CN106505276B - A kind of heat management system - Google Patents
A kind of heat management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106505276B CN106505276B CN201610880258.4A CN201610880258A CN106505276B CN 106505276 B CN106505276 B CN 106505276B CN 201610880258 A CN201610880258 A CN 201610880258A CN 106505276 B CN106505276 B CN 106505276B
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 303
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/637—Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of heat management systems, belong to battery thermal management field.The system includes: multiple cooling units corresponding with multiple battery modules, and each cooling unit is constructed to be permeable to circulation cooling medium with the corresponding battery modules of cooling；General export for receiving the main entrance of cooling medium and for cooling medium to be discharged；Flow switch, it is connect respectively with each cooling unit in a manner of fluid communication, and multiple cooling units is interconnected into enable in series and flows sequentially through each cooling unit along flow path from the received cooling medium in main entrance and is discharged from general export；Wherein, flow switch is operable, so that any cooling unit can receive the cooling medium from main entrance as first in multiple cooling units.The temperature difference in system between any battery can be effectively reduced in the present invention, thoroughly solves the problems, such as excessive temperature differentials between battery, so as to improve battery performance, extends battery.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle, and more particularly, to a thermal management system for thermally managing a power battery in a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle.
Background
Along with the increasingly severe energy situation and the gradually strengthened environmental awareness of people, the electric vehicle is also increasingly paid more attention to the whole society, so that the continuous development and improvement of the battery and the power supply system for the electric vehicle are driven along with the increase of the energy situation and the increase of the environmental awareness of people. At present, overheating and thermal runaway of the battery are still main reasons influencing the performance and the service life of the battery. At present, main flow vehicle factories are all developing and applying liquid cooling systems to power systems so as to improve the performance of batteries and prolong the service life of the batteries.
The liquid cooling system generally has three layout forms on a power supply system: series, parallel, and series-parallel. The series connection mode has the advantages of space saving, compact layout and low cost, and has the defects of large temperature difference of the first battery and the last battery along the series flow path, uneven cooling and influence on the service life of the batteries. The parallel connection mode has the advantages of good cooling consistency and the defects of large occupied space, high cost and being not beneficial to the compact design of the battery. The series-parallel connection has the advantages of reasonable layout according to space and has the defects of high cost and complex structure. The liquid cooling scheme can solve the problem of overhigh system temperature, but has the problems of contradiction between cost, occupied space and cooling effect, and can not solve the problem of overlarge temperature difference among batteries. The temperature difference between batteries is too large, the consistency of the battery temperature is too poor, the performances of the batteries are inconsistent, and the service life of the batteries is not uniformly attenuated. The performance and the service life of the power system depend on the worst battery in the system, so that the performance and the service life of the battery system are directly influenced by overlarge temperature difference between the batteries. The traditional liquid cooling scheme can only change the cooling efficiency of the whole liquid cooling system by changing the efficiency of the liquid pump, can not independently improve or reduce the cooling efficiency of the cooling unit corresponding to a certain battery, and can not thoroughly solve the problem of overlarge temperature difference between the batteries.
Tesla research and development teams have published a battery pack heat transfer method, which changes the flow direction of the cooling liquid by forward and reverse rotation of the liquid pump, thereby interchanging the positions of the main inlet and outlet of the cooling system. Because the total entrance coolant temperature of system is low, cooling unit cooling efficiency is high, and total exit coolant temperature is high, and cooling unit cooling efficiency is low, consequently, through exchanging the total exit position of cooling system, the cooling efficiency of governing system head and tail end can reduce the temperature difference of total entry and exit battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The inventors of the present application found that: for a power supply system, there are various heat sources, and besides batteries themselves, there are also external heat sources, for example, exhaust pipes of hybrid vehicles operate at variable times, and batteries with excessive temperature difference may appear at unfixed positions due to different ground temperatures, local water splashing, different cooling of air flows caused by different vehicle speeds, and the like. However, the tesla publication method can only solve the problem of large temperature difference of the battery at the inlet and outlet of the system, and cannot solve the problem of large temperature difference of the battery at other positions, such as unfixed positions. Therefore, the prior art does not solve the problem of how to reduce the temperature difference between the battery with excessive temperature difference and other batteries when the battery with excessive temperature difference is not at the main inlet and outlet of the cooling system or the heating system.
