CN106530255A - Bubble group data measurement method - Google Patents

Bubble group data measurement method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106530255A
CN106530255A CN201611021021.7A CN201611021021A CN106530255A CN 106530255 A CN106530255 A CN 106530255A CN 201611021021 A CN201611021021 A CN 201611021021A CN 106530255 A CN106530255 A CN 106530255A
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steam bubble
image
pixel
bubble
group
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CN201611021021.7A
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谢添舟
徐建军
黄彦平
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Nuclear Power Institute of China
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Nuclear Power Institute of China
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    • G06T5/70
    • G06T5/73
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00Image analysis
    • G06T7/0002Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/10Image acquisition modality
    • G06T2207/10016Video; Image sequence
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/20Special algorithmic details
    • G06T2207/20024Filtering details
    • G06T2207/20032Median filtering
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/20Special algorithmic details
    • G06T2207/20172Image enhancement details
    • G06T2207/20192Edge enhancement; Edge preservation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30242Counting objects in image

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a bubble group data measurement method. A high-speed camera is used for photographing a bubble group image, a background picture and a scale image; background filtering is carried out on the bubble group image; a bubble edge is sharpened; binary processing is carried out on the bubble group image after sharpening, and a gray image with only two gray levels is acquired; the bubble edge is filled; the total bubble number is determined, and the real diameter of each bubble is calculated; and through statistics, the bubble diameters and the number distribution are acquired. By adopting the method of the invention, a clear bubble group visual image can be acquired, and through filtering the acquired visual image and carrying out bubble edge sharpening and bubble filling, bubble group parameters such as the bubble diameters and the bubble number distribution in the visual image can be counted. The method of the invention can save a large amount of time, and when the result acquired by the method of the invention is compared with a manual statistics result, the diameter deviation is smaller than 10%.

Description

A kind of steam bubble group data measuring method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of steam bubble group data measuring method, for measuring the vapour such as steam bubble dia and steam bubble number distribution Bubble group's related data.
Background technology
The parameter such as steam bubble dia and steam bubble number is that institute must be defeated during Two-phase Flow & Thermal Conduction mechanism model is set up and analyzed The key parameter for entering.After there is steam bubble coring in heating wall, it may appear that different nucleation sites.Steam bubble nucleation when heating power is different Phenomenon can change, and due to the disturbance of local turbulent, different nucleation site bubble movement features is different, it means that On section, the related data such as steam bubble group diameter and steam bubble number is not quite similar under different operating modes.How to measure in experiment and divide Analysis steam bubble group's related data, is a difficult problem in related experiment.
The present invention is based on above-mentioned application background, proposes a kind of steam bubble group DATA REASONING and analysis method, by a high speed Video camera is shot to steam bubble group, after the visual image to obtaining filters and carries out steam bubble edge sharpening and steam bubble filling, Steam bubble group's data such as steam bubble dia and steam bubble number distribution are obtained in the method for probability statistics.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages mentioned above of prior art, the invention provides a kind of steam bubble group data measuring method, by height Fast video camera is shot to steam bubble group, and the visual image to obtaining is filtered and carries out steam bubble edge sharpening, binary conversion treatment And after steam bubble filling, steam bubble group's data such as steam bubble dia and steam bubble number distribution are obtained in the method for probability statistics.The method Steam bubble faciation related parameter can efficiently and be accurately obtained, is set up for follow-up Two-phase Flow & Thermal Conduction mechanism model and analysis is provided basis Data supporting.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:A kind of steam bubble group data measuring method, including such as Lower step:
Step one, steam bubble group is shot using high-speed camera instrument, obtain steam bubble group's image;
Step 2, background picture when not having a steam bubble is shot using high-speed camera instrument;
Step 3, shoot scale with a scale using high-speed camera instrument, obtain clearly scale map picture, by scale map as Valid pixel is changed into actual physical size;
Step 4, filtering background is carried out to steam bubble group image;
Step 5, steam bubble edge is sharpened;
Step 6, binary conversion treatment is carried out to the steam bubble group image after sharpening, acquisition only exists the gray scale of two gray levels Image;
Step 7, steam bubble edge is filled;
Step 8, determine steam bubble total number and calculate the true diameter of each steam bubble;
Step 9, steam bubble dia and number distribution are obtained by counting.
