CN1065225C - Explosives for application in bulk or cartridge form - Google Patents

Explosives for application in bulk or cartridge form Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1065225C
CN1065225C CN94103248A CN94103248A CN1065225C CN 1065225 C CN1065225 C CN 1065225C CN 94103248 A CN94103248 A CN 94103248A CN 94103248 A CN94103248 A CN 94103248A CN 1065225 C CN1065225 C CN 1065225C
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
explosive
ammonium nitrate
density
emulsion
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN94103248A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN1106776A (en
Inventor
B·R·彼得森
K·汉托
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dyno Nobel ASA
Dyno Nobel Inc
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Dyno Nobel Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NO923248A priority Critical patent/NO176140C/en
Application filed by Dyno Nobel Inc filed Critical Dyno Nobel Inc
Priority to CN94103248A priority patent/CN1065225C/en
Priority to CA002115820A priority patent/CA2115820C/en
Priority to US08/197,704 priority patent/US5431757A/en
Priority to AU55193/94A priority patent/AU677617B2/en
Priority to BR9400612A priority patent/BR9400612A/en
Priority to NZ250912A priority patent/NZ250912A/en
Priority claimed from SE9400564A external-priority patent/SE513689C2/en
Publication of CN1106776A publication Critical patent/CN1106776A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN1065225C publication Critical patent/CN1065225C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
    • C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
    • C06B47/145—Water in oil emulsion type explosives in which a carbonaceous fuel forms the continuous phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to an explosive which is sensitive to a detonator or a detonating agent and is used in a blasthole in a bulk mode or an explosive charge form. Oxidizer salt of the explosive is ammonium nitrate of which the untamped density is 0.3 to o.75 g/cm<3>, sodium nitrate and/or calcium nitrate. An explosive of the claim of right 1 can be a w-i-o emulsion explosive, wherein a discontinuous phase is aqueous solution of the oxidizer salt, and 10 to 80% of the gross weight of the explosive is composed of low-density ammonium nitrate. ANFO, HANFO and a hydrogel explosive composed of the oxidizer salt of which the untamped packing density is 0.3 to o.75 g/cm<3> are the implementing examples of the explosive of the present invention. The explosive is especially suitable for blastholes with middle size and small size, without a sensitizing agent or a density dropping agent.

