CN106528956B - Data interpolations field intensity prediction method based on ray tracing models - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to radio field intensity Predicting Techniques, improve while keeping ray tracing models to predict the precision of field strength computation complexity, improve efficiency to realize.The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that the data interpolations field intensity prediction method based on ray tracing models, first progress scene modeling, carry out gridding for scene, the rectangular mesh size of field strength is identical, and grid is uniformly distributed in entire scene areas；Grid element center field strength calculated value is stored in database, the field intensity value of any site in entire field strength region is then predicted using three step analysis data interpolating by the field intensity value that grid element center point is then calculated using positive ray tracing algorithm.Present invention is mainly applied to radio field intensities to predict occasion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to radio field intensity Predicting Techniques, specifically, are related to the data interpolations based on ray tracing models
Field intensity prediction.
Background technique
Since the nineties in last century, ray tracing algorithm has just obtained extensive concern and has been in Rapid development stage,
The Deterministic Methods being widely used at present are the ray tracing models based on geometric optics and consistency diffraction theory.Ray trace
Difficult point and key be search to track path, two major classes can be divided into route searching at present: forward lookup algorithm with
Reverse search algorithm.Both algorithms all have oneself unique advantage, and corresponding there is also very important disadvantages.Carefully
Change this two major classes tracking, following five kinds of methods: image method can be roughly divided into, minimum light path method tests ray method, transmitting
The ray method that rebounds and certainty Ray Beam method.In development course, most start to be widely adopted is that image method and prediction are penetrated
Collimation method.But the two has its limitation, and traditional image method is not able to satisfy the general applicability under varying environment, and tests ray
The prediction error of method is larger, not accurate enough.That just improvement and modification along with a large amount of researcher to algorithm above naturally,
Wherein S.Y.Tan et al. proposes more image method methods to carry out ray trace, and this method is using the multiple mirror for solving source point
The method of picture solves back wave.Hae-Won proposes ray tube method, and electric wave is considered as to the ray tube of continuous critical dimensions,
Electromagnetic wave can only be propagated in ray tube, and Huang Yongming, Lv Yinghua et al. propose a kind of based on ray tracking method and FDTD (time domain
Finite difference calculus) mixed method.
In order to promote the efficiency of ray tracing algorithm, many scholars propose the accelerating algorithm of ray trace, as angle is slow
The it is proposed of area (AZB) algorithm is deposited, this algorithm is based on light buffering (Light Buffer) used in computer graphics
Technology, basic ideas are as follows: space is divided into several angular regions according to the position of source point, source point can be transmitting antenna can also
To be the mirror point after reflecting.After ray is launched from source point, as long as to ray and including the angular regions of ray
In object carry out asking friendship.There are also the acceleration as raypath search algorithm field, such as Bounding Box (Bounding
Box), quaternary tree subregion (Quadtree Division), the acceleration techniques such as Octree (Octree) subregion.In addition, dimension-reduction algorithm
It is also a kind of good accelerated mode, efficient ray trace program and retains its accuracy in order to obtain, it can be in non-three-dimensional
Ray tracing algorithm is executed under geometric space environment.Based on this thought, there is algorithm such as two dimension/standard three in this respect
Algorithm is tieed up, vertical plane emits (Vertical Plane Launch, VPL) algorithm etc..Generation is divided into Factorization algorithm and triangle
The space partitioning algorithm of table is also effective accelerating algorithm, and space partitioning algorithm can provide quick ray and pass through and efficiently penetrate
Line tracking, this is because the algorithm comparison for passing through network is fast and only carries out test for intersection to a small amount of object.
In order to promote the forecasting efficiency of ray trace, so so carrying out and passing through in the search of ray trace own path
Other algorithm improvement Wave Propagation Predictions are the developing direction of future studies.Under the guidance of this thought, the present invention carries out
Research to ray trace itself algorithm.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention is directed to realize in the precision for keeping ray tracing models prediction field strength
While to computation complexity improve, improve efficiency.The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that the data based on ray tracing models
Interpolation method field intensity prediction method, first progress scene modeling, carry out gridding, the rectangular mesh size phase of field strength for scene
Together, grid is uniformly distributed in entire scene areas；Then the field of grid element center point is calculated using positive ray tracing algorithm
Grid element center field strength calculated value is stored in database, then predicts entire field strength area using three step analysis data interpolating by intensity values
The field intensity value of any site in domain.