Compared with prior art, the positive effect of the present invention is:Can obtain clearly using the inventive method that steam bubble group can Depending on changing image, and the filling of steam bubble edge sharpening, binary conversion treatment and steam bubble is filtered and is carried out by the visual image to obtaining Afterwards, the steam bubble swarm parameter such as steam bubble dia and steam bubble number distribution in visual image can be counted.With manual measurement and unite Meter steam bubble dia is compared with the method for number distribution, can be saved the plenty of time using the inventive method, and by present invention acquisition Result be compared with the result of manual statistics, both diameter deviations are less than 10%.
Description of the drawings
Examples of the present invention will be described by way of reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Schematic flow sheets of the Fig. 1 for the inventive method;
Fig. 2 is typical high-speed camera instrument shooting image;
Fig. 3 is image after steam bubble edge treated;
Fig. 4 is image after steam bubble filling;
Fig. 5 is experimental result schematic diagram after probability statistics.
Specific embodiment
A kind of steam bubble group data measuring method, as shown in figure 1, comprising the steps:
Step one, steam bubble group is shot using high-speed camera instrument, obtain steam bubble group's image (as shown in Figure 2):
1st, the preferred micro-lens of high-speed camera instrument is obtaining clearly steam bubble image, preferred micro-lens model Nikon/200mmF/4D/macro。
2nd, should ensure that when high-speed camera instrument resolution ratio is arranged and can photograph the whole cross section of observation window, it is as example, right In the shooting window of 60mm × 30mm (high × wide), during using PhantomV9.0 high-speed camera instrument, the preferred pixel that shoots is 1152 × 576 (high × wide).
3rd, by adjusting high-speed camera instrument micro-lens aperture, shooting image is made to become clear.
4th, high-speed camera instrument micro-lens focal length is adjusted, high-speed camera instrument is focused on the section that there is steam bubble distribution.
5th, to obtain smooth steam bubble group's DYNAMIC DISTRIBUTION, high-speed camera instrument need to be appropriately arranged with and shoots frame number, it is preferred to shoot Scope is 50-500 frames, is 200 frames as preferred value.
6th, after completing all settings, to steam bubble, group shoots, and obtains clearly steam bubble group image.
Step 2, background picture when not having a steam bubble is shot using high-speed camera instrument:
Step 3, holding high-speed camera instrument focal length are constant, shoot scale with a scale with high-speed camera instrument, obtain clearly Scale map picture.The valid pixel for shooting picture can be changed into actual physical size by the step, and its concrete grammar is, in scale The valid pixel at 1mm intervals is measured, and is as a result d, shoots in picture that valid pixel is d between 2 points1, then shoot in picture Point-to-point transmission actual physical size is d1/d mm。
Step 4, filtering background is carried out to steam bubble group image, steam bubble edge is sharpened:
1st, the picture for having steam bubble and background picture corresponding element that experiment shoots acquisition are subtracted each other, generally, after simple subtraction Image in steam bubble profile it is more coarse, and can there are some random noises, preferably, reply image is filtered, preferably Filtering method be medium filtering, steam bubble edge can be made more smooth by medium filtering, and eliminate image in noise.
2nd, laplacian spectral radius are carried out to the image after medium filtering, its basic skills is as follows:
In formula, g (i, j) is result images, and f (i, j) is original image, and k is sharpening coefficient.The selection of sharpening coefficient and figure As signal to noise ratio is related, when signal noise ratio (snr) of image is higher, preferred sharpening coefficient is 1.
Step 5:To image binaryzation process, acquisition only exists the gray level image of two gray levels (pixel value is 0 and 1), In image binaryzation processing procedure, suitable threshold value f need to be determined, when gray value is more than threshold value f, picture point is white, i.e., Pixel value is 1;During less than threshold value f, picture point is black, i.e., pixel value is 0.
For steam bubble image, the method for preferred threshold value f is maximum variance between clusters, its ideal calculated, together When calculating speed it is fast, meet the requirement of kinetic measurement.Maximum variance between clusters principle is:By the grey level histogram of image a certain Two groups are divided at threshold value, when the variance of this two groups of gray value is maximum, cut-point is threshold value.For typical grayscale figure Picture, it is assumed that f is the threshold value of first and second group, then now first group of image points accounts for the total pixel ratio of image for x0, average ash Spend for y0, it is x that second group of image points accounts for the total pixel ratio of image1, average gray is y1, then image overall average gray scale is:
Y=x0×y0+x1×y1 (2)
Then now variance yields z expression formulas are as follows:
Z=x0×(y0-y)2+x1×(y1-y)2 (3)
(intensity value ranges are 0~255) is enumerated to threshold value f, the f for making variance yields z maximum is the best cutting point.Process The result for obtaining afterwards is as shown in Figure 3;
Step 6, due in shooting some steam bubble edges there is higher brightness, then after processing, its edge is not closed in image, Steam bubble edge is filled using epidemic algorithms, after filling, result is as shown in Figure 4.Concrete grammar is as follows:
1st, the 2nd row pixel of the 2nd row in image array is defined as into the initial infection sources, its pixel value is labeled as p.
