=E [ut(r)], then:
Ut(r)offset=Ut(r)idemtocos(πΔf·T)
Wherein, Ut(r)offsetIt indicates that the error mean after frequency deviation, U is addedt(r)idemtoIndicate the error under no offset frequency situation
Mean value.The present invention is based on mistakesMaximizing problem is switched to ask Zeroes by frequency zero transfer characteristic, and can with it is fixed
When synchronization carry out together.It, can be by U if also regarding Δ f as variablet(r)idemtoIt is expressed as Ut(r, 0), by Ut(r)offsetIt indicates
For Ut(r,Δf).As Δ f=0,As Δ f > 0,As Δ f < 0
When,It is possible thereby to which iteration adjustment frequency deviation size, estimation range are reachableIt has been more than one
A symbol rate covers the maximum frequency deviation for extracting signal, and since offset estimation and timing carry out simultaneously, can eliminate symbol
Rate deviates the influence to offset estimation.
Further, diff (r+1/4) calculating formula is locked are as follows:
Diff (r+1/4)=E [| ut(r+1/4)|-|wt(r+1/4) |]=E [| ut(r+1/4)|-|ut(r+3/4)|]
WhereinyI() and yQ
() respectively indicates sampled value of the signal y (t) on I branch and Q branch road, and r indicates symbolic number,
Diff (r)=E [| ut(r)-|wt(r)|].As Δ τ=0, diff (r+1/4)=0；As Δ τ > 0, diff (r
+ 1/4) 0 <；As Δ τ < 0, diff (r+1/4) > 0 can iterate to calculate out τ in this way0Value.
Further, in adaptive threshold polarity decision phaselocked loop phase discriminator output e (n)=sin θ (n), θ (n) be n when
It carves and receives signal and the angle where it between quadrant diagonal line, the variation range of the angle is
The output e (n) of phase discriminator are as follows:
Wherein, θ (n) is n reception signal and the angle where it between quadrant diagonal line, the variation range of the angle
ForIm () expression takes empty operation, and sgn () indicates sign function.Since the planisphere of signal is unknown, institute
Fixed value point can not be taken when choosing thresholding.The present invention is used as initial threshold from the 2/3 of average energy, with the 4/ of ceiling capacity
As final thresholding at 5, gradually increases the above formula as threshold value, more than thresholding using certain proportion and carry out phase demodulation, be no more than
Phase discriminator output is then zero.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of timing subcarriers using MQAM in the non-cooperative communication to combine together
The digital communication method of one step process.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of timing subcarriers using MQAM in the non-cooperative communication to combine together
The non-cooperative communication method of one step process.
The timing subcarriers combined synchronization method of MQAM in non-cooperative communication provided by the invention, symbolic number are 3.2 × 104
When, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, 128QAM and 256QAM signal are restrained under the method for the present invention.With the increase of signal-to-noise ratio,
The estimation performance of timing slip and the estimation performance of carrier frequency shift are become better and better, particularly, under Low SNR, this
Invention still has good estimation performance.It can demodulate MQAM in non-cooperative communication system using the inventive technique and provide together
The basis of step.Simulation result is as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, with the increase of signal-to-noise ratio, the estimation performance and carrier frequency of timing slip
The estimation performance of offset is become better and better.Performance of the invention is better than being permitted the performance of small east method in the range of entire signal-to-noise ratio,
Particularly, under Low SNR, the present invention is more advantageous.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the timing subcarriers combined synchronization method flow chart of MQAM in non-cooperative communication provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the timing subcarriers combined synchronization system model of MQAM in non-cooperative communication system provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is MQAM combined synchronization schematic diagram under multipath channel provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is that adaptive threshold polarity decision phase-locked loop diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention is intended to.
Fig. 5 is the performance comparison schematic diagram of different timing synchronous method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the performance comparison schematic diagram of different carrier synchronization methods provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiments, to the present invention
It is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, it is not used to
Limit the present invention.
Application principle of the invention is explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, in non-cooperative communication provided in an embodiment of the present invention MQAM timing subcarriers combined synchronization method packet
Include following steps:
S101: initialization offset estimation value and timing error, and using Gardner algorithm frequency deviation and algorithm output valve it
Between relationship, be timed bias estimation and carrier shift rough estimate；
S102: it is locked using the absolute difference for the Timing Error Detection output valve for differing from it by half of symbol；
S103: adaptive threshold polarity decision phaselocked loop is recycled to carry out the tracking of subtle frequency deviation and skew.
