CN106513949A - Non-filling argon protective butt welding method suitable for inner walls of small and medium-diameter austenitic stainless steel pipes - Google Patents
Non-filling argon protective butt welding method suitable for inner walls of small and medium-diameter austenitic stainless steel pipes Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000011814 protection agent Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
- B23K9/028—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams
- B23K9/0282—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams for welding tube sections
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- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种适用于中小径奥氏体不锈钢管内壁免充氩保护对接焊接方法，它包括以下步骤：（a）在待焊接不锈钢管端面制作坡口，使得坡口钝边厚度大于1mm；（b）在钝边和不锈钢焊丝表面涂抹免充氩保护剂，进行根部打底层氩弧焊接，随后打磨焊层外表面以保证无焊渣残留；（c）使用未涂抹免充氩保护剂的不锈钢焊丝继续逐层焊接至焊层厚度大于4mm，每层焊接时打磨焊层外表面以保证无焊渣残留；（d）继续焊接至焊缝成型。通过在不锈钢管端面制作坡口，并且在钝边和不锈钢焊丝表面涂抹免充氩保护剂，这样使得焊层内表面与空气接触面发生反应生成无机保护膜，并紧密附着于焊缝内表面，避免过度使用为焊缝引入杂质元素及不必要的成本浪费。
The present invention relates to a butt welding method suitable for the inner wall of medium and small-diameter austenitic stainless steel pipe without argon filling protection, which comprises the following steps: (a) making a bevel on the end face of the stainless steel pipe to be welded, so that the thickness of the blunt edge of the bevel is greater than 1mm; (b) Apply argon-free protective agent on the blunt edge and the surface of the stainless steel wire, perform argon arc welding of the root primer, and then polish the outer surface of the weld layer to ensure that there is no residue of welding slag; (c) use argon-free protective agent that is not applied The stainless steel welding wire continues to be welded layer by layer until the thickness of the weld layer is greater than 4mm. When welding each layer, the outer surface of the weld layer is polished to ensure that there is no residue of welding slag; (d) continue to weld until the weld is formed. By making a bevel on the end face of the stainless steel pipe, and applying argon-free protective agent on the blunt edge and the surface of the stainless steel wire, the inner surface of the welding layer reacts with the air contact surface to form an inorganic protective film, which is closely attached to the inner surface of the weld. Avoid excessive use to introduce impurity elements and unnecessary cost waste into the weld.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于焊接技术领域，涉及一种免充氩保护焊接方法，具体涉及一种适用于中小径奥氏体不锈钢管内壁免充氩保护对接焊接方法。The invention belongs to the field of welding technology, and relates to an argon-free protection welding method, in particular to an argon-free protection butt welding method suitable for the inner wall of a medium-small diameter austenitic stainless steel pipe.
背景技术Background technique
核电站常规岛中小径不锈钢管道主要材质为304/316/316L奥氏体不锈钢，该系列不锈钢具有优良的耐腐蚀性、耐热性和塑性、可焊性良好；对接焊接过程中，现场采用氩弧焊或氩弧加电弧焊方式进行焊接实施。为保证背面焊接质量，防止背部氧化，需持续进行内壁充氩保护至焊缝壁厚超过4mm。但个别焊口因受管径、接头形式、焊缝位置、焊接顺序的限制，常无法进行内壁充氩保护，而采用母材内壁两侧涂抹免充氩保护剂方式替代进行防氧化保护。The main material of small and medium-diameter stainless steel pipes in conventional islands of nuclear power plants is 304/316/316L austenitic stainless steel. This series of stainless steel has excellent corrosion resistance, heat resistance, plasticity, and good weldability; Welding is carried out by welding or argon arc plus arc welding. In order to ensure the welding quality of the back side and prevent oxidation of the back side, it is necessary to continuously protect the inner wall with argon filling until the thickness of the weld seam exceeds 4mm. However, due to the limitations of pipe diameter, joint form, weld position, and welding sequence, individual welding joints often cannot be protected by argon filling on the inner wall. Instead, argon-free protective agent is applied on both sides of the inner wall of the base metal for anti-oxidation protection.