2nd, from the bottom up, turn left from the right side and scan bianry image picture element matrix, such as current pixel point pixel value is 1, and the picture Four neighborhoods below vegetarian refreshments (lower-left, under, bottom right, the right side) in have mark, then current pixel is labeled as into p;Such as nothing in the neighbours domain of lower section Mark, then marked with q;After the completion of from the bottom up, rescan image pixel matrix from left to right, such as current pixel are labeled as q, And neighbours domain above which (left, upper left, on, upper right) there is mark p, then replace q with p.After the completion of obtain mark matrix L.
3rd, according to from the bottom up, from left to right;From the bottom up, order repeat step 2 from right to left, after the completion of marked Note matrix L1
4th, to marking matrix L and L1Do or computing, extract common infection point, obtain matrix Lb
5th, it is newly-built with equirotal null matrix A of processed image, by LbIn all infections sources be transplanted to null matrix A, obtain To new images matrix A be filling after image.
There are multiple steam bubbles for differing in size in image after step 7, process, before statistical analysis, need to be to institute in image There is steam bubble to be marked, while calculating the area of each steam bubble.Its concrete grammar is as follows:
1st, initially points are designated as 1 to define the upper left corner, from left to right, individual element scanning from top to bottom, if the upper left, Upper, upper right, 4 neighborhood any point pixel value of left are 1 (white), then the points that current point and pixel value are 1 are labeled as phase With value.When the upper left, upper, upper right, 4 neighborhood territory pixel value of left are 0 (black), then number mark Jia 1.
2nd, per number target pixel quantity S (i) in statistical chart, if certain number target pixel quantity S (i) is more than or equal to thing The effective steam bubble decision threshold n for first setting, then the marked region is a steam bubble, and steam bubble true area S1(i)=S (i)/ d2, unit is square millimeter, is the impact for eliminating noise, and preferred n values are 10.Steam bubble true diameter D (i) is:
After statistics, in figure, steam bubble total number is N, and the true diameter of i-th steam bubble is D (i).
Step 8, steam bubble dia and number distribution are obtained by counting, as a result as shown in figure 5, its concrete grammar is as follows:
Steam bubble dia probability density function is f (x), and f (x) is distributed approximately as described below:
f(xj)≈Pj/△x (5)
In formula,
Pj=nj/N (6)
Wherein △ x are steam bubble dia packet group away from △ x=xj+1-xj, PjFor steam bubble true diameter D jth group probability, njThe bubble number of jth group is come across for D.In order to obtain more accurate distribution results, packet group is as follows away from △ x calculating formulas:
In formula, t is packet group number, and t is bigger, as a result more accurate, but calculating speed accordingly can slow down.It is preferred in this example Packet group number t is 50.
F (x) is steam bubble dia Cumulative probability function, and its span is 0-1, and expression formula is as follows:
Fig. 5 is the typical steam bubble dia Cumulative probability function distribution for obtaining.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of steam bubble group data measuring method, it is characterised in that:Comprise the steps:
Step one, steam bubble group is shot using high-speed camera instrument, obtain steam bubble group's image;
Step 2, background picture when not having a steam bubble is shot using high-speed camera instrument;
Step 3, scale with a scale is shot using high-speed camera instrument, obtain clearly scale map picture, by the effective of scale map picture Pixel transition is actual physical size;
Step 4, filtering background is carried out to steam bubble group image;
Step 5, steam bubble edge is sharpened;
Step 6, binary conversion treatment is carried out to the steam bubble group image after sharpening, acquisition only exists the gray level image of two gray levels;
Step 7, steam bubble edge is filled;
Step 8, determine steam bubble total number and calculate the true diameter of each steam bubble;
Step 9, steam bubble dia and number distribution are obtained by counting.
2. a kind of steam bubble group data measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:High-speed camera instrument selects microspur Camera lens, shooting frame number are 50-500 frames.