Description

Explosive to detonator or detonator sensitivity
What the present invention relates to is the explosive to detonator or detonator sensitivity that is used in the in bulk or explosive packet mode in the borehole, and this explosive contains ammonium nitrate, SODIUMNITRATE and/or nitrocalcite as oxidation source.More particularly, related explosive is w-i-o emulsion, ammonium nitrate combustion oil (ANFO) explosive or heavy ANFO (HANFO) explosive.
Just need to adopt sensitizing agent for making above-mentioned explosive in this little borehole, obtain enough sensitivity.For promoting explosion, can add glass envelope, microballoon or aeration agent so that inflation and active point or " focus " to be provided resemble the Sodium Nitrite.The such inert component of adding glass envelope can reduce the energy/volume ratio of explosive.Another problem is that explosive can damage glass or bubble when producing or be subjected to intrinsic pressure between the usage period.It is low that the remolding sensitivity of explosive is wished, detonation velocity reduced, even can not explode.
From U.S. Pat, 4,111, known a kind of pair of component w-i-o explosive compositions in 727, this explosive compositions comprise that the w-i-o emulsion that contains the oxidizer salt aqueous solution and oil as external phase of the 10-40% that accounts for gross weight reaches a large amount of solid particulate oxidizer salts that account for the 60-90% of gross weight with its blended.In order to provide required " focus " promoting blast, the ANFO structure that emulsion only should part filling explosive or the space of particle AN part.For little borehole, as long as this explosive has desirable sensitivity to limit the ratio of ANFO/ emulsion a little.In the U.S. Pat 4,181,546 of above-mentioned United States Patent (USP) sequential portion, particularly when requiring to have higher water resistance, usually need to add the sensitizing agent that resembles hollow glass and analogous material for such HANFO explosive.
At EP 0256669A 2In a kind of density height has been described, and can produce the free-pouring ammonium nitrate of dryness (AN) blasting explosives composition of high detonation velocity.This explosive is by particle AN, and carbonaceous fuel and a kind of polymkeric substance constitute.Used AN is that it is not tamped tap density and reaches 0.85-0.95g/cm 3High-density AN.Preferably use the microparticle of particle size as 0.5-1.7mm.This microparticle can make particle obtain intensive filling, and maintains enough spaces and clearance space between blasting explosive granules, thereby makes the effect of mixture burster.According to the description of this patent, the AN of the microparticle that this is intensive has bigger packing density and the detonation velocity of Geng Gao than the low-density AN of porous.Yet this effect is only limited to the ANFO type explosive that contains polymkeric substance, and during high if desired detonation velocity, adopts the AN of very thin particle size, i.e. microparticle.
Main purpose of the present invention is to obtain a kind of the use to resemble microballoon, and for example the so expensive explosive sensitizer of the particulate of occlusion air can explode and not have the explosive of the limitation and the defective of known explosive in borehole.
Second purpose of the present invention be obtain can diameter less than the borehole of 127mm in blast and do not use the emulsion or the HANFO explosive of density depressant.
Also purpose of the present invention is to obtain in small diameter blasthole with detonable explosive in bulk and that two kinds of forms of blasting explosive package are used.
What the inventor at first related to is the sensitivity that improves the emulsion-type explosive that is used for the small-medium size borehole, and sets about testing the various oxidizer salts that are used for discontinuous water explosive.A reason of carrying out this experiment is to write down the limitation of HANFO explosive when not having the occlusion air.In order to prevent this limitation, just need test the discontinuous phase of emulsion and salt.Though the purposes of the intensive AN that the porous AN that is write down is more such than little metallic particles is lacked, the inventor still determines low density AN is tested, this also just determines to oppose general view, this received view is thought: if used AN density is lower than common, then the Energy value of explosive and detonation velocity will be very low.Therefore, test is begun by the low density AN more than porous AN commonly used.Test is to carry out in diameter is the different steel pipes of 43mm-64mm.These tests are also carried out in the plastics tubing of 83mm-103mm under water.Thereby find to have when being lower than 0.75 not compacting tap density as AN, explosive explodes in the steel pipe of 43mm He in the underwater 103mm plastics tubing.Under corresponding condition, promptly do not add sensitizing agent resemble the microballoon, the explosive of being made up of greater than 0.75 AN commonly used tap density is not blast in the steel pipe of 64mm at diameter, and blast is not exclusively in the plastics tubing of underwater 103mm.
Other tests are the validity of check low density oxygenant to small diameter blasthole.Density is lower than 0.75g/cm 3CN and NaN also will be available.Also can use low density AN, CN and/or NaN mixture.