Application principle of the invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The timing subcarriers combined synchronization method of MQAM is logical in non-cooperation in non-cooperative communication provided in an embodiment of the present invention
In letter system, the timing subcarriers combined synchronization method of MQAM under multidiameter fading channel be the described method comprises the following steps:
S1 initializes offset estimation value and timing error, enables offset estimation value Δ f (0)=0, timing error τ0(0)=0；
S2 input signal compensates, after matched filter and interpolation through overdeviation, is based onFrequency zero transfer characteristic,
Maximizing problem is switched to ask Zeroes, iterative estimate frequency deviation Δ f and timing offset τ0；
It should be noted that being based in step S2Frequency zero transfer characteristic switchs to maximizing problem to ask zero
Point problem, iterative estimate frequency deviation Δ f and timing offset τ0Principle:
As shown in Fig. 2, input signal compensates, after matched filter and interpolation through overdeviation, the expression of Timing Error Detection
Formula are as follows:
Wherein, yI() and yQ() respectively indicates sampled value of the signal y (t) on I branch and Q branch road, and r indicates symbol
Number.When there are frequency deviation, i.e. y (t)=x (t) e for signalj2πΔftWhen:
ut(r)offset=ut(r)idemtocos(πΔf·T)+u't(r)idemtosin(πΔf·T)；
Wherein ut(r)idemtoIndicate the Gardner algorithm expression formula directly sampled to x (t), ut(r)offsetTable
Show the Gardner algorithm expression formula sampled to y (t), u't(r)idemtoExpression formula are as follows:
Expectation, i.e. U are taken to Gardner algorithm expression formulat(r)=E [ut(r)], then:
Ut(r)offset=Ut(r)idemtocos(πΔf·T)
Wherein, Ut(r)offsetIt indicates that the error mean after frequency deviation, U is addedt(r)idemtoIndicate the error under no offset frequency situation
Mean value.It, can be by U if also regarding Δ f as variablet(r)idemtoIt is expressed as Ut(r, 0), by Ut(r)offsetIt is expressed as Ut(r,Δ
f).The present invention is based on mistakesFrequency zero transfer characteristic switchs to maximizing problem to seek Zeroes, in order to accurately fixed
Position frequency deviation value, and can be carried out together with Timing Synchronization, due to utilizing identical algorithm, then it may be designed as same module.Also
It is to say, as Δ f=0,As Δ f > 0,As Δ f < 0,It is possible thereby to which iteration adjustment frequency deviation size, estimation range are reachableIt has been more than one
Symbol rate covers the maximum frequency deviation for extracting signal, and since offset estimation and timing carry out simultaneously, can eliminate symbol rate
The influence to offset estimation is deviated, frequency deviation is controlled in a small range, it is not made to seriously affect the performance of Gardner algorithm.
S3 using diff (r+1/4)=E [| ut(r+1/4)|-|ut(r+3/4) |] it calculates the value of diff (r+1/4) and is used for
Lock-in detection, whereinyI() and yQ
() respectively indicates sampled value of the signal y (t) on I branch and Q branch road, and r indicates symbolic number,
Diff (r)=E [| ut(r)|-|wt(r)|]；
It should be noted that in step S3 using diff (r+1/4)=E [| ut(r+1/4)|-|ut(r+3/4) |] it calculates
The value of diff (r+1/4) and the principle for being used for lock-in detection:
The output of TED in Fig. 3:
By its continuity and symmetry it is found that diff (r+1/4) should be zero, i.e., as Δ τ=0, diff (r+1/4)=
0；As Δ τ > 0, diff (r+1/4) < 0；As Δ τ < 0, diff (r+1/4) > 0 can thus iterate to calculate τ0Value,
And the method is applicable under multi-path channel condition；Lock-in detection part diff (r+1/4) calculating formula are as follows:
Diff (r+1/4)=E [| ut(r+1/4)|-|wt(r+1/4) |]=E [| ut(r+1/4)|-|ut(r+3/4)|]。
S4 output valve carries out the tracking of frequency deviation and phase through adaptive threshold polarity decision phase-locked loop, wherein phase discriminator
E (n)=sin θ (n) is exported, θ (n) is n reception signal and the angle where it between quadrant diagonal line, the change of the angle
Changing range is
It should be noted that the output valve in step S4 carries out frequency deviation and phase through adaptive threshold polarity decision phase-locked loop
The following principle of position are as follows:
Present invention employs the polarity decision phase-locked loop of adaptive threshold as shown in Figure 4, the output e (n) of phase discriminator
Are as follows:
Wherein, θ (n) is n reception signal and the angle where it between quadrant diagonal line, the variation range of the angle
ForIm () expression takes empty operation, and sgn () indicates sign function.Since the planisphere of signal is unknown, institute
Fixed value point can not be taken when choosing thresholding.The present invention is used as initial threshold from the 2/3 of average energy, with the 4/ of ceiling capacity
As final thresholding at 5, gradually increases the above formula as threshold value, more than thresholding using certain proportion and carry out phase demodulation, be no more than
Phase discriminator output is then zero.
Application effect of the invention is explained in detail below with reference to emulation experiment.
In order to assess the performance of the method for the present invention, signal used by emulation experiment below be 16QAM, 32QAM,
64QAM, 128QAM and 256QAM signal, symbol rate 50Mbps, frequency deviation value 15MHz, using the pedestrian environment with six diameters
Test channel ITU-A class channel, be delayed as { 0,310,710,1090,1730,2510 } ns, power attenuation be 0.0, -1.0, -
9.0, -10.0, -15.0, -20.0 } multipath channel of dB.1000 Monte Carlos are carried out in emulation experiment under each signal-to-noise ratio
Test, using mean square error QMSEThe estimation performance of the method for the present invention is assessed, is defined as:
Wherein, P is estimation number, and ε is true value,For estimated value.