3. a kind of steam bubble group data measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:By effective picture of scale map picture Element is changed into the method for actual physical size:The valid pixel at 1mm intervals in scale is measured, measurement result d is obtained, If between 2 points, valid pixel is d in scale map picture1, then in scale map picture, between this 2 points, actual physical size is d1/ d, unit For mm.
4. a kind of steam bubble group data measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Steam bubble group's image is carried on the back Scape filter method be:Steam bubble group image is subtracted each other with corresponding element in background picture, medium filtering is then carried out.
5. a kind of steam bubble group data measuring method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:Steam bubble edge is sharpened Method be:Laplacian spectral radius are carried out to the image after medium filtering:
g ( i , j ) = f ( i , j ) - k ▿ 2 f ( i , j )
In formula, g (i, j) is result images, and f (i, j) is original image, and k is sharpening coefficient.
6. a kind of steam bubble group data measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Steam bubble group after sharpening is schemed As the method for carrying out binary conversion treatment is:Whether first threshold value f, then judge the gray value of picture point more than threshold value f, if greatly In then determining that picture point is white, pixel value is 1;Otherwise, it is determined that picture point is black, and pixel value is 0.
7. a kind of steam bubble group data measuring method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:Using maximum variance between clusters Threshold value f, comprises the steps:
It is assumed that f is the threshold value of first and second group, then now first group of image points accounts for the total pixel ratio of image for x0, average ash Spend for y0, it is x that second group of image points accounts for the total pixel ratio of image1, average gray is y1, then image overall average gray scale be:
Y=x0×y0+x1×y1
Then now variance yields z expression formulas are as follows:
Z=x0×(y0-y)2+x1×(y1-y)2
Threshold value f is enumerated, the f for making variance yields z maximum is defined as threshold value.
8. a kind of steam bubble group data measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Steam bubble edge is filled Method comprise the steps:
(1) the 2nd row pixel of the 2nd row in image array is defined as into the initial infection sources, its pixel value is labeled as p;
(2) from the bottom up, turn left from the right side and scan bianry image picture element matrix, such as current pixel point pixel value is 1, and the pixel There is mark in four neighborhoods of lower section, then current pixel is labeled as into p;It is such as unmarked in the neighbours domain of lower section, then marked with q;After the completion of From the bottom up, rescan image pixel matrix from left to right, such as current pixel is labeled as q, and there is mark in neighbours domain above which P, then replace q with p, and mark matrix L is obtained after the completion of scanning;
(3) according to from the bottom up, from left to right and from the bottom up, order from right to left repeats (2nd) step, obtains after the completion of scanning Matrix L must be marked1
(4) to marking matrix L and L1Do or computing, extract common infection point, obtain matrix Lb
(5) it is newly-built with equirotal null matrix A of processed image, by LbIn all infections sources be transplanted in null matrix A, obtain New images matrix be filling after image.
9. a kind of steam bubble group data measuring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Determine steam bubble total number and count The method for calculating the true diameter of each steam bubble is:
(1) initially points are designated as 1 to define the upper left corner, from left to right, individual element scanning from top to bottom, if the upper left, upper, right Upper, 4 neighborhood any point pixel value of left is 1, then the points that current point and pixel value are 1 are labeled as identical value, when the point Upper left, upper, upper right, 4 neighborhood territory pixel value of left are 0, then number mark Jia 1, and steam bubble total number in figure is obtained after the completion of scanning;
(2) per number target pixel quantity S (i) in statistical chart, if certain number target pixel quantity S (i) is more than or equal to effective Steam bubble decision threshold n, then the marked region is a steam bubble, and steam bubble true area S1(i)=S (i)/d2, then obtain vapour Steeping true diameter D (i) is:
D ( i ) = 4 S 1 ( i ) / π .
CN201611021021.7A 2016-11-15 2016-11-15 Bubble group data measurement method Pending CN106530255A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106323184A (en) * 2016-11-15 2017-01-11 中国核动力研究设计院 Method for three-dimensionally and dynamically measuring diameter of slipping bubble
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CN109598739B (en) * 2018-12-14 2019-07-26 广州海洋地质调查局 The statistical method and processing terminal of bubbles number are leaked in a kind of water body
CN113310983A (en) * 2021-05-28 2021-08-27 中国矿业大学 Gas-solid fluidized bed bubble motion behavior recognition statistical method
CN115178438A (en) * 2022-09-14 2022-10-14 深圳市鑫路远电子设备有限公司 Steady state performance evaluation method and system for vacuum glue filling valve

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Application publication date: 20170322