Continuously hydrocarbon phase and emulsifying agent are as in the described conventional emulsions explosive of top prior art.The hydrocarbon that is suitable for comprises oil fuel, aromatic hydrocarbon, petroleum naphtha, paraffin, wax, vegetables oil.The emulsifying agent that is suitable for comprises anhydro sorbitol list oleic acid (SMO) and its derivative, polyisobutene (PIB) derivative and polyisobutene Succinic Acid (PIBSA) derivative.
The surprising effect of this new explosive is that it can made and bear higher static state and dynamic pressure than emulsion or HANFO explosive commonly used between the usage period, and reducing sensitivity not.
Scope of the present invention such as additional claim limit.
Below infinite embodiment further specify the present invention.
Embodiment 1
This embodiment shows the fire test of various porous AN in steel pipe in the different w-i-o emulsion explosive of the present invention.Hydrocarbon phase is mineral oil and the emulsifying agent of using always (SMO) commonly used continuously.All explosive is in oxygen balance.Do not use density depressant or sensitizing agent.It the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1
Emulsion AN* %AN (weight) Density VOD Diameter
A C A A D A A A D C 0.83 0.74 0.74 0.68 0.68 0.57 1) 0.57 1) 0.57 0.57 1) 0.57 1) 30 40 40 30 40 30 30 30 30 30 1.40 1.33 1.34 1.32 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.29 1.27 1.32 Not quick-fried not blast 2100 blasts 2,500 2,300 2,700 2700 blasts/not quick-fried 64 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 64/43
A: the oxidizing agent solution that contains AN, NaN, ethylene glycol and water
C: the oxidizing agent solution that contains AN, CN and water
D: the oxidizing agent solution that contains AN and water
*: compacted density not, those have mark 1) be to mix with oil fuel and make the AN of ANFO.
As shown in table 1, AN density be 0.74 or the emulsion (sensitive A type) of less dense in the pipe of 43mm, explode, even and AN density commonly used to be 0.83 emulsion do not explode in the pipe of 64mm yet.AN density be 0.68 and the emulsion explosive (D type) commonly used especially of less dense in the pipe of 43mm, explode.In test, the 3rd and least fail in the pipe of 43mm blast and exploding in the pipe of most porous AN at 64mm of sensitive emulsion (C type).
Embodiment 2
This embodiment is and the underwater fire test of explosive of embodiment 1 same types, does not use density depressant or sensitizing agent.Energy and VOD measure in the dark PVC plastics tubing of 10m.Test result is shown in table 2.
Table 2
Emulsion AN* %A (weight) Density Energy VOD Diameter
A A A A D A A A D C 0.83 0.74 0.74 0.68 0.68 0.57 1) 0.57 1) 0.57 0.57 1) 0.57 1) 40 30 30 30 40 30 30 30 30 30 1.48 1.40 1.42 1.39 1.35 1.39 1.36 1.35 1.33 1.39 Not quick-fried 65 62 80 60 91 91 93 96 70 Not quick-fried not quick-fried not quick-fried 2500 not quick-fried 2,800 2,300 2,600 2800 is not quick-fried 103 103 83 103 83 103 103 103 103 103
A: the oxidizing agent solution that contains AN, SN, ethylene glycol and water
C: the oxidizing agent solution that contains AN, CN and water
D: the oxidizing agent solution that contains AN and water
*: compacted density not, those have mark 1) be to mix with oil fuel and make the AN of ANFO.
Density is to record under the pressure of 1 crust
Energy is that the % with theoretical energy provides.
This embodiment shows, when the density of AN is 0.68 or when lower, can obtain high-octane blast with A type emulsifying agent, also produces high-octane blast when density is 0.57 D type emulsifying agent.Least sensitive emulsion (C type) is even be that blast in 0.57 o'clock is also incomplete in AN density, but its energy level is than the A type height of high AN density, if it is enough low therefore to have reason imagination AN density, various emulsions of the present invention all can use.The most frequently used AN density is 0.83 and 0.74 not blast of sensitive A type emulsion.
According to the present invention, can obtain just can (explosive that explodes in the borehole of 5 "), this explosive use the sensitizing agent that resembles granulated glass sphere, microballoon, aeration agent etc. less than 127mm at diameter by detonator commonly used.By using low density oxidizer salt, particularly density is 0.3-0.7g/cm 3AN can reach this purpose.
Use described low density salt effective especially in emulsion and HANFO explosive.
When needs higher sensitivity and/or low bulk strength, it also is effective adopting low density AN in the ANFO explosive.
Containing not, compacted density is 0.3-0.75g/cm 3The hydrogel of AN or oil-in-water (o-i-w) explosive also is the embodiment according to explosive of the present invention.
Above novel emulsion can use with the ANFO of ANFO commonly used or low density AN and constitute the HANFO explosive that does not use special sensitizing agent in small diameter blasthole, to explode.
Owing to density very high in borehole, and owing to do not contain the cause of any inert additwe; Explosive energy value of the present invention is very high.This explosive can bear higher static state and dynamic pressure than the explosive with bubble sensitization.
These new explosives are suitable for use in the borehole of diameter less than 127mm most, but also can be used in the bigger borehole.
The manufacturing of these new explosives is simple, and its cost is lower than similar explosive commonly used.
The explosive that contains the low density oxidizer salt of the present invention is not limited in resembling in the special formulation of the known the sort of explosive that does not contain density depressant explosive.This new explosive can use with the form of in bulk or blasting explosive package.