内壁两侧合理控制涂抹免充氩保护剂，可有效提高现场焊接效率，改进焊口根部成型及焊缝质量效果。常规免充氩保护焊接方式因涂抹过程无程序规范限制，对于中小径管道，现场实施免充氩保护的个别焊口均存在管径、位置等外部限制，免充氩剂对两侧母材内壁涂抹的过程必然存在盲区，局部涂抹量过少，会导致局部防护失效，并引起焊缝成型不良，焊缝成型检验无法合格；局部涂抹量过大，免充氩保护剂无法全部溶解于熔池发生反应，导致存在受热结渣，且无法溶解于管系内介质中，投入使用后结渣脱落，对中小径管道下游泵叶、阀门带来异物风险。Reasonably controlling the application of argon-free protective agent on both sides of the inner wall can effectively improve the efficiency of on-site welding, improve the formation of the root of the weld and the quality of the weld. The conventional argon-free protection welding method has no program specification restrictions in the smearing process. For small and medium-sized pipes, there are external restrictions such as pipe diameter and position at the individual welding joints that implement argon-free protection on site. There must be blind spots in the process of smearing. If the amount of local smearing is too small, the local protection will fail, and the welding seam will be poorly formed, and the weld forming inspection will fail to pass; if the local smearing amount is too large, the argon-free protective agent cannot be completely dissolved in the molten pool The reaction occurs, resulting in slagging due to heat, which cannot be dissolved in the medium in the piping system. After being put into use, the slagging falls off, which brings foreign matter risks to the downstream pump blades and valves of medium and small diameter pipelines.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的是为了克服现有技术的不足而提供一种适用于中小径奥氏体不锈钢管内壁免充氩保护对接焊接方法。The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide an argon-free protection butt welding method suitable for the inner wall of austenitic stainless steel pipes with medium and small diameters.
为达到上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案为：一种适用于中小径奥氏体不锈钢管内壁免充氩保护对接焊接方法，它包括以下步骤：In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a method for butt welding without argon protection on the inner wall of austenitic stainless steel pipes with medium and small diameters, which includes the following steps:
（a）在待焊接不锈钢管端面制作坡口，使得所述坡口钝边厚度大于1mm；(a) Make a groove on the end face of the stainless steel pipe to be welded so that the thickness of the blunt side of the groove is greater than 1mm;
（b）在所述钝边和不锈钢焊丝表面涂抹免充氩保护剂，进行根部打底层氩弧焊接，随后打磨焊层外表面以保证无焊渣残留；(b) Apply argon-free protective agent on the blunt edge and the surface of the stainless steel wire, perform argon arc welding of the root primer, and then polish the outer surface of the welding layer to ensure that there is no welding slag residue;
（c）使用未涂抹免充氩保护剂的不锈钢焊丝继续逐层焊接至焊层厚度大于4mm，每层焊接时打磨焊层外表面以保证无焊渣残留；(c) Use stainless steel welding wire that has not been coated with argon-free protective agent to continue welding layer by layer until the thickness of the welding layer is greater than 4mm. When welding each layer, polish the outer surface of the welding layer to ensure that there is no welding slag residue;
（d）继续焊接至焊缝成型。(d) Continue welding until the weld is formed.
优化地，所述步骤（b）中，涂抹免充氩保护剂后进行检查确保所述钝边两侧无免充氩保护剂粘附。Optimally, in the step (b), after applying the argon-free protective agent, an inspection is performed to ensure that there is no argon-free protective agent adhering to both sides of the blunt edge.
进一步地，所述步骤（b）中，进行根部打底层氩弧焊接时确保层间温度不超过150℃。Further, in the step (b), ensure that the interlayer temperature does not exceed 150° C. when performing argon arc welding of the root primer.
进一步地，所述步骤（b）和所述步骤（c）中，打磨焊层外表面去除焊缝厚度的1/3以保证无焊渣残留。Further, in the step (b) and the step (c), the outer surface of the welding layer is ground to remove 1/3 of the thickness of the weld seam to ensure that no welding slag remains.
优化地，所述步骤（c）中，当每层焊接存在多道焊道时，后焊焊道压住先焊焊道的1/3~1/2。Optimally, in the step (c), when there are multiple weld passes in each layer of welding, the latter weld pass presses 1/3~1/2 of the first weld pass.
由于上述技术方案运用，本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点：本发明适用于中小径奥氏体不锈钢管内壁免充氩保护对接焊接方法，通过在不锈钢管端面制作坡口，并且在钝边和不锈钢焊丝表面涂抹免充氩保护剂，这样在焊接时钝边完全熔化使得焊层内表面与空气接触面发生反应生成无机保护膜，并紧密附着于焊缝内表面；焊缝内壁不再涂抹免充氩保护剂，不存在内壁过量涂抹后余料受热结渣带来异物风险；免充氩保护剂用量合理，避免过度使用为焊缝引入杂质元素及不必要的成本浪费。Due to the application of the above-mentioned technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art: the present invention is suitable for the argon-free protection butt welding method on the inner wall of austenitic stainless steel pipes with medium and small diameters, by making grooves on the end faces of stainless steel pipes, and blunt The edge and the surface of the stainless steel wire are coated with argon-free protective agent, so that the blunt edge is completely melted during welding, so that the inner surface of the welding layer reacts with the air contact surface to form an inorganic protective film, which is closely attached to the inner surface of the weld; the inner wall of the weld is no longer Apply argon-free protective agent, and there is no risk of foreign matter caused by slagging of the remaining material after excessive application on the inner wall; the dosage of argon-free protective agent is reasonable to avoid excessive use of impurity elements into the weld and unnecessary cost waste.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明适用于中小径奥氏体不锈钢管内壁免充氩保护对接焊接方法的部分流程图。Fig. 1 is a partial flow chart of the present invention applicable to the argon-free protection butt welding method for the inner wall of austenitic stainless steel pipes with medium and small diameters.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将结合附图对本发明优选实施方案进行详细说明。The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，本发明适用于中小径奥氏体不锈钢管内壁免充氩保护对接焊接方法，它包括以下步骤：As shown in Fig. 1, the present invention is applicable to the argon-free protection butt welding method for the inner wall of medium and small diameter austenitic stainless steel pipes, and it comprises the following steps:
（a）在待焊接不锈钢管端面制作坡口（该坡口如图1所示，两个不锈钢管之间的焊缝由其内表面向外表面逐渐变大，而与内表面相邻的坡口钝边间形成环形柱状缝隙），使得坡口钝边厚度P大于1mm；(a) Make a groove on the end surface of the stainless steel pipe to be welded (the groove is shown in Figure 1, the weld between two stainless steel pipes gradually becomes larger from the inner surface to the outer surface, and the slope adjacent to the inner surface A ring-shaped columnar gap is formed between the blunt edges of the groove), so that the thickness P of the blunt edge of the groove is greater than 1mm;
（b）在钝边和不锈钢焊丝表面涂抹免充氩保护剂（免充氩保护剂用量合理，避免过度使用为焊缝引入杂质元素及不必要的成本浪费），涂抹免充氩保护剂后进行检查确保钝边两侧无免充氩保护剂粘附（替代常规母材内壁涂抹方式，以达到对熔池充分保护效果且避免了不可溶异物残留）；随后利用涂抹免充氩保护剂的不锈钢焊丝进行根部打底层（打底层为与坡口钝边相对应的缝隙区域）氩弧焊接（焊接参数参见表1），打底层焊接完成后，钝边完全熔化，焊层内表面与空气接触面发生反应，生成无机保护膜（该无机保护膜可逐步溶解于介质中，在工况条件下逐步溶解），并紧密附着于焊缝内表面，达到防氧化保护效果，且焊接成型质量佳；焊层外表面氩弧焊枪气保护作用区域形成少量焊渣，凝固于焊缝外表面，随后打磨焊层外表面去除对应焊缝厚度的1/3以保证无焊渣残留；(b) Apply argon-free protective agent on the blunt edge and the surface of the stainless steel wire (the amount of argon-free protective agent is reasonable to avoid excessive use of impurity elements and unnecessary cost waste for the weld), and then carry out the application after applying the argon-free protective agent. Check to ensure that there is no argon-free protective agent on both sides of the blunt edge (instead of the conventional method of coating the inner wall of the base metal to achieve sufficient protection for the molten pool and avoid residues of insoluble foreign matter); then use stainless steel coated with argon-free protective agent The welding wire is used for root primer (the primer is the gap area corresponding to the blunt edge of the groove) argon arc welding (see Table 1 for welding parameters). React to form an inorganic protective film (the inorganic protective film can gradually dissolve in the medium and gradually dissolve under working conditions), and closely adhere to the inner surface of the weld to achieve the effect of anti-oxidation protection, and the welding quality is good; A small amount of welding slag is formed in the gas shielding area of the outer surface of the layer, which solidifies on the outer surface of the weld, and then the outer surface of the welding layer is polished to remove 1/3 of the corresponding weld thickness to ensure that there is no welding slag residue;
（c）使用未涂抹免充氩保护剂的同规格不锈钢焊丝继续逐层焊接至焊层整体厚度大于4mm，单层焊接时打磨去除外表面1/3焊缝厚度（焊层对应焊缝的厚度），并保证无明显观察到焊渣残留；单层焊接中如存在多道焊道，后焊焊道需压先焊焊道的1/3~1/2；(c) Use stainless steel welding wire of the same specification that has not been coated with argon-free protective agent to continue welding layer by layer until the overall thickness of the welding layer is greater than 4mm. When welding a single layer, remove 1/3 of the weld thickness on the outer surface (the thickness of the weld layer corresponds to the weld seam ), and ensure that there is no obvious observation of welding slag residue; if there are multiple weld passes in single-layer welding, the subsequent welding pass should be pressed by 1/3~1/2 of the previous welding pass;
（d）继续焊接至焊缝成型。(d) Continue welding until the weld is formed.
上述步骤的优点在于：针对核电站常规岛中小径不锈钢管道焊接质量要求高，管道防异物风险要求严，而对因受管径、接头形式、焊缝位置、焊接顺序限制的个别焊口进行工序规范操作的免充氩焊接实施方法，无需增加额外特殊设备或耗材，可有效提高中小口径奥氏体不锈钢管道免充氩焊接接头质量合格率，避免内壁异物残留为机组安全运行带来的隐患。The advantages of the above steps are: for the high welding quality requirements of small and medium-diameter stainless steel pipes in the conventional island of nuclear power plants, and the strict requirements on the risk of preventing foreign objects in the pipelines, the process specification is carried out for individual welds that are limited by pipe diameter, joint form, weld position, and welding sequence. The operation method of argon-free welding does not need to add additional special equipment or consumables, which can effectively improve the qualified rate of argon-free welding joints of small and medium-sized austenitic stainless steel pipes, and avoid the hidden dangers caused by the residual foreign matter on the inner wall to the safe operation of the unit.
在本实施例中，所述步骤（b）中，进行根部打底层氩弧焊接时降低热输入水平以确保层间温度不超过150℃，避免根层焊缝因不锈钢热传导率低引起焊缝内表面超温，氧化加快，同时有效改善根层焊缝的塑韧性能。步骤（b）和步骤（c）中的焊接工艺基本一致，其可根据焊层外表面焊渣残留量调节层间打磨量。而步骤（d）中的焊接工艺与步骤（b）中的略有不同，具体为：坡口部位无残留免充氩保护剂，焊接电流可根据现场实际情况，在工艺范围之内由焊工控制调节。In this embodiment, in the step (b), the heat input level is reduced to ensure that the interlayer temperature does not exceed 150°C during the argon arc welding of the root layer, so as to avoid the root layer weld due to the low thermal conductivity of stainless steel caused by the internal welding of the weld. The surface is overheated, the oxidation is accelerated, and at the same time, the plasticity and toughness of the root layer weld are effectively improved. The welding process in step (b) and step (c) is basically the same, and the amount of interlayer grinding can be adjusted according to the residual amount of welding slag on the outer surface of the welding layer. The welding process in step (d) is slightly different from that in step (b), specifically: there is no residual argon-free protective agent in the groove, and the welding current can be controlled by the welder within the process range according to the actual situation on site adjust.
表1为本发明适用于中小径奥氏体不锈钢管内壁免充氩保护对接各层焊接参数控制表Table 1 is the control table of the welding parameters of each layer of the present invention suitable for the inner wall of austenitic stainless steel pipes with medium and small diameters without argon filling protection protection
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above-mentioned embodiments are only to illustrate the technical concept and characteristics of the present invention, and the purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107958108A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-04-24 | 广东核电合营有限公司 | Weld seam generation method, device, storage medium and computer equipment |
| CN109277717A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-01-29 | 五冶集团上海有限公司 | A kind of welding guard method of titanium plate or titanium composite panel T connector |
| CN113351963A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-09-07 | 中国电建集团山东电力建设第一工程有限公司 | Reverse backing welding method for large-diameter stainless steel fused salt pipeline |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107958108A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-04-24 | 广东核电合营有限公司 | Weld seam generation method, device, storage medium and computer equipment |
| CN107958108B (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2021-08-03 | 广东核电合营有限公司 | Weld joint generation method and device, storage medium and computer equipment |
| CN109277717A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-01-29 | 五冶集团上海有限公司 | A kind of welding guard method of titanium plate or titanium composite panel T connector |
| CN113351963A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-09-07 | 中国电建集团山东电力建设第一工程有限公司 | Reverse backing welding method for large-diameter stainless steel fused salt pipeline |
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