CN106511362B - 一种防治动脉粥样硬化的茶多酚组合物 - Google Patents
一种防治动脉粥样硬化的茶多酚组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106511362B CN106511362B CN201510587420.9A CN201510587420A CN106511362B CN 106511362 B CN106511362 B CN 106511362B CN 201510587420 A CN201510587420 A CN 201510587420A CN 106511362 B CN106511362 B CN 106511362B
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种防治动脉粥样硬化的茶多酚组合物,所述茶多酚组合物包括以下组分:表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、原花青素、矢车菊素‑3‑葡萄糖甙、茶黄素和茶黄素‑3‑没食子酸酯。所述茶多酚组合物包含8种茶多酚单体物质,其质量可控,并且所述茶多酚组合物在预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化方面有很好的效果,能够使动脉粥样硬化的动物模型的体重和血糖指标趋于正常,能够明显减缓动脉粥样硬化的动物模型的主动脉粥样斑块的生成。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种组合物,具有涉及一种防治动脉粥样硬化的茶多酚组合物。
背景技术
近年来,随着社会经济发展、饮食习惯及环境的改变、生活节奏的加剧以及人口老龄化进程的加速,全世界范围内冠状动脉性心脏病(coronary heart disease,CHD,简称为冠心病,亦称缺血性心脏病)的发病率呈现出急剧增长的趋势,在美国和许多发达国家冠心病排在死亡原因的第一位。随着生活压力的增大,近年来冠心病的发病呈年轻化趋势,曾有报道急性心肌梗死患者包括青少年,其已成为猝死的主要原因和危害人类健康的头号杀手。在我国,随着经济社会发展、生活节奏的加剧以及人口老龄化进程的加速,冠心病的发病率节节攀升,流行病学研究表明,我国冠心病的发病率有较显著的地区差异,北方省市普遍高于南方省市,城市高于农村,男性高于女性,冠心病已成为危害我国人民健康的主要杀手。因此,有效预防和控制冠心病的发生是当前亟需解决的课题。
动脉粥样硬化是一个缓慢进展的疾病,其共同病理特点是动脉管壁变硬增厚、失去弹性以及管腔缩小。冠脉粥样硬化病变最先从受累动脉内膜开始,先后合并多种病变,包括局部有复合糖类以及脂质的积聚、钙质沉着和纤维组织反应性增生形成斑块,以及动脉中层的逐渐退变,继发性的病变包括斑块破裂、斑块内出血以及局部血栓形成(即为著名的动脉粥样硬化-血栓形成学说)。现代分子生物以及细胞学技术研究证实动脉粥样硬化病变具有平滑肌细胞反应性增生、巨噬细胞游移;大量蛋白多糖、胶原纤维以及弹力纤维等结缔组织基质增生;以及细胞内外脂质层积聚形成的特点。动脉粥样硬化病因日前尚未完全确定,研究表明,本病是多因素作用于不同环节所致,其中不良生活方式、血脂异常、高血压、肥胖、糖尿病以及糖耐量异常等是动脉粥样硬化的危险因素。近年来大量的研究证实动脉粥样硬化是一种炎症性疾病和自身免疫性疾病,炎症和免疫反应在动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展中发挥非常关键的作用。
冠心病的发病机制错综复杂,针对其不同发病环节,国内外学者开展了大量的有关冠心病发病机制的相关研究,其发病机制曾有多种学说从不同角度来阐述。包括血栓形成学说、脂质浸润学说、平滑肌细胞克隆学说、血流动力学异常、炎症介质释放以及氧化应激等。近年来大多数学者支持内皮损伤反应这一学说,认为冠心病的各种危险因素最终导致动脉内皮损伤,炎症反应在内皮损伤过程在发挥重要作用。动脉粥样硬化病变的形成是动脉对内膜、内皮细胞损伤做成的炎症-纤维增生性反应的结果。冠心病具体发病机制目前尚不完全清楚,正是基于此,目前临床上对该病的预防和治疗显得十分棘手。
茶多酚是茶叶中儿茶素类、丙酮类、酚酸类和花色素类化合物的总称。茶多酚(teapolyphenols)又叫茶单宁或茶鞣质,是茶叶(Camellia sinensis)中酚类及其衍生物的总称,在绿茶中含30-40%,在红茶则相对较少,约占10%。主要是儿茶素类(catechins)、茶黄素类(theaflavins)、花青素和酚酸等化合物,其中儿茶素类的含量占60%左右。儿茶素中的主要成分有四种:表儿茶素(epicatechin,EC)、表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin,EGC),表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate,ECG)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin-3-gallate,EGCG)。
茶多酚防治心血管疾病降血脂、预防肝脏及冠状动脉粥样硬化茶多酚对人体脂肪代谢有着重要作用。人体的胆固醇、甘油三酯等含量高,血管内壁脂肪沉积,血管平滑肌细胞增生后形成动脉粥样化斑块等心血管疾病。茶多酚,尤其是茶多酚中的儿茶素ECG和EGC及其氧化产物茶黄素等,有助于抑制这种斑状增生,使形成血凝黏度增强的纤维蛋白原降低,凝血变清,从而抑制动脉粥样硬化。降血压茶多酚具有较强的抑制转换酶活性的作用,因而可以起到降低或保持血压稳定的作用。降血糖茶多酚对人体的糖代谢障碍具有调节作用,能降低血糖水平,从而有效的预防和治疗糖尿病。
原花青素(Proantho cyanidins,PC)是植物中广泛存在的一大类多酚化合物的总称,具有极强的抗氧化、消除自由基的作用,可有效消除超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基,也参与磷酸、花生四烯酸的代谢和蛋白质磷酸化,保护脂质不发生过氧化损伤;是强有力的金属螯合剂,可螯合金属离子,在体内形成惰性化合物;保护和稳定维生素c,有助于维生素c的吸收和利用。原花青素分布广泛,存在于许多植物的皮、壳、籽、核、花、叶中,葡萄籽中原花青素含量最高,种类丰富。
花青素(anthocyanin)是一类广泛存在于植物中的水溶性色素,属于类黄酮类化合物,茶叶中花青素种类很多,有呈青色、铜红、暗红、暗紫色等。花青素含量虽少,但它的存在对茶叶品质不利。若花青素含量稍高,就能使绿茶汤滋味苦,干色乌暗,叶底呈靛蓝色。特别是紫芽种和夏茶的鲜叶,花青素含量增高,所以制出的绿茶,滋味苦味较重,品质不好。现代研究表明,花青素为人体带来多种益处。从根本上讲,花青素是一种强有力的抗氧化剂,它能够保护人体免受一种叫自由基的有害物质的损伤。花青素还能够增强血管弹性,改善循环系统和增进皮肤的光滑度,抑制炎症和过敏,改善关节的柔韧性。花青素具有抗氧化、抗突变、降血压、降血脂、预防心脑血管疾病、消炎、护肝、抑制肿瘤、增强视力、抗衰老等多种保健功能。
虽然绿茶提取物中含有多种茶多酚单体,但是绿茶提取物质量不好控制。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的不足之处而提供了一种防治动脉粥样硬化的茶多酚组合物。
为实现上述目的,所采取的技术方案:一种防治动脉粥样硬化的茶多酚组合物,所述茶多酚组合物包括以下组分:表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、原花青素、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖甙、茶黄素和茶黄素-3-没食子酸酯。
优选地,所述茶多酚组合物包括以下重量百分比的组分:
其中所述表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯的英文名是epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)。
所述表没食子儿茶素的英文名是epigallocatechin(EGC)。
所述表儿茶素的英文名是epicatechin(EC)。
所述表儿茶素没食子酸酯的英文名是epicatechin gallate(ECG)。
所述原花青素的英文名是Proantho Cyanidins(PC)。
所述矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖甙的英文名是Cyanidin-3-glucoside。
所述茶黄素的英文名是Theaflavin(TF)。
所述茶黄素-3-没食子酸酯的英文名是Theaflavin-3-gallate(TF-3-G)。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明提供了一种防治动脉粥样硬化的茶多酚组合物,该茶多酚组合物包含8种茶多酚单体物质,其质量可控,并且所述茶多酚组合物在预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化方面有很好的效果,能够使动脉粥样硬化的动物模型的体重和血糖指标趋于正常,能够明显减缓动脉粥样硬化的动物模型的主动脉粥样斑块的生成。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中正常饮食组、高脂饮食组和高脂饮食+茶多酚组合组Apoe-/-小鼠的体重随时间变化的趋势图;
图2为本发明实施例1中正常饮食组、高脂饮食组和高脂饮食+茶多酚组合组Apoe-/-小鼠的空腹血糖随时间变化的趋势图;
图3为本发明实施例1中正常饮食组、高脂饮食组和高脂饮食+茶多酚组合组小鼠全程主动脉大体油红O染色对比图;
图4为本发明实施例1中正常饮食组、高脂饮食组和高脂饮食+茶多酚组合组小鼠主动脉表面动脉粥样斑块面积范围对比图。
具体实施方式
为更好的说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点,下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1:本发明所述茶多酚组合物的效果实验
Apoe-/-基因剔除小鼠是国际上广为采用的研究动脉粥样硬化的动物模型。Apoe-/-基因剔除小鼠模型可表现出异常高脂血症,在3月龄时便可出现脂肪沉积于动脉内皮,随着小鼠月龄的增加将会出现大量类似于动脉粥样硬化前期损伤的表现,17月龄时小鼠脑内将可出现脂瘤性纤维瘤,同时还有泡沫细胞和脂质小球。
本实施例中,为了提高茶多酚提取物在药效研究中的质量控制,发明人按照绿茶茶多酚提取物各种成分的比例,用8种茶多酚单体的组合模拟绿茶茶多酚提取,其中发明人适当提高了活性成分的比例,以期提高药物效应。
发明人以Apoe-/-小鼠为动物模型,通过灌胃多种茶多酚单体的组合到Apoe-/-小鼠,动态观察Apoe-/-小鼠体重和空腹血糖,比较主动脉斑块差异,探讨茶多酚组合对动脉粥样硬化的预防作用。
1、材料与方法
1.1动物分组及处理方法
15只4周龄无特殊病原体(specific pathogen-free,SPF)级雄性C57BL/6JAPOE-/-小鼠,实验动物购于北京大学实验动物中心(由美国Jackson实验室引进繁殖),依照美国国立卫生研究所所颁布的《实验动物饲养和使用指南》(NIH publication No.23-85,revised 1996)及《中山大学验动物管理办法》于中山大学北校区SPF级屏障系统实验动物房饲养。Apoe-/-基因剔除小鼠模型表现出异常高血脂,在3月龄时即可出现动脉脂肪沉积,随着月龄的增加将出现大量类似于动脉粥样硬化前期损伤表现,17月龄时小鼠脑内将可出现脂瘤性纤维瘤,同时还有脂质小球和泡沫细胞,Apoe-/-基因剔除小鼠是国际上广为采用的研究动脉粥样硬化的动物模型。
整个实验历时14周,饲养环境为SPF级,每笼5只,温度为(23±2)℃,相对湿度为(55±5)%。12小时光照,12小时黑暗交替。20只6周龄雄性APOE-/-小鼠随机分为3组,每组5只,分组如下:(1)正常饮食组:喂养正常饮食;(2)高脂饮食组:喂养高脂食料;(3)高脂饮食+茶多酚组合组:喂养高脂食料的基础上,灌胃给予8种茶多酚单体的组合,每天灌胃1次,直至鼠处置前1天。
本实施例所述8种茶多酚单体的组合是指将以下8种茶多酚单体混合起来使用,所述8种茶多酚单体如下:
表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin-3-gallate,EGCG),占5-15重量%;
表没食子儿茶素(epigallocatechin,EGC),占30-40重量%;
表儿茶素(epicatechin,EC),占10重量%;
表儿茶素没食子酸酯(epicatechin gallate,ECG),占10重量%;
原花青素,英文名是Proantho Cyanidins(PC),5-10重量%;
矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖甙(Cyanidin-3-glucoside),占5重量%;
茶黄素(Theaflavin,TF),占10重量%;
茶黄素-3-没食子酸酯(Theaflavin-3-gallate,TF-3-G),占10重量%。
以上8种茶多酚单体在市场上均可以买到,将以上8种茶多酚单体按照上述配比进行混合即得本发明所述茶多酚组合物。
其中大鼠给药剂量范围:10mg/kg-500mg/kg
而对于人的给药剂量:71mg/70kg。
1.2标本采集和处理
整个实验期间,每周监测小鼠体重,动物干预前及干预后4周每2周检测空腹血糖1次。禁食8小时后,由小鼠尾静脉取血,采用便携式稳豪型强生血糖仪和和强生血糖试纸测定空腹血糖。
治疗14周后,采用氯胺酮(70mg/kg腹腔注射)麻醉小鼠,从眼眶后静脉丛获取静脉血,3000g离心10分钟获得血清,用于测定血脂的浓度。小鼠取仰卧位,用手术剪纵形切开,打开胸腔,用注射器从左心室注释PBS液,直至小鼠心脏、血管及注射后生理盐水变白为止。在解剖显微镜下分离全程主动脉(从升主动脉至髂动脉),去除血管外脂肪及结缔组织,剪取动脉放入盛有PBS的培养皿中,纵行剪开动脉,平铺在滤纸上,折叠滤纸并固定,放入培养皿中,10%甲醛溶液固定。
1.3生化指标测定
实验结束时取经眼眶后静脉丛获取静脉全血,3000r/min,4℃离心l0min,取上清液-70℃保存以备检测,血脂水平由广东省人民医院检验科检测(7170s全自动生化分析仪,日本日立公司)。
1.4主动脉油红O染色
油红O染液配置后,按以下步骤进行主动脉油红O染色:⑴固定:4%多聚甲醛,4℃固定24~48小时;⑵漂洗:PBS漂洗3次;⑶润洗:60%异丙醇润洗1次;⑷染色:0.3%油红O染色5min(装在离心管中反复颠倒);⑸润洗:60%异丙醇洗3次,洗去浮色;⑹漂洗:PBS洗2次,洗去异丙醇;⑺拍照:在防脱载玻片上展开,置于黑色卡纸上拍照(保持血管湿润);⑻图像分析:染色主动脉进行扫描并用图像分析软件ProPlus分析,粥样硬化严重程度用脂质斑块浸润面积比血管总面积百分比表示;⑼拍完照后的主动脉投入装有4%多聚甲醛的培养皿中至4℃冰箱保存。
1.5统计学分析
2结果
2.1实验期间小鼠体重变化
实验结束时所有小鼠均存活,无退出情况。如图1所示,在前8周,正常饮食组、高脂饮食组和高脂饮食+茶多酚组合组Apoe-/-小鼠的体重随时间增长而增加。但8周后,正常饮食组小鼠体重趋于稳定,而高脂饮食组小鼠体重依然在增加,但增幅明显变缓趋于稳定;在第10、12、14周,体重均明显重于正常饮食组小鼠体重(P<0.05)。高脂饮食+茶多酚组合组小鼠的体重在8周后体重也趋于稳定,在第10、12、14周,体重稍高于正常饮食组小鼠体重(P>0.05),但均显著轻于高脂饮食组(P<0.05)。
2.2实验期间小鼠空腹血糖变化
如图2所示,在前8周,正常饮食组、高脂饮食组和高脂饮食+茶多酚组合组Apoe-/-小鼠的空腹血糖保持相对稳定,各组小鼠空腹血糖无统计学显差异。在第10、12、14周,高脂饮食组小鼠空腹血糖显著高于正常饮食组(P<0.05)。高脂饮食+茶多酚组合组小鼠的空腹血糖与正常饮食组小鼠空腹血糖的变化相似(P>0.05),均显著低于高脂饮食组(P<0.05)。
3主动脉表面动脉粥样硬化病变范围的影响
发明人对全程主动脉表面大体进行油红O染色,以比较主动脉动脉粥样硬化病变范围面积,结果如图3和图4。结果显示高脂饮食组Apoe-/-小鼠主动脉动脉粥样硬化病变范围面积显著高于正常饮食组(平均面积±标准差:12.12±1.66vs 5.76±1.20,P<0.001);高脂饮食+茶多酚组合组小鼠主动脉动脉粥样硬化病变范围面积也显著高于正常饮食组(平均面积±标准差:8.20±1.07vs 5.76±1.20,P=0.014),但显著低于高脂饮食组小鼠(平均面积±标准差:8.20±1.07vs 5.76±1.20,P=0.001)。从上可知,高脂饮食可促使Apoe-/-小鼠主动脉粥样斑块增多,而8种茶多酚单体组合可以明显减缓主动脉粥样斑块的生成。
从以上结果可以看出,所述茶多酚组合物在预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化方面有很好的效果,能够使动脉粥样硬化的动物模型的体重和血糖指标趋于正常,能够明显减缓动脉粥样硬化的动物模型的主动脉粥样斑块的生成。
最后所应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种防治动脉粥样硬化的茶多酚组合物,其特征在于,所述茶多酚组合物包括以下组分:表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、原花青素、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖甙、茶黄素和茶黄素-3-没食子酸酯;其中,各组分在所述组合物的重量百分比如下:
表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯5-15%
表没食子儿茶素30-40%
表儿茶素10%
表儿茶素没食子酸酯10%
原花青素5-10%
矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖甙5%
茶黄素10%
茶黄素-3-没食子酸酯10%。
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