Simulation result is as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, with the increase of signal-to-noise ratio, the estimation performance and carrier frequency of timing slip
The estimation performance of offset is become better and better.Performance of the invention is better than being permitted the performance of small east method in the range of entire signal-to-noise ratio,
Particularly, under Low SNR, the present invention is more advantageous.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (3)
1. the timing subcarriers combined synchronization method of MQAM in a kind of non-cooperative communication, which is characterized in that in the non-cooperative communication
The timing subcarriers combined synchronization method of MQAM the following steps are included:
Offset estimation value and timing error are initialized first, and using between Gardner algorithm frequency deviation and algorithm output valve
Relationship is timed bias estimation and carrier shift rough estimate；
Offset estimation value and timing error are initialized, offset estimation value Δ f (0)=0, timing error τ are enabled0(0)=0；Input signal
After overdeviation compensation, matched filter and interpolation, the expression formula of Timing Error Detection are as follows:
Wherein, yI() and yQ() respectively indicates sampled value of the signal y (t) on I branch and Q branch road, and r indicates symbolic number；When
There are frequency deviation, i.e. y (t)=x (t) e for signalj2πΔftWhen:
ut(r)offset=ut(r)idemtocos(πΔf·T)+u't(r)idemtosin(πΔf·T)；
Wherein ut(r)idemtoIndicate the Gardner algorithm expression formula directly sampled to x (t), ut(r)offsetExpression pair
The Gardner algorithm expression formula that y (t) is sampled, u't(r)idemtoExpression formula are as follows:
Expectation, i.e. U are taken to Gardner algorithm expression formulat(r)=E [ut(r)], then:
Ut(r)offset=Ut(r)idemtocos(πΔf·T)
Wherein, Ut(r)offsetIt indicates that the error mean after frequency deviation, U is addedt(r)idemtoIndicate that the error under no offset frequency situation is equal
Value；It was based onFrequency zero transfer characteristic switchs to maximizing problem to seek Zeroes, and can be with Timing Synchronization one
It rises and carries out；It, can be by U if also regarding Δ f as variablet(r)idemtoIt is expressed as Ut(r, 0), by Ut(r)offsetIt is expressed as Ut(r,Δ
f)；As Δ f=0,As Δ f > 0,As Δ f < 0,Iteration adjustment frequency deviation size, estimation range are reachableIt has been more than a symbol rate, i.e.,
Cover the maximum frequency deviation for extracting signal；
Then it is locked using the absolute difference for the Timing Error Detection output valve for differing from it by half of symbol；
Lock diff (r+1/4) calculating formula are as follows:
Diff (r+1/4)=E [| ut(r+1/4)|-|wt(r+1/4) |]=E [| ut(r+1/4)|-|ut(r+3/4)|]
WhereinyI() and yQ() point
Not Biao Shi sampled value of the signal y (t) on I branch and Q branch road, r indicate symbolic number,Diff (r)=
E[|ut(r)|-|wt(r)|]；As Δ τ=0, diff (r+1/4)=0；As Δ τ > 0, diff (r+1/4) < 0；As Δ τ <
When 0, diff (r+1/4) > 0 can iterate to calculate out τ in this way0Value；
Adaptive threshold polarity decision phaselocked loop is finally recycled to carry out the tracking of subtle frequency deviation and skew；
Output e (n)=sin θ (n) of phase discriminator in adaptive threshold polarity decision phaselocked loop, θ (n) be n reception signal with
Angle where it between quadrant diagonal line, the variation range of the angle are
The output e (n) of phase discriminator are as follows:
Wherein, θ (n) is n reception signal and the angle where it between quadrant diagonal line, and the variation range of the angle isIm () expression takes empty operation, and sgn () indicates sign function.
2. a kind of digital communication department using the timing subcarriers combined synchronization method of MQAM in non-cooperative communication described in claim 1
System.
3. a kind of non-cooperative communication using the timing subcarriers combined synchronization method of MQAM in non-cooperative communication described in claim 1
System.
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| CN110401609B (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2020-06-09 | 西安电子科技大学 | Gardner symbol timing recovery method and device for accelerating convergence |
| CN109450837B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-04-30 | 深圳昂瑞微电子技术有限公司 | Sampling frequency offset estimation and compensation method and system |
| CN110311878B (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2021-11-19 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Synchronous detection method for locking state of 16QAM carrier demodulation loop |
| CN110380786B (en) * | 2019-06-20 | 2020-10-13 | 华南师范大学 | Frequency difference blind estimation method under probability shaping constellation |
| CN111245544A (en) * | 2020-01-08 | 2020-06-05 | 西安电子科技大学 | Timing synchronization improvement method for symbol rate deviation in non-cooperative communication system |
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