1) scene modeling: the geological information of scene and electromagnetic information are stored respectively；
2) scene grid: first carrying out scene partitioning in two-dimensional surface, then divides according to elevation information layering, finally
Form the grid dividing of entire scene areas three-dimensional space.
3) it ray trace: after scene grid divides, using positive ray tracing algorithm, is asked using field strength calculation method
Solution ray and the field intensity value for calculating each site, indoors in environment, field strength contribution margin very little when neglecting some arrival sites
Path only considers direct path, and single reflection path, reflection path, triple reflection path neglect the shadow of diffraction mechanism twice
It rings.
Specific step is as follows for the prediction of three step analysis data interpolating:
Analysis circle is established, analysis circle is a circle to establish to point site coordinate as center coordinate, if the length of mesh point
Wide high respectively x, y, z, then analyze round radius:
Step1: if there are central point distances to be less than R/10 around site, directly by the center field strength alternative field point
Field intensity value, the center of being equivalent to are dominant method；
Step2: it if N < 4, is predicted using distance-reverse weighting function；
Step3: analysis circle is more than or equal to 4 comprising site number, takes three-dimensional interpolation method, true using eight, periphery central point
Determine field strength.
Specific step is as follows for distance-reverse weighting function prediction:
Step1: given site coordinate predicts the site road according to N number of site at a distance from central point, is determined the use of
Diameter loss；
Step2: calculating distance of the site apart from each central point, the distance according to the site apart from not isocenter
Certain power value reciprocal is as weight W, specifically:
Assuming that site is d apart from each central point distance1,d2,d3,…,dn, wherein x is the degree of distance, and weight calculation is public
Formula is as follows:
Step3: site path loss values are gone out according to weight and each central point path loss values, weighted calculation, specifically
Calculation formula are as follows:
Predicted value is obtained, wherein HkFor k-th of central point path loss values.
Three-dimensional interpolation method carries out interpolation calculation in three-dimensional space, after giving site coordinate value (a, b, c), needs site
Eight target field points of surrounding are calculated, and process is as follows:
By site Unitary coordinate, floating-point coordinate is obtained after variation
(i+μ,j+ν,k+λ)
Wherein, i, j, k are integer, and μ, ν, λ are the variation size that decimal represents coordinate, and value range is in [0,1], the site
Field strength determines that coordinate can normalize by eight points of surrounding
(i,j,k),(i,j+1,k),(i+1,j,k),(i+1,j+1,k),(i,j,k+1),(i,j+1,k+1),(i+1,j,
k+1),(i+1,j+1,k+1)。
Then by following formula:
Determine site path loss values.
The features of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
A kind of three step analysis method data the present invention provides field intensity prediction based on ray tracing models, after application enhancements
Interpolation method, not only ensure that the correctness and accuracy of ray tracing models, but also improve predetermined speed to a certain extent.It mentions
High forecasting efficiency.As shown in fig. 7, more preferable using improved method effect.
Detailed description of the invention:
Data interpolations flow chart of the Fig. 1 based on ray tracing models.
Fig. 2 indoor scene networking instance graph.
Fig. 3 ray tracing algorithm flow chart.
Fig. 4 three step analysis method data interpolating flow chart.
The modeling of Fig. 5 indoor scene.
Fig. 6 ray trace calculates path loss values and measured value comparison diagram.
Fig. 7 is using interpolation algorithm and ray trace calculated value comparison diagram.
Specific embodiment
It carries out introducing data interpolating algorithm on the basis of Modeling Calculation using ray tracing algorithm, in conjunction with nearest neighbor point
Interpolation, inverse distance weighted sum Lagrange's interpolation propose three step analysis method, thus keeping ray tracing models to predict field
The improvement that computation complexity is realized while strong precision, improves efficiency.
Field intensity prediction is carried out based on the calculating field intensity value of ray tracing models.Indoors in scene environment, we are first
Scene is subjected to gridding, the rectangular mesh size of field strength is identical, and grid is uniformly distributed in entire scene areas.Then
The field intensity value that grid element center point is calculated using a kind of quick positive ray tracing algorithm, grid element center field strength calculated value is deposited
Enter to predict after database the field intensity value of any site in entire field strength region using three step analysis method data interpolating.Flow chart is such as
Fig. 1.