Claims (6)

1. w-i-o emulsion explosive to detonator or trigger sensitivity, this explosive is used for the borehole of diameter less than 127mm, wherein said emulsion comprises an external phase and a discontinuous phase, described external phase is carbonaceous fuel, described discontinuous phase is the aqueous solution of saline oxide, and described saline oxide is selected from ammonium nitrate, SODIUMNITRATE, nitrocalcite and their mixture; And wherein by this explosive gross weight, described explosive also comprises the ammonium nitrate of 10-80% (weight), and it does not tamp tap density is 0.3-0.7g/cm 3Prerequisite is that described explosive does not contain sensitizing agent or density depressant.
2. the explosive of claim 1, wherein said carbonaceous fuel is selected from oil fuel, aromatic hydrocarbon, petroleum naphtha, paraffin, wax and vegetables oil.
3. one kind is used for diameter less than the 127mm borehole and to the explosive of detonator or trigger sensitivity, this explosive comprises w-i-o emulsion explosive and ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFO), described w-i-o emulsion explosive has the external phase of a carbonaceous fuel and the water of a saline oxide, and described saline oxide is selected from ammonium nitrate, SODIUMNITRATE, nitrocalcite and their mixture; Wherein said ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive partly accounts for the 10-80% of whole explosive composition gross weight, and wherein has 0.3-0.7g/cm to small part ammonium nitrate 3Not compacting tap density; Prerequisite is that described explosive does not contain sensitizing agent or density depressant.
4. the explosive of claim 3, wherein said carbonaceous fuel is selected from oil fuel, aromatic hydrocarbon, petroleum naphtha, paraffin, wax and vegetables oil.
5. one kind is used for diameter less than the 127mm borehole and to the explosive of detonator or trigger sensitivity, and this explosive obtains by following method, and this method comprises mixes following ingredients:
(1) a kind of emulsion, it comprises one is that the external phase of carbonaceous fuel and one are the discontinuous phases of the saline oxide aqueous solution, described saline oxide is selected from ammonium nitrate, SODIUMNITRATE, nitrocalcite and their mixture; With
(2) by the gross weight of described explosive, the ammonium nitrate of 10-80%, it has 0.3-0.7g/cm 3Do not tamp tap density.
6. one kind is used for diameter less than the 127mm borehole and to detonator or quote the explosive of quick-fried device sensitivity, and this explosive obtains by following method, and this method comprises mixes following ingredients:
(1) a kind of w-i-o emulsion explosive, it contains one is that the external phase of carbonaceous fuel and one are the discontinuous phases of the saline oxide aqueous solution, described saline oxide is selected from ammonium nitrate, SODIUMNITRATE, nitrocalcite and their mixture; With
(2) ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive (ANFD), wherein said ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive partly accounts for the 10-80% of whole explosive composition gross weight, and wherein has 0.3-0.7g/cm to the small part sell ammonium 3Not compacting tap density.
CN94103248A 1992-08-19 1994-02-13 Explosives for application in bulk or cartridge form Expired - Fee Related CN1065225C (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO923248A NO176140C (en) 1992-08-19 1992-08-19 Explosives for use in bulk or patterned form
CN94103248A CN1065225C (en) 1992-08-19 1994-02-13 Explosives for application in bulk or cartridge form
CA002115820A CA2115820C (en) 1992-08-19 1994-02-16 Explosives for application in bulk or cartridge form
AU55193/94A AU677617B2 (en) 1992-08-19 1994-02-17 Explosives for application in bulk or cartridge form
US08/197,704 US5431757A (en) 1992-08-19 1994-02-17 Water in oil emulsion explosives containing a nitrate salt with an untamped density of 0.30-0.75 g/cm3
BR9400612A BR9400612A (en) 1992-08-19 1994-02-18 Explosive sensitive to fuze or reinforcer
NZ250912A NZ250912A (en) 1992-08-19 1994-02-18 Ammonium, sodium and/or calcium nitrate explosives with increased sensitivity