The invention aims to provide a thermal management system for thermally managing a power battery in a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle, wherein the power battery comprises a plurality of battery modules; the thermal management system comprises:
a plurality of cooling units respectively corresponding to the plurality of battery modules, each of the cooling units being configured to be capable of circulating a cooling medium to cool the corresponding battery module;
a main inlet for receiving the cooling medium and a main outlet for discharging the cooling medium; and
a flow direction converter fluidly connected to each cooling unit, respectively, and interconnecting the plurality of cooling units in series such that the cooling medium received from the main inlet can flow through each cooling unit in series along a flow path and be discharged from the main outlet;
wherein the flow direction converter is operable to enable any one of the plurality of cooling units to receive the cooling medium from the main inlet as a first one of the plurality of cooling units.
Further, the flow direction converter includes a plurality of connection passages that are not communicated with each other, and the plurality of connection passages are respectively connected in fluid communication with the collective inlet, the plurality of cooling units, and the collective outlet to communicate the collective inlet, the plurality of cooling units, and the collective outlet with each other in series.
Further, the flow direction converter is movable so that the cooling medium flows through each cooling unit in a changed flow path and/or a changed sequence when the flow direction converter is operated to move.
Further, each cooling unit has two ports, wherein when either one of the two ports is an inlet of the cooling medium, the other one of the two ports is an outlet of the cooling medium; and is
The plurality of connection channels of the flow direction converter include:
an inlet passage having one end in fluid communication with the inlet manifold and another end in fluid communication with a port of one of the plurality of cooling units;
a discharge passage having one end in fluid communication with the main outlet and another end in fluid communication with a port of one of the plurality of cooling units; and
and the two ends of each guide channel are respectively connected with one port of each of two different cooling units in the plurality of cooling units.
Further, the flow direction converter includes a circular block body, and the plurality of connection channels are formed inside the block body; the total inlet and the total outlet are formed at the block;
wherein the other end of the inlet passage, the other end of the discharge passage, and the two ends of each of the guide passages are formed at a circumference of the block and are respectively in fluid communication with corresponding ports of the plurality of cooling units;
wherein the block is arranged to be rotatable about its center so that the other end of the inlet passage, the other end of the outlet passage, and the two ends of each of the guide passages are respectively brought into fluid communication with the ports of the plurality of cooling units in changed correspondence after the block is rotated, thereby allowing the cooling medium to flow through each of the cooling units in a changed flow path and/or a changed order.
Further, the other end of the inlet channel, the other end of the outlet channel, and the two ends of each of the guide channels are equally spaced along the circumference of the block, and the ports of the plurality of cooling units are equally spaced along the circumference of the block, such that each time the block is rotated by a predetermined angle, the other end of the inlet channel, the other end of the outlet channel, and the two ends of each of the guide channels are respectively in fluid communication with the ports of the plurality of cooling units in different corresponding relationships.
Further, the two ends of each guide channel are diametrically opposed along the block, and the other end of the inlet channel is diametrically opposed to the other end of the outlet channel along the block.
Further, the thermal management system further comprises:
the temperature detection unit is used for detecting the temperature of each battery module;
a controller which determines one of the plurality of cooling units as a first cooling unit which receives the cooling medium from the main inlet according to the temperature detected by the temperature detecting unit, and calculates a rotation angle of the block;
and the actuator drives the block to rotate around the center of the block by the rotation angle under the control of the controller.
Further, the plurality of cooling units is at least three cooling units.
According to the thermal management system, any cooling unit can be used as the first cooling unit which can receive the cooling medium from the main inlet, so that when the temperature of one battery module is determined to be too high or the temperature difference between the battery module and other battery modules is large according to the temperature of each battery module, the cooling unit which needs the cooling medium to flow through first can be determined to be the cooling unit which needs the cooling medium to flow through first, so that the cooling medium can flow through the battery module with too high temperature or large temperature difference first, the cooling efficiency of the cooling unit corresponding to the battery module is improved, the temperature difference between batteries in the system can be effectively reduced, the problem of too large temperature difference between the batteries is solved, the performance of the batteries is improved, and the service life of the batteries is prolonged.
