CN106506029A - A kind of u piece of digital wireless audio transmission system and its transmission method - Google Patents
A kind of u piece of digital wireless audio transmission system and its transmission method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106506029A CN106506029A CN201610975790.4A CN201610975790A CN106506029A CN 106506029 A CN106506029 A CN 106506029A CN 201610975790 A CN201610975790 A CN 201610975790A CN 106506029 A CN106506029 A CN 106506029A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of u piece of digital wireless audio transmission system, which includes discharger and reception device, the discharger includes that analogue audio frequency input module, analog-digital converter, emission control processor, transmitting radio frequency chip and transmitting antenna, the reception device include reception antenna, receive radio frequency chip, receive control process device, digital to analog converter and analogue audio frequency output module.Invention additionally discloses a kind of wireless audio transmission method for realizing u piece of digital wireless audio transmission systems.The invention has the advantages that:There is provided a kind of by surrounding environment influence less, transmission range is farther, it is stronger to pass through barrier ability, capacity of resisting disturbance is higher, the wireless audio transmission system that audio quality is higher and its transmission method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless audio frequency transmission function field, more particularly to a kind of u piece of digital wireless transmitting system and its transmission
Method.
Background technology
In recent years, with the fast development of wireless technology, it is daily that this technology has more and more penetrated into people
The every field of life, along with digital communication technology, chip miniaturization technology, circuit engineering day by day ripe, people are more next
More it is keen to build some function systems on the basis of radio communication.
At present, in wireless audio frequency transmission function field, it is divided into substantially AM, FM and Digital Transmission three major types, and first two is mould
Intend the processing procedure of signal, during transmission audio signal be highly susceptible to disturb, particularly when there is electromagnetic compatibility in system
Property bad powerful device when, which disturbs the wireless audio transmission system for being easy to have influence on this quasi-tradition, often causes
The problems such as cross-talk, staccato, sonic boom etc. so that the signal to noise ratio of signal declines, also so that the tonequality of conventional wireless audio transmission is subject to
Serious restriction.By taking wireless microphone as an example, the operation principle for simulating wireless microphone is that the simulation from sound source is believed by transmitting terminal
After number increasing and after companding process, modulation carries out wireless transmit in wireless simulation carrier signal, and receiving terminal receives this
Wireless signal, is demodulated, postemphasises, and after companding process, exports simulated audio signal, by speaker sounding.Simulation
The signals collecting and transmitting procedure of wireless microphone system is all analogue signal, is easier to be interfered with respect to digital signal and leads
Distorted signals are caused, while the channel bandwidth relative narrower of wireless microphone system is simulated, in many branch line wireless microphone isospaces
The problem of serious monkey chatter and Intermodulation Interference can occur when using simultaneously.
And be accompanied by wireless technology and obtain concern more, such as bluetooth, WiFi and 2.4G technology etc. in audio transmission field
Also swift and violent development has been obtained.And more than these technology using higher frequency band wireless signal, with relatively low wireless signal (such as u sections)
Comparing, the weak problem of barrier energy Dipeptiven being penetrated with transmission range too near and transmission signal, the two problems are just serious
Limit the use range of wireless audio transmission system.Furthermore, with the popularization of wireless technology, smart mobile phone, panel computer etc.
Hand-held 2.4G equipment is used in a large number in 2.4G frequency ranges, makes the frequency range more and more crowded, the week that wireless audio transmission system is used
The interference source of various signals is flooded with surrounding environment, is more prone to the problems such as causing co-channel interference, monkey chatter, Intermodulation Interference,
So as to affect the using effect of whole wireless audio transmission system.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a kind of be got over by surrounding environment influence is less, transmission range is farther, pass through barrier ability
By force, capacity of resisting disturbance is higher, audio quality is higher wireless audio transmission system and its transmission method.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is too near for transmission range present in above-mentioned existing Radio Transmission Technology and transmission is believed
Number penetrate that barrier energy Dipeptiven is weak, the problem for causing distorted signals, capacity of resisting disturbance weak is easily disturbed by surrounding, there is provided one
Plant by surrounding environment influence is less, transmission range is farther, it is stronger to pass through barrier ability, capacity of resisting disturbance is higher, audio quality
Higher wireless audio transmission system.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of wireless audio transmission method.