Applications Claiming Priority (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO923248A NO176140C (en) 1992-08-19 1992-08-19 Explosives for use in bulk or patterned form
CN94103248A CN1065225C (en) 1992-08-19 1994-02-13 Explosives for application in bulk or cartridge form
CA002115820A CA2115820C (en) 1992-08-19 1994-02-16 Explosives for application in bulk or cartridge form
AU55193/94A AU677617B2 (en) 1992-08-19 1994-02-17 Explosives for application in bulk or cartridge form
US08/197,704 US5431757A (en) 1992-08-19 1994-02-17 Water in oil emulsion explosives containing a nitrate salt with an untamped density of 0.30-0.75 g/cm3
SE9400564A SE513689C2 (en) 1994-02-18 1994-02-18 Sensitive v-in-o-emulsion explosive for ignition caps and detonators
BR9400612A BR9400612A (en) 1992-08-19 1994-02-18 Explosive sensitive to fuze or reinforcer
NZ250912A NZ250912A (en) 1992-08-19 1994-02-18 Ammonium, sodium and/or calcium nitrate explosives with increased sensitivity

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN1106776A CN1106776A (en) 1995-08-16
CN1065225C true CN1065225C (en) 2001-05-02

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CN94103248A Expired - Fee Related CN1065225C (en) 1992-08-19 1994-02-13 Explosives for application in bulk or cartridge form

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5431757A (en)
CN (1) CN1065225C (en)
AU (1) AU677617B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9400612A (en)
CA (1) CA2115820C (en)
NO (1) NO176140C (en)
NZ (1) NZ250912A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103242115A (en) * 2013-05-14 2013-08-14 山东圣世达化工有限责任公司 Water gel and ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive and production method thereof

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5490887A (en) * 1992-05-01 1996-02-13 Dyno Nobel Inc. Low density watergel explosive composition
CA2161200C (en) * 1994-10-24 2004-01-13 Andrew Richard Method for the production of an ammonium nitrate fuel oil blasting composition having improved water resistance
US6761781B1 (en) * 1997-12-05 2004-07-13 Dyno Nobel Inc. High density ANFO
AUPP366198A0 (en) * 1998-05-22 1998-06-18 Orica Australia Pty Ltd Anfo composition
US6214140B1 (en) * 1999-09-22 2001-04-10 Universal Tech Corporation Development of new high energy blasting products using demilitarized ammonium picrate

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EP0256669A2 (en) * 1986-08-05 1988-02-24 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Improved dry ammonium nitrate blasting agents
US5078813A (en) * 1987-04-06 1992-01-07 Mississippi Chemical Corporation Exposive grade ammonium nitrate
EP0514037A1 (en) * 1991-04-30 1992-11-19 Ici Canada Inc. Method for reducing the density of ammonium nitrate

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AU515896B2 (en) * 1976-11-09 1981-05-07 Atlas Powder Company Water-in-oil explosive
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EP0256669A2 (en) * 1986-08-05 1988-02-24 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Improved dry ammonium nitrate blasting agents
US5078813A (en) * 1987-04-06 1992-01-07 Mississippi Chemical Corporation Exposive grade ammonium nitrate
EP0514037A1 (en) * 1991-04-30 1992-11-19 Ici Canada Inc. Method for reducing the density of ammonium nitrate

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103242115A (en) * 2013-05-14 2013-08-14 山东圣世达化工有限责任公司 Water gel and ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive and production method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO176140C (en) 1996-04-09
NO923248D0 (en) 1992-08-19
US5431757A (en) 1995-07-11
BR9400612A (en) 1995-10-24
NO923248L (en) 1994-02-21
CA2115820A1 (en) 1995-08-17
CN1106776A (en) 1995-08-16
CA2115820C (en) 2004-06-01
AU677617B2 (en) 1997-05-01
NO176140B (en) 1994-10-31
NZ250912A (en) 1996-06-25
AU5519394A (en) 1995-09-07

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