According to the solution of the invention, the flow direction converter is movable, and the cooling medium can flow through each cooling unit in a changed flow path and/or in a changed sequence when the flow direction converter is operated to move. That is, each cooling unit may become the first cooling unit through which the cooling medium flows, and when the first cooling unit is changed, the cooling path thereof is changed. When the cooling unit corresponding to the battery module having a higher temperature and a larger temperature difference becomes the first cooling unit through which the cooling medium flows, the cooling unit becomes the cooling unit having the highest cooling efficiency by first receiving the cooling medium having the lowest temperature, and thus, the temperature of the corresponding battery module is more efficiently reduced and the temperature difference between the corresponding battery module and other battery modules is reduced. When the battery modules having a high temperature or an excessive temperature difference are present at other positions, the flow direction converter may be continuously operated to change the flow direction of the cooling medium to replace the first cooling unit receiving the cooling medium, thereby continuously reducing the temperature difference between the battery modules. Thus, as time goes by, the temperature difference between the battery modules is gradually reduced after the cooling medium is redirected one or more times by the flow direction converter. Therefore, the scheme of this application can carry out one or more times through the converter to the diversion of cooling medium after, reduces the difference in temperature between each battery module gradually along with the accumulation of time for the difference in temperature between a plurality of battery modules can infinitely approach to ideal state, and the unlimited approach is the state that the difference in temperature is zero promptly.
In addition, the solution of the invention is due to the fact that the cooling medium flows back to the flow direction converter before entering the next cooling unit and then out of the thermal management system through the main outlet. The valve control pipeline is simple in layout and low in cost.
The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Some specific embodiments of the invention will be described in detail hereinafter, by way of illustration and not limitation, with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in the drawings identify the same or similar elements or components. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal management system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a thermal management system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded schematic view of a thermal management system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the internal connection path through the flow direction converter according to one embodiment of the present invention and illustrates the flow direction of the cooling medium in the current state of the flow direction converter;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the flow direction sequence of the cooling medium after the flow direction converter is rotated counterclockwise by 30 degrees on the basis of FIG. 4;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the flow direction sequence of the cooling medium after the flow direction converter is rotated clockwise by 30 ° based on fig. 4.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a thermal management system 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention, which may be used for thermal management of a power battery. It is understood that, for a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle, the power batteries are generally provided in a battery pack 111 and arranged in the form of a plurality of battery modules 110. In fig. 1, n battery modules, i.e., battery modules 1 to n, are exemplarily shown.
The thermal management system 100 may include a plurality of cooling units 140 corresponding to the plurality of battery modules 110, that is, one cooling unit 140 corresponding to each battery module 110 for cooling the battery module, such as the cooling units 1 to n corresponding to the battery modules 1 to n in fig. 1. The cooling unit 140 is configured to be able to circulate a cooling medium to cool the corresponding battery module 110. A cooling medium may flow in the cooling unit 140 to absorb heat emitted therefrom at the battery module 110 and to carry the heat to the outside of the battery pack 111 for heat dissipation. The cooling medium may be a liquid, gas, or gel coolant having a good cooling effect and good fluidity. The cooling unit 140 may be a heat exchanger of any suitable structure, which may be disposed adjacent to or in contact with the battery module 110 so as to absorb heat emitted from the battery module 110 to cool the battery module 110. In other embodiments, more cooling units 140 may be provided at any one of the battery modules 110 and arranged in other manners than in fig. 1.
The thermal management system 100 may include a main inlet 31 and a main outlet 32 and a flow direction translator 160. The collective inlet 31 is for receiving the cooling medium from the storage tank 180, for example, and supplying it to the cooling unit 140, and the collective outlet 32 is for discharging the cooling medium after flowing through the cooling unit 140 to the storage tank 180, for example. The flow direction converter 160 is respectively connected in fluid communication with each cooling unit 140, and communicates the plurality of cooling units 140 to each other in series such that the cooling medium received from the main inlet 31 can sequentially flow through each cooling unit 140 along a flow path and be discharged from the main outlet 32. In one embodiment, the flow direction converter 160 is implemented by a fluid channel formed therein to connect a plurality of cooling units 140 in series, which will be described in detail below. As shown in fig. 1, the thermal management system 100 may further include a storage tank 180 for storing a cooling medium, a pump 170 for pumping the cooling medium, and a heat sink 190 for dissipating heat of the cooling medium. In operation, the pump 170 pumps the cooling medium from the storage tank 180 to the main inlet 31, and the cooling medium received through the main inlet 31 flows through the cooling units 140 in the order of the flow path defined by the flow direction converter 160, is discharged through the main outlet 32, is cooled by the heat sink 190, and is returned to the storage tank 180, thereby forming the cooling circuit 130 for the cooling medium.