1) scene modeling.Model of place can be two dimensional model or threedimensional model, the ray based on three-dimensional scene models
Trace routine precision is higher；Model of place can be city, suburb or interior, for different model of place, be write
Ray trace program application is also different；Model of place can be automatically generated based on GIS electronic map, can also be based on CAD software
Oneself is drawn and obtains.Scene modeling is carried out for indoor environment, takes threedimensional model.It is soft using programming after establishing model of place
Scene database needed for part extracts the subsequent calculating of the model.In order to establish complete scene database, in the database I
The geological information of scene and electromagnetic information are stored respectively.It is stored as DXF file after CAD modeling, is extracting DXF text
Number of packages therefrom extracts bottom surface polygon, height, apex coordinate according to rear available character string information, face, split with vertex quantity etc.
Information, constructs subject, remove above-mentioned geological information also in object and include electromagnetic parameter conductivity magnetic conductivity and
The electromagnetic informations such as dielectric constant.
2) scene grid.After the completion of three-dimensional scenic modeling, gridding is carried out to scene, we can take one herein
The quasi- three-dimensional scene partitioning mode of kind, first carries out scene partitioning in two-dimensional surface, and then the layering of foundation elevation information divides, most
End form at entire scene areas three-dimensional space grid dividing.
3) ray trace.After scene grid divides, using positive ray tracing algorithm, asked using field strength calculation method
Solution ray and the field intensity value for calculating each site.Since in environment indoors, we are simplified model of place, for this
The path of field strength contribution margin very little, only considers direct path when environment scene can neglect some arrival sites, primary anti-
Rays diameter, reflection path, triple reflection path, are limited to the code realization degree of software development procedures twice, neglected around
The influence of mechanism is penetrated, but according to analysis of simulation result, algorithm accuracy is not affected greatly.
Present invention be described in more detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
1) scene modeling.Ray tracing models vector database modeling method includes two methods of two and three dimensions modeling,
In this patent in order to guarantee the operation accuracy of algorithm, trivector number should be established to research scene as far as possible
According to library.And electromagnetic data information includes the electromagnetic property parameters such as the dielectric constant of body surface, conductivity and magnetic conductivity in scene.
The forecasting accuracy of field strength is closely related with reflection coefficient, diffraction coefficient, and the determinant of these coefficients is exactly electromagnetic property ginseng
Number, then guaranteeing the accuracy of these data with regard to most important.We will illustrate that geometric data information and electromagnetic data are believed respectively
Cease the method for building up and process of field strength database.Since the modeling for scene database is independently completed by CAD drawing,
So we depict three-dimensional scenic first.
2) scene grid.In improving in ray tracing algorithm, the scene partitioning method of trigonometric ratio is taken.In data
During interpolation is improved, there is no continue Triangulation Algorithm to take rectangular mesh division methods for the simplicity of calculating for we.?
(ignore elevation information) first in two-dimensional space in scene domain and establishes the entire scene areas of rectangular mesh covering, the ruler of grid
It is very little to be adjusted according to counting accuracy requirement and scene environment size, it is set as the sizing grid of 0.1m*0.1m.Because
The field strength receiving point that we are predicted is usually mobile radio communication apparatus, so height will not be especially high in three-dimensional space,
It can be set to 1.5m, then layering carries out gridding in altitude range, is to be spaced in height space to be divided into five with 0.3m
Layer, thereby realizes all standing of three-dimensional space.Since ray trace field intensity prediction method is complete three-dimensional search, so only
It will be under receiving antenna fixing situation, so that it may realize the prediction of three-dimensional space field strength.After carrying out grid dividing, by scene ring
The field intensity value for being first about to each grid element center point after the gridding of border, which predicts, to be come, and by the field intensity value of each grid element center point,
Coordinate value is stored in database.The program realization of scene grid needs to find grid endpoint in the scene, and grid endpoint is carried out
Line segment connection can realize scene grid.Scene grid example is as shown in Figure 2.
3) field intensity prediction.Realize that the field strength of indoor scene calculates using a kind of positive ray trace calculation method of maturation,
This method improvement of passage path searching algorithm on the basis of basic positive ray tracing algorithm improves computational efficiency,
And the concept of ball is received using power ray tube and power, mode (really addition antenna is calculated with a kind of completely new field strength
The factor of volume) improve computational accuracy.Algorithm flow chart such as Fig. 3.It carries out for indoor Microcell scene based on ray trace mould
The field intensity prediction of type uses the algorithm of data interpolating, according to improved three step analysis method on this ray trace basis
We conducted improvement for data interpolating method, can be directed to the specific data analysing method of this model to search out.In radio wave propagation
In prediction, we pass through formula
P in formulaTIt is radiant power, PRIt is to receive power, d is distance of the receiving point to radiant, GT、GRIt is radiating antenna
Gain and receiving antenna gain, λ are the wavelength of electromagnetic wave.
It can be seen that the value of path loss is only related to the size of frequency and path distance in Free propagation space.?
In used scene, the prerequisite of our numerical interpolation prediction is that the constant situation of emission source is got off by known
The field strength coordinate of heart point predicts the field intensity value of unknown site.Emission source does not change, i.e., tranmitting frequency is constant, then at this time
The variable for influencing path loss is exactly path distance, and in the rectangular mesh that we set up, its propagation path away from
Deviation is not lesser.And for the path loss of reflection path, other than path distance and radiation frequencies, the electricity of reflecting surface
Magnetic system number is also important impact factor.The method that we use similar nearest neighbor point interpolation first.
The step of algorithm, is as follows；
Step1: being rectangular mesh by scene partitioning, and the path loss of grid element center point is found out using ray tracing algorithm
Each center point coordinate value and path loss values are stored in database by value
Step2: when giving any site coordinate, the grid element center point nearest apart from the site, the grid element center are found out
The representative grid position of point is the locating grid of given site
Step3: the path loss values of grid element center point are assigned to given site, that is, predicts the path loss values of site.
This method is just the same as simple nearest neighbor point interpolation, takes center dominant strategy, using this method prediction
Precision depends primarily on the size of grid, and when grid is sufficiently small, accuracy is naturally guaranteed, but need early period using ray with
The central point path loss that track calculates also increases, and computational complexity increases.
So improved on this algorithm, the algorithm being described above takes center to be dominant method, by the path of central point
Loss instead of entire net region, for the site at grid edge, take substitution method direct in this way be likely to result in compared with
Big error.We take improved method: improved center is dominant method.In order to further increase the precision of prediction, we are adopted
Innovatory algorithm is taken: the Lagrange's interpolation algorithm of three-dimensional space.The field strength that finally we carry out site with three step analysis method is pre-
It surveys.Specific step is as follows:
1., the improved center that the uses method that is dominant improve above-mentioned algorithm
Improved method is exactly to determine the site path loss using several central points on given site periphery.
Step1: given site coordinate predicts the site road according to N number of site at a distance from central point, is determined the use of
Diameter loss
Step2: calculating distance of the site apart from each central point, the distance according to the site apart from not isocenter
Certain power value reciprocal is as weight W.
Step3: according to weight and each central point path loss values, weighted calculation go out site path loss values to get
To predicted value.
Assuming that site is d apart from each central point distance1,d2,d3,…,dn, then weight can be calculated, wherein x is the side of distance
Secondary, it is 2 that we, which take x initial value, herein.
After determining weight, we can calculate the path loss values of site
Other than above-mentioned innovatory algorithm, we take the Lagrange's interpolation algorithm of three-dimensional space also to improve precisely
Degree.
2., using three-dimensional space Lagrange's interpolation algorithm improve precision
Interpolation calculation is carried out in three-dimensional space, after we give site coordinate value (a, b, c), is needed around site
Eight target field points calculated.Process is as follows
By site Unitary coordinate, floating-point coordinate is obtained after variation
(i+μ,j+ν,k+λ)
Wherein, i, j, k are integer, and μ, ν, λ are the variation size that decimal represents coordinate, value range [0,1), the site
Field strength determines that coordinate can normalize by eight points of surrounding
(i,j,k),(i,j+1,k),(i+1,j,k),(i+1,j+1,k),(i,j,k+1),(i,j+1,k+1),(i+1,j,
k+1),(i+1,j+1,k+1)。
Then site path loss values can be determined by following formula
According to the improvement of algorithm above, we take the field intensity prediction of three step analysis method progress site.
3., take three step analysis method carry out site field intensity prediction
We introduce the concept of analysis circle first.Analysis circle is using to putting establish as center coordinate one minute of site coordinate
Analysis circle, it would be desirable to different algorithm policies is taken according to the central point quantity N for being included in analysis circle, it is whole pre- to ensure
The accuracy of survey.The radius R for analyzing circle is related to the size of grid, if the length, width and height of mesh point are respectively x, y, z, then analyzes circle
Radius we can be in the hope of
As can be seen that the radius that we set the circumscribed circle of analysis radius of circle size and mesh point is equal.It sets up
After analysis circle, the algorithm used is judged according to the quantity of central point N in analysis circle.
Step1: if there are central point distances to be less than R/10 around site, directly by the center field strength alternative field point
Field intensity value, the center of being equivalent to are dominant method
Step2: it if N < 4, is predicted using distance-reverse weighting function
Step3: analysis circle is more than or equal to 4 comprising site number, takes three-dimensional interpolation method, true using eight, periphery central point
Determine field strength.
Finally realized with C# programming.As shown in Figure 4.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of data interpolations field intensity prediction method based on ray tracing models, characterized in that progress scene modeling first,
Scene is subjected to gridding, the rectangular mesh size of scene is identical, and grid is uniformly distributed in entire scene areas；Then
Grid element center field strength calculated value is stored in database by the field intensity value that grid element center point is calculated using positive ray tracing algorithm,
Then the field intensity value of any site in entire field strength region is predicted using three step analysis data interpolating；Three step analysis data interpolating
Specific step is as follows for prediction:
Analysis circle is established, analysis circle is a circle to establish to point site coordinate as center coordinate, if the length, width and height of mesh point
Respectively x, y, z then analyze round radius:
Step1: if there are central point distances to be less than R/10 around site, directly by the center field strength alternative field point field strength
Value is dominant method using center；
Step2: it if N < 4, is predicted using distance-reverse weighting function；
Step3: analysis circle is more than or equal to 4 comprising site number, takes three-dimensional interpolation method, determines field using eight, periphery central point
By force.
2. the data interpolations field intensity prediction method based on ray tracing models as described in claim 1, characterized in that
1) scene modeling: the geological information of scene and electromagnetic information are stored respectively；
2) scene grid: first carrying out scene partitioning in two-dimensional surface, then divides, ultimately forms according to elevation information layering
The grid dividing of entire scene areas three-dimensional space；
3) ray trace: after scene grid divides, the field intensity value of grid element center point is calculated using positive ray tracing algorithm,
Indoors in environment, the path of field strength contribution margin very little, only considers direct path, primary event when neglecting some arrival sites
Path, reflection path, triple reflection path neglect the influence of diffraction mechanism twice.
3. the data interpolations field intensity prediction method based on ray tracing models as described in claim 1, characterized in that distance
Specific step is as follows for the prediction of inverse weight method:
Step1: given site coordinate predicts that the site path is damaged according to N number of site at a distance from central point, is determined the use of
Consumption；
Step2: calculating distance of the site apart from each central point, the inverse distance according to the site apart from not isocenter
Certain power value as weight W, specifically:
Assuming that site is d apart from each central point distance1,d2,d3,…,dn, wherein x is the degree of distance, and weight calculation formula is such as
Under:
Step3: going out site path loss values according to weight and each central point path loss values, weighted calculation, specific to calculate
Formula are as follows:
Predicted value is obtained, wherein HkFor k-th of central point path loss values.
4. the data interpolations field intensity prediction method based on ray tracing models as described in claim 1, characterized in that three-dimensional
Interpolation method carries out interpolation calculation in three-dimensional space, after giving site coordinate value (a, b, c), needs eight mesh around site
Mark site is calculated, and process is as follows:
By site Unitary coordinate, floating-point coordinate is obtained after variation
(i+μ,j+ν,k+λ)
Wherein, i, j, k are integer, and μ, ν, λ are the variation size that decimal represents coordinate, and value range is in [0,1], the site field strength
Determine that coordinate can normalize by eight points of surrounding
(i,j,k),(i,j+1,k),(i+1,j,k),(i+1,j+1,k),(i,j,k+1),(i,j+1,k+1),(i+1,j,k+
1),(i+1,j+1,k+1)；
Then by following formula:
Determine site path loss values.
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