In order to realize that foregoing invention purpose, the present invention are employed the following technical solutions:
A kind of u piece of digital wireless audio transmission system, which includes:Discharger and reception device, the discharger bag
Include analogue audio frequency input module, analog-digital converter, emission control processor, transmitting radio frequency chip and transmitting antenna, the reception
Device includes reception antenna, receives radio frequency chip, receives control process device, digital to analog converter and analogue audio frequency output module;
The input of the analogue audio frequency input module is connected with audio output apparatus, for receiving analogue audio frequency input signal, described
The outfan of analogue audio frequency input module is connected to analog-digital converter;The analogue audio frequency for collecting is input into by the analog-digital converter
Signal is converted to digital audio and video signals, is exported to the emission control processor by I2S interfaces;The emission control processor
The transmitting radio frequency chip is connected to by SPI serial line interfaces, the digital audio and video signals are delivered to the transmitting radio frequency chip
Carrier wave is modulated, the transmitting radio frequency chip is connected to the transmitting antenna, forms signal link, sent out by the transmitting antenna
Project to the reception device.
The transmitting radio frequency chip is modulated carrier wave to the digital audio and video signals and is specially:The transmitting radio frequency chip
Digital audio and video signals are carried out with digital modulation by RF radio frequency chips, the transmitting radio frequency chip will be processed from the emission control
The digital audio and video signals of device are modulated to u piece of digital radiofrequency signals, and the u piece of digital radiofrequency signal is believed for 400MHz-1GHz frequency ranges
Number.The audio output apparatus are mike, mobile phone, MP3 or other audio output apparatus;The emission control processor and connect
Receive control process device and adopt MCU micro-control units.
In the reception device, the digital radio signal that the discharger is launched, institute are received by the reception antenna
State reception antenna to export to the reception radio frequency chip, the digital radio signal is u piece of digital radiofrequency signals.The reception is penetrated
Frequency chip is demodulated process by RF radio frequency chips to digital radio signal, obtains digital audio and video signals, the reception radio frequency core
Piece is delivered to the reception control process device by SPI serial line interfaces company.The control process device that receives is by digital audio and video signals
Digital to analog converter is delivered to by I2S audio interface, digital audio and video signals are converted to simulated audio signal defeated by digital to analog converter
Go out to analogue audio frequency output module, analogue audio frequency output module finally exports the transmitting procedure that audio frequency completes ANTENNAUDIO.In addition,
Last module of the analogue audio frequency output module as the reception device, can use power amplifier, audio amplifier, multimedia control
Platform, earphone etc..
A kind of wireless audio transmission method, realizes the transmitting procedure of above-mentioned u piece of digital wireless audio transmission system, and which includes
Following steps:
Step 1:Analogue audio frequency input module receives simulated audio signal;
Step 2:The simulated audio signal for being received is converted to digital audio and video signals;
Step 3:Digital audio and video signals are modulated to u section wireless audio signals;
Step 4:U section wireless audio signals are launched by transmitting antenna;
Step 5:Reception device receives u section wireless audio signals;
Step 6:U section wireless audio signals are demodulated into digital audio and video signals;
Step 7:Digital audio and video signals are converted to simulated audio signal and are externally exported.
The u sections wireless audio signal is 400MHz-1GHz frequency band signals.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
First, analogue audio frequency is converted into by DAB by analog-digital converter in the system, audio signal can be implemented
Digital Transmission.Digitization transmission system with its strong antijamming capability, be easy to the features such as storing, process and exchange, have become
Topmost transmission technology in modern communication networks, is widely used in various communications and the Transmission system of modern communication networks.Counting
In word signal transmission system, the analogue signal that information source sends becomes digital signal through the message sink coding of digital terminal, and terminal is sent out
The digital signal for going out, through the digital signal that chnnel coding becomes suitable for transmission, then by manipulator signal modulation
On the digital channel used to system, then opposite end is transferred to, the stay of two nights is ultimately delivered to through contrary conversion.
Digital signal transmission system has the advantage that:
(1) strong antijamming capability, noiseless are accumulated.DAB is by acoustic waveform is converted into a string continuous two
Binary data, preserves sound by it.So for digital communication, the object of transmission is mainly analogue voice signal
Deng, channel is usually binary digital signal, as the amplitude of digital signal is that limited centrifugal pump (generally takes
Two amplitudes), noise jamming is subject in transmitting procedure, when signal to noise ratio does not also deteriorate to a certain extent, i.e., appropriate
Distance, using regeneration method, regeneration does not have the former sending signal of noise jamming, so can achieve high-quality biography over long distances
Defeated.
(2) it is easy to encryption.The safety of information transfer and confidentiality are more and more important, the encryption of digital communication
More much easier than analogue communication.By taking voice signal as an example, the signal after digital conversion can use simple digital logical operation
Be encrypted, decryption processing.
(3) it is easy to store, process and exchange.The signal form of digital communication is consistent with signal used by computer, is all two
Carry system code, is therefore easy to and computer networking, also allows for storing digital signal with computer, processed and being exchanged, can
The management of communication network is made, is safeguarded and is realized automatization, intellectuality.
(4) equipment is easy to integrated, miniaturization.Digital communication adopts time division multiplexing, it is not necessary to the larger filter of volume
Ripple device.In equipment, most of circuit is digital circuit, can use the realization of extensive and super large-scale integration, therefore small volume,
Low in energy consumption.
(5) busy channel frequency band is wider.The frequency band of analog phone is 4kHz bandwidth all the way, and digital telephone is accounted for all the way
64kHz.
2nd, it is u sections (400MHz-1GHz) signal that the system passes through radio frequency chip by modulates audio signals, and following formula is wireless
Loss calculation formula when signal is transmitted in atmosphere:
Los=32.44+20lg d (Km)+20lg f (MHz)
Los is loss, and unit is Db;D is distance, and unit is Km;F is operating frequency, and unit is MHz.It can be seen that, pass
Defeated loss is directly proportional to frequency.I.e. frequency is higher, and loss is bigger.In other words in the case of same loss, transmission distance
From being inversely proportional to frequency.I.e. frequency is higher, and defeated distance is shorter.
Major part 2.4G device signal transmission ranges are short at present, and transmitting procedure decay is big, and signal is penetrated, diffracting power is weak,
Signal is easily obscured by an object.And comparatively, u sections (400MHz-1GHz) signal is relatively low due to frequency, wavelength is longer, penetrates energy
Power is stronger, and loss of signal decay is less, and transmission range is farther out.And in application aspect, due to 2.4GHz frequency ranges in the world and state
All being inside the open frequency range without the need for licence, therefore many applications being developed in this frequency range, this frequency range is very crowded.At present
The application that develops in 2.4GHz frequency ranges mainly has:WLAN, bluetooth, ZigBee wireless sensor networks, part are wireless
Phone and some other short-distance wireless communication equipment etc., wherein WLAN and bluetooth have been widely applied, wireless biography
Sensor network is also in the ascendant.But u sections (400MHz-1GHz) signal is not because be one with big multi-frequency waves on daily life
Section, the chance being disturbed greatly reduces, and the section of u sections is broad, and can do more frequency misclassifications makes realizing same occasion
Do not disturbed with multiple frequencies.
U piece of digital wireless audio frequency transmission function can be realized in the present system, can be according to reality in transmission of wireless signals part
Situation flexible transmission frequency, both overcomes analogue signal in simulation wireless audio transmission system and is easily interfered, transmit
The problem of channel width relative narrower, overcomes the such as short problem of the wireless transmission distance such as the WiFi of 2.4G frequency ranges, bluetooth again.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 show the module map of discharger in the present invention.
Fig. 2 show the module map of reception device in the present invention.
The flow chart that Fig. 3 show wireless audio transmission method in the system invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention will be described in detail.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is referred to, the u piece of digital wireless audio transmission systems of the present invention include that a discharger and receives dress
Put.
First, discharger
Fig. 1 is discharger, discharger include Audio Input Modules, analog-digital converter (AD), emission control processor,
Transmitting radio frequency chip.The analogue audio frequency input of discharger links to analog-digital converter, and analog-digital converter is connected by I2S interfaces
To emission control processor, emission control processor is connected to transmitting radio frequency chip, transmitting radio frequency chip connection by SPI interface
To transmitting antenna, signal link is formed.Each part on the signal link works under the control of emission control processor.
(1) selection of Audio Input Modules:
Audio Input Modules (Audio in) can be used for and mike, mobile phone, MP3 as first module of discharger
Connect Deng audio output apparatus, and the analogue audio frequency as whole wireless system is input into.
(2) analog-digital converter
Analog-digital converter is A/D converter, and common analog-digital converter is that an input voltage signal is converted to one
The digital signal of output.The effect of A/D conversions is that Time Continuous, amplitude also continuous analog quantity are converted to time discrete, width
The also discrete digital signal of value, therefore, A/D conversions typically will through over sampling, keep, quantify and encode these steps.At this
In system, the analogue signal for collecting is converted to the signal of telecommunication by wireless microphone, amplified feeding AD converter is converted to number
Word amount.
(3) employing of MCU emission control processor
MCU micro-control units are one chip microcomputer or single-chip microcomputer, be the frequency of central processing unit is done with specification suitable
Work as reduction, and the perimeter interfaces such as internal memory, enumerator, PLC are incorporated on one chip, form the computer of chip-scale, be not
Do various combination control in same application scenario.In the present system, MCU emission control processor controls mould by I2S, SPI interface
Number converter and radio frequency chip, can in whole digital communication using CRC coded methods to transmission in produce mistake control
System, can carry out FEC forward error corrections.In FEC modes, receiving terminal can not only find mistake, and can determine that binary element
The position that makes a mistake, so as to be corrected, to improve the accuracy rate of digital massage transmission.When controlling when being free from mistakes, information source
The Serial No. of output will be routed directly to channel, and due to there is interference in channel, the output of channel will occur mistake.
(4) launch radio frequency chip
In some wire message way, if transmission range is not that too remote and message capacity is less big, digital baseband signal
Can directly transmit, and in the present system, digital baseband is formed by the simulated audio signal that mike is gathered through analog digital conversion
Signal, carries out digital modulation by RF radio frequency chips to digital baseband signal, then again will be modulated after signal be sent on channel
Go to transmit, realize more bit informations being transmitted in unit channel.
In whole discharger, as shown in figure 1, being collected by wireless microphone in figure sound intermediate frequency signal, Jing Guomo
Number converter is changed, and the digital audio and video signals being changed into deliver to emission control processor by I2S audio interface, by launching
Control process device controls radio frequency chip by SPI Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)s, audio frequency is delivered to radio frequency chip and is modulated carrier wave, by day
Line is launched to reception device.In the apparatus, emission control processor control radio frequency chip, transmitting radio frequency chip are spontaneous in the future
The digital audio and video signals for penetrating control process device are modulated to the signal of u sections (400MHz-1GHz).
2nd, reception device
Fig. 2 is reception device, and reception device includes reception antenna, receives radio frequency chip, receives control process device, digital-to-analogue and turn
Parallel operation and analogue audio frequency output module.The reception antenna of reception device is connected to reception radio frequency chip, receives radio frequency chip and leads to
Cross SPI interface and be connected to reception control process device, receive control process device and digital to analog converter is connected to by I2S interfaces, formed
Signal link.Each part on the signal link works in the case where the control of control process device is received.
(1) radio frequency chip is received
Digital demodulation is a kind of in order to propagate convenience, the method for information coding transmission, in transmitting procedure, voice call
A series of digital signal can be transformed into, be changed into computer binary code 0 and 1, decoded in information receiving area again and return to original
The voice status for coming.In the system reception device, digital radio signal is demodulated by RF radio frequency chips, i.e. digital modulation
Inverse process, then again by demodulation after signal be sent to channel and transmit up.
(2) MCU receives control process device
In the present system, MCU receives control process device and controls analog-digital converter and radio frequency chip by I2S, SPI interface,
Can in whole digital communication using CRC coded methods to transmission in the mistake that produces be controlled, to entangling before FEC being carried out
Wrong.In FEC modes, receiving terminal can not only find mistake, and can determine that the position that binary element makes a mistake, so as to plus
To correct, to improve the accuracy rate of digital massage transmission.When controlling when being free from mistakes, the Serial No. of information source output is directly sent
Toward channel, due to there is interference in channel, the output of channel will occur mistake.
(3) digital to analog converter
Digital to analog converter is D/A converter, and digital to analog converter is that a kind of discrete signal by binary digit amount form turns
Change the transducer of the analog quantity on the basis of standard volume into.In the present system, transmitter module transmitting is received by reception antenna
Digital radio signal is converted to simulated audio signal by D/A digital to analog converters.
(4) selection of dio Output Modules:
Dio Output Modules (Audio out) can use power amplifier, audio amplifier, many matchmakers as last module of reception device
Body control station, earphone etc..
In whole reception device, the radiofrequency signal for receiving is passed through SPI serial peripherals by reception radio frequency chip first
Interface delivers to reception control process device, then audio signal is delivered to digital to analog converter by I2S audio interface, and digital to analog converter will
Digital audio and video signals are converted to analogue signal, export audio frequency finally by dio Output Modules.
The course of work of the u piece of digital wireless transmitting systems is described referring to better embodiment of the invention.Work
When making, emission control processor controls the initialization before discharger is started working, in initialization procedure, emission control first
Processor is controlled and determines that transmitting radio frequency chip is the signal that digital audio and video signals are modulated to u sections (400MHz-1GHz).Because
With respect to wireless signals such as 2.4G, u section wireless signals have that transmission range is farther, the more preferable advantage of capacity of resisting disturbance.Start working
Afterwards, Audio Input Modules are input to simulated audio signal in analog-digital converter and are converted into digital audio and video signals, the DAB
Signal delivers to emission control processor by I2S audio interface, is controlled by SPI Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)s by emission control processor
Audio frequency is delivered to radio frequency chip and is modulated carrier wave by radio frequency chip, through ovennodulation after, launched to reception device by antenna.
The system initialization before control process device control reception device is started working is received, in initialization procedure, is received
Control process device is controlled and determines that reception radio frequency chip is that u sections (400MHz-1GHz) wireless signal is demodulated to DAB letter
Number.During start-up operation, u sections (400MHz-1GHz) wireless signal for receiving is logical by radio frequency chip first in reception device
Cross SPI Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)s and deliver to reception control process device, demodulated process obtains digital audio and video signals, then by digital sound
Frequency signal delivers to digital to analog converter by I2S audio interface, and digital audio and video signals are converted to analogue audio frequency letter by digital to analog converter
Number externally export, finally output audio frequency completes the transmitting procedure of ANTENNAUDIO.
As shown in figure 3, the wireless audio transmission system of the present invention is comprised the following steps:
Step 1:Audio Input Modules receive simulated audio signal;
Step 2:The simulated audio signal for being received is converted to digital audio and video signals;
Step 3:Digital audio and video signals are modulated to u sections (400MHz-1GHz) wireless audio signal;
Step 4:U sections (400MHz-1GHz) wireless audio signal is launched by antenna;
Step 5:Reception device receives u sections (400MHz-1GHz) wireless audio signal;
Step 6:U sections (400MHz-1GHz) wireless audio signal is demodulated into digital audio and video signals;
Step 7:Digital audio and video signals are converted to simulated audio signal and are externally exported.
Detailed Jie has been carried out to u piece of digital wireless audio transmission system provided by the present invention and its transmission method above
Continue, specific case used herein is set forth to the principle of the present invention and embodiment, and the explanation of above example is only
It is to be used to help understand the method for the present invention and its core concept;Simultaneously for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to this
Bright thought, will change in specific embodiments and applications, and in sum, this specification content should not be managed
Solve as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of u piece of digital wireless audio transmission system, it is characterised in that:The system includes discharger and reception device,
The discharger includes analogue audio frequency input module, analog-digital converter, emission control processor, transmitting radio frequency chip and transmitting
Antenna, the reception device include reception antenna, receive radio frequency chip, receive control process device, digital to analog converter and simulation
Dio Output Modules;The input of the analogue audio frequency input module is connected with audio output apparatus, for receiving analogue audio frequency
Input signal, the outfan of the analogue audio frequency input module are connected to analog-digital converter;The analog-digital converter will be collected
Analogue audio frequency input signal be converted to digital audio and video signals, exported to the emission control processor by I2S interfaces;Described
Emission control processor is connected to the transmitting radio frequency chip by SPI serial line interfaces, and the digital audio and video signals are delivered to institute
State transmitting radio frequency chip and be modulated carrier wave, the transmitting radio frequency chip is connected to the transmitting antenna, forms signal link, by
The transmitting antenna is launched to the reception device.
2. a kind of u piece of digital wireless audio transmission system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The transmitting radio frequency
Chip is modulated carrier wave to the digital audio and video signals and is specially:The transmitting radio frequency chip is by RF radio frequency chip logarithm word tones
Frequency signal carries out digital modulation, and the digital audio and video signals from the emission control processor are modulated by the transmitting radio frequency chip
For u piece of digital radiofrequency signals.
3. a kind of u piece of digital wireless audio transmission system according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The u piece of digital is penetrated
Frequency signal is 400MHz-1GHz frequency band signals.
4. a kind of u piece of digital wireless audio transmission system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The audio output
Equipment is mike, mobile phone, MP3 or other audio output apparatus.
5. a kind of u piece of digital wireless audio transmission system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The emission control
Processor and reception control process device adopt MCU micro-control units.
6. a kind of u piece of digital wireless audio transmission system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Dress is received described
In putting, the digital radio signal that receives discharger transmitting by the reception antenna, the reception antenna are exported to described
Receive radio frequency chip;The reception radio frequency chip is demodulated process by RF radio frequency chips to digital radio signal, obtains numeral
Audio signal, the reception radio frequency chip are delivered to the reception control process device by SPI serial line interfaces.
7. a kind of u piece of digital wireless audio transmission system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:Described reception controls
Digital audio and video signals are delivered to digital to analog converter by I2S audio interface by processor, and digital audio and video signals are turned by digital to analog converter
It is changed to simulated audio signal and exports to analogue audio frequency output module, analogue audio frequency output module finally exports audio frequency and completes wirelessly
The transmitting procedure of audio frequency.
8. a kind of u piece of digital wireless audio transmission system according to claim 7, it is characterised in that:The analogue audio frequency
Last module of output module as the reception device, can use power amplifier, audio amplifier, multimedia console, earphone or
Other dio Output Modules.
9. a kind of wireless audio frequency transmission function side of the u piece of digital wireless audio transmission systems that realizes described in any one of claim 1-8
Method, comprises the following steps:
Step 1:Analogue audio frequency input module receives simulated audio signal;
Step 2:The simulated audio signal for being received is converted to digital audio and video signals;
Step 3:Digital audio and video signals are modulated to u section wireless audio signals;
Step 4:U section wireless audio signals are launched by transmitting antenna;
Step 5:Reception device receives u section wireless audio signals;
Step 6:U section wireless audio signals are demodulated into digital audio and video signals;
Step 7:Digital audio and video signals are converted to simulated audio signal and are externally exported.
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CN109547893A (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2019-03-29 | 深圳科润视讯技术有限公司 | A kind of wireless audio system |
CN110213004A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-09-06 | 雷欧尼斯(北京)信息技术有限公司 | Immersion viewing method and device based on digital audio broadcasting mode |
CN112511478A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-03-16 | 湖南国科锐承电子科技有限公司 | Voice storage and transmission device and method based on FPGA |
CN114916092A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-08-16 | 深圳市盛天龙视听科技有限公司 | Method and system for realizing multi-earphone connection of sound equipment |
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