The flow direction converter 160 is operable to enable any one of the plurality of cooling units 140 to receive cooling medium from the main inlet 31 as a first one of the plurality of cooling units 140. In other words, the flow direction converter 160 may change the flow direction of the cooling medium received from the main inlet 31 so that it can first flow to any desired cooling unit 140 as needed, thereby generally changing the flow order of the cooling medium within the respective cooling units. Since each cooling unit 140 corresponds to one battery module 110, when the temperature of one battery module 110 is relatively high, the flow direction converter 160 can be operated as required, so that the cooling unit 140 corresponding to the battery module 110 serves as the first cooling unit 140 receiving the cooling medium from the inlet port 31, and then flows through the other cooling units 140 in sequence according to a flow path, so that the cooling unit 140 with relatively high cooling efficiency (due to the relatively low temperature of the cooling medium therein) cools the battery module 110 with relatively high temperature. After flowing out of the last cooling unit 140 along the flow path, the cooling medium may enter the heat sink 190 outside the battery pack 111, where it exchanges heat with a medium, such as air, so that the cooling medium dissipates heat and cools down. After the cooled coolant is returned to the reservoir 180, the power battery can be cooled again by the pump 170 via the cooling circuit 130. Although the thermal management system 100 is mainly used for cooling the power battery, it is understood that a heater for heating a cooling medium may be disposed in the cooling circuit 130, so that the temperature difference between different battery modules 110 is gradually reduced by heating the cooling medium in a situation such as a cold external temperature. The reservoir 180, pump 170, heat sink 190, or heater not shown, described above in connection with fig. 1, may be of conventional construction and arrangement, and in other embodiments may be of other suitable construction and arrangement than that shown in fig. 1.
Compared with the prior art, any cooling unit 140 can be used as the first cooling unit 140 capable of receiving the cooling medium from the main inlet 31, so that when the temperature of one battery module 110 is determined to be too high or the temperature difference between the battery module 110 and other battery modules 110 is large according to the temperature of each battery module 110, the cooling unit 140 through which the cooling medium flows first can be determined to be needed, so that the cooling medium can flow through the battery module 110 with too high temperature or large temperature difference first, the cooling efficiency of the cooling unit 140 corresponding to the battery module 110 is improved, the temperature difference between batteries in the system can be effectively reduced, the problem of too large temperature difference between the batteries is solved, the performance of the batteries is improved, and the service life of the batteries is prolonged. Specifically, near the general inlet 31 of the thermal management system 100, the temperature of the cooling medium is the lowest and the cooling efficiency is relatively highest. According to the aspect of the present invention, the cooling unit 140 corresponding to the battery module 110 having the largest temperature difference or higher temperature in the system becomes the first cooling unit 140 receiving the cooling medium from the inlet manifold 31 of the system by operating the flow direction converter 160, so that the cooling unit 140 having high cooling efficiency cools the battery module 110 having the largest temperature difference or higher temperature. Thus, the temperature difference between the battery modules is gradually reduced as time goes by, with possibly operating the flow direction converter 160 a plurality of times.
To achieve the flow direction guiding of the cooling medium, the flow direction converter 160 may include a plurality of connecting channels or connecting flow passages that are not communicated with each other, and the plurality of connecting channels are respectively connected in fluid communication with the main inlet 31, the plurality of cooling units 140, and the main outlet 32 to communicate the main inlet 31, the plurality of cooling units 140, and the main outlet 32 with each other in series, so that the cooling medium can flow through the main inlet 31, the plurality of cooling units 140, and the main outlet 32 in sequence. The cooling medium can optionally first enter any of the cooling units 140, with that cooling unit 140 as the first cooling unit 140 to receive cooling medium from the manifold inlet, and then the cooling medium follows the connecting channel in the flow direction converter 160 to the next cooling unit 140 until it enters the last cooling unit 140 and then exits through the manifold outlet 32. The flow direction converter 160 is movable so that the cooling medium flows through each cooling unit 140 in a changed flow path and/or a changed order by changing the connection correspondence of its connection passages with the collective inlet 31, the plurality of cooling units 140, and the collective outlet 32 when the flow direction converter 160 is operated to move. In this way, when the other cooling unit 140 is made the first cooling unit 140 to receive the cooling medium from the inlet 31 by operating the flow direction converter 160, although the communication passage itself to the converter 160 is not changed, since the connection correspondence relationship with the inlet 31, the plurality of cooling units 140 and the outlet 32 is changed, the flow path formed by their series connection is naturally changed accordingly. Thus, by operating the flow direction converter 160, each cooling unit 140 is likely to be the first cooling unit through which the cooling medium flows. When the first cooling unit is changed, the flow path or cooling path of the cooling medium follows the change. When the cooling unit 140 corresponding to the battery module 110 having a higher temperature or a larger temperature difference becomes the first cooling unit through which the cooling medium flows, the cooling unit 140 becomes the cooling unit 140 having the highest cooling efficiency by first receiving the cooling medium having the lowest temperature, and thus, the temperature of the corresponding battery module 110 is more efficiently reduced and the temperature difference with other battery modules 110 is reduced. When a battery module having a high temperature or an excessive temperature difference is present elsewhere, the flow direction converter 160 may be continuously operated to change the flow direction of the cooling medium to replace the first cooling unit receiving the cooling medium, thereby continuously reducing the temperature difference between the battery modules. Thus, the temperature difference between the battery modules 110 is gradually reduced after performing one or more changes of direction of the cooling medium by the flow direction converter 160 over time.
In one implementation, each cooling unit 140 may have two ports, wherein when one of the two ports is used as an inlet of the cooling medium, the other of the two ports is used as an outlet of the cooling medium. All ports of all cooling units 140 and the total inlet 31 and the total outlet 32 for the cooling medium are in communication with the connection channel to the flow converter 160, which can be seen in fig. 2-4.
FIG. 2 illustrates a top view of a thermal management system 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of a thermal management system according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, in one embodiment, the flow direction converter 160 may be shaped as a circular block. As shown in fig. 4, a plurality of connecting passages are formed inside the block, and the total inlet 31 and the total outlet 32 may also be formed at the block.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2-4, the thermal management system 100 illustratively includes six cooling units 140, a first cooling unit 41, a second cooling unit 42, a third cooling unit 43, a fourth cooling unit 44, a fifth cooling unit 45, and a sixth cooling unit 46. For each cooling unit, its two ports are identified with a and b, respectively. Thus, for example, for the first cooling unit 41, its two ports are respectively identified as 41a and 41 b. The plurality of connection channels of the flow direction converter 160 includes an inlet channel 61, an outlet channel 62, and one or more guide channels 63. In case the thermal management system 100 comprises the aforementioned 6 cooling units 41-46, the connection channels to the converter 160 comprise, as shown in fig. 4, an inlet channel 61, an outlet channel 62 and five guide channels 63. One end of the inlet passage 61 is in fluid communication with the inlet manifold 31 and the other end is in fluid communication with one port 45b of the fifth cooling unit 45. One end of the discharge passage 62 is in fluid communication with the overall outlet 32, and the other end is in fluid communication with one port of the second cooling unit 42. Both ends of one guide passage 63 of the five guide passages 63 respectively connect one port of each of the fifth cooling unit 45 and the first cooling unit 41, both ends of one guide passage 63 respectively connect one port of each of the first cooling unit 41 and the fourth cooling unit 44, both ends of one guide passage 63 respectively connect one port of each of the fourth cooling unit 44 and the sixth cooling unit 46, both ends of one guide passage 63 respectively connect one port of each of the sixth cooling unit 46 and the third cooling unit 43, and both ends of one guide passage 63 respectively connect one port of each of the third cooling unit 43 and the second cooling unit 42. Since the one port 45b of the fifth cooling unit 45 is in fluid communication with the other end of the inlet manifold 31, the fifth cooling unit 45 at this time serves as the first cooling unit through which the cooling medium flows. The order in which the cooling medium flows through the six cooling units 41-46 is the fifth cooling unit 45, the first cooling unit 41, the fourth cooling unit 44, the sixth cooling unit 46, the third cooling unit 43, and the second cooling unit 42, in this order, in the connection relationship between the five guide passages 63 and the respective cooling units, respectively. The flow path or cooling path of the cooling medium is therefore: 31-45b-45a-41b-41a-44b-44a-46b-46a-43b-43a-42b-42 a-32. The principle is that when the cooling medium first flows through the fifth cooling unit 45, the fifth cooling unit 45 becomes the cooling unit with the highest cooling efficiency, the cooling efficiency of the other cooling units is relatively low, and the temperature difference between the battery module 110 corresponding to the fifth cooling unit 45 and the battery modules 110 corresponding to the other cooling units is gradually reduced as time elapses.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2-4, the flow direction converter 160 includes seven connecting passages, one inlet passage 61, one outlet passage 62, and five guide passages 63. The other end of the inlet passage 61, the other end of the discharge passage 62, and both ends of each guide passage 63 are formed at the circumference of the block and are respectively in fluid communication with corresponding ports of the plurality of cooling units 140. More specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the other end of the inlet passage 61, the other end of the outlet passage 62, and both ends of each guide passage 62 are equally spaced along the circumference of the block, and the ports of the six cooling units 41 to 46 are equally spaced along the circumference of the block. The two ends of each guide channel 63 are diametrically opposed along the block, and the other end of the inlet channel 61 is diametrically opposed to the other end of the outlet channel 62 along the block. This causes the other end of the inlet channel 61, the other end of the outlet channel 62, and both ends of each guide channel 63 to be in fluid communication with the ports of the six cooling units 41 to 46, respectively, in different corresponding relationships for each predetermined angle of rotation of the block. Wherein the block is arranged to be rotatable about its center so that the other end of the inlet channel 61, the other end of the outlet channel 62 and both ends of each guide channel 63 are in fluid communication with the ports of the six cooling units 41-46, respectively, in varying correspondence after rotation of the block, so that the cooling medium flows through each cooling unit in varying flow paths and/or varying order. Fig. 4 also shows, by way of example, that the guide channel 63 is configured as a through channel. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments it may be other types of channels enabling the cooling medium to flow in a flow path, for example a bendable channel consisting of a hose.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the medium flow direction sequence after the flow direction converter is rotated counterclockwise by 30 ° on the basis of fig. 4. In one embodiment, a 30 counterclockwise rotation of the flow direction converter 160 is actually a 30 counterclockwise rotation of the block about its center, while the interface between the flow direction converter 160 and the cooling unit 140 is fixed. That is, when the flow direction converter 160 is rotated counterclockwise by 30 °, the position of the cooling unit 140 and the port position of the cooling unit 140 are not changed, which can be obtained by comparing fig. 4 and 5. When the flow direction converter 160 is rotated counterclockwise by 30 °, the correspondence between the other end of the inlet passage 61, the other end of the outlet passage 62, and both ends of each guide passage 63 and the ports of the six cooling units 41 to 46 is changed. The other end of the access channel 61 follows the block and turns to 42b as shown in figure 5. The other end of the discharge channel 62 follows the block and turns to 43 a. The correspondence of the two ends of the five guide channels 63 to the ports of the six cooling units 41 to 46 is changed accordingly. Both ends of one guide passage 63 of the five guide passages 63 respectively connect one port of each of the second cooling unit 42 and the fifth cooling unit 45, both ends of one guide passage 63 respectively connect one port of each of the fifth cooling unit 45 and the first cooling unit 41, both ends of one guide passage 63 respectively connect one port of each of the first cooling unit 41 and the fourth cooling unit 44, both ends of one guide passage 63 respectively connect one port of each of the fourth cooling unit 44 and the sixth cooling unit 46, and both ends of one guide passage 63 respectively connect one port of each of the sixth cooling unit 46 and the third cooling unit 43. Since one port 42b of the second cooling unit 42 is in fluid communication with the other end of the inlet manifold 31, the second cooling unit 42 at this time serves as the first cooling unit through which the cooling medium flows. The order in which the cooling medium flows through the six cooling units 41 to 46 is the second cooling unit 42, the fifth cooling unit 45, the first cooling unit 41, the fourth cooling unit 44, the sixth cooling unit 46, and the third cooling unit 43 in the order of the connection relationship between the five guide passages 63 and the respective cooling units. The flow path or cooling path of the cooling medium is therefore: 31-42b-42a-45b-45a-41b-41a-44b-44a-46b-46a-43b-43 a-32. The principle is that when the cooling medium first flows through the second cooling unit 42, the second cooling unit 42 becomes the cooling unit having the highest cooling efficiency, the cooling efficiency of the other cooling units is relatively low, and the temperature difference between the battery module 110 corresponding to the second cooling unit 42 and the battery modules 110 corresponding to the other cooling units is gradually reduced as time elapses.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the medium flow direction sequence after the flow direction converter is rotated clockwise by 30 ° on the basis of fig. 4. In one embodiment, a 30 clockwise rotation of the flow direction converter 160 is actually a 30 clockwise rotation of the block about its center, while the interface between the flow direction converter 160 and the cooling unit 140 is fixed. That is, when the flow direction converter 160 is rotated clockwise by 30 °, the positions of the cooling units 140 and the positions of the ports of the cooling units 140 are not changed, which can be obtained by comparing fig. 4 and 6. When the flow direction converter 160 is rotated clockwise by 30 °, the correspondence between the other end of the inlet passage 61, the other end of the outlet passage 62, and both ends of each guide passage 63 and the ports of the six cooling units 41 to 46 is changed. The other end of the access channel 61 follows the block and turns to 45a as shown in figure 6. The other end of the discharge channel 62 follows the block and turns to 41 b. The correspondence of the two ends of the five guide channels 63 to the ports of the six cooling units 41 to 46 is changed accordingly. Both ends of one guide passage 63 of the five guide passages 63 respectively connect one port of each of the fifth cooling unit 45 and the second cooling unit 42, both ends of one guide passage 63 respectively connect one port of each of the second cooling unit 42 and the third cooling unit 43, both ends of one guide passage 63 respectively connect one port of each of the third cooling unit 43 and the sixth cooling unit 46, both ends of one guide passage 63 respectively connect one port of each of the sixth cooling unit 46 and the fourth cooling unit 44, and both ends of one guide passage 63 respectively connect one port of each of the fourth cooling unit 44 and the first cooling unit 41. Since one port 45a of the fifth cooling unit 45 is in fluid communication with the other end of the inlet manifold 31, the fifth cooling unit 45 at this time serves as the first cooling unit through which the cooling medium flows. The order in which the cooling medium flows through the six cooling units 41 to 46 is the fifth cooling unit 45, the second cooling unit 42, the third cooling unit 43, the sixth cooling unit 46, the fourth cooling unit 44, and the first cooling unit 41 in this order in accordance with the connection relationship between the five guide passages 63 and the respective cooling units, respectively. The flow path or cooling path of the cooling medium is therefore: 31-45a-45b-42a-42b-43a-43b-46a-46b-44a-44b-41a-41 b-32. The principle is that when the cooling medium first flows through the fifth cooling unit 45, the fifth cooling unit 45 becomes the cooling unit with the highest cooling efficiency, the cooling efficiency of the other cooling units is relatively low, and the temperature difference between the battery module 110 corresponding to the fifth cooling unit 45 and the battery modules 110 corresponding to the other cooling units is gradually reduced as time elapses.
In other embodiments, the number of cooling units 140 may be three or more. Any cooling unit 140 may serve as the cooling unit 140 at the collective inlet 31, and thus any cooling unit 140 may be the cooling unit 140 having the highest cooling efficiency.
In order to detect the temperature of the battery modules 110 and to implement the control of the flow direction converter 160, the thermal management system 100 may further include a temperature detection unit 120 for detecting the temperature of each battery module 110, a controller 150, and an actuator. The temperature detection unit 120 may be disposed at the battery module 110. The controller 150 is configured to determine one cooling unit 140 among the plurality of cooling units 140 as a first cooling unit receiving the cooling medium from the inlet manifold according to the temperature detected by the temperature detecting unit 120, and calculate a rotation angle of the block. The stopper is used to drive the block to rotate about its center by a desired rotation angle under the control of the controller 150. In one embodiment, the temperature sensing unit 120 or the controller 150 may be configured to calculate a temperature difference between the different battery modules 110 and/or a temperature rise rate of each battery module 110, and determine the cooling unit 140 through which the cooling medium first flows according to the temperature difference and/or the temperature rise rate of each battery module. In one embodiment, the temperature detection unit 120 may include a temperature sensing element and a processing element integrated together. The temperature sensing element is used for detecting the temperature of the battery modules 110, and the processing element is used for processing the temperature data of the battery modules 110 to obtain the temperature difference between different battery modules 110 and/or the temperature rise rate of each battery module 110. In another embodiment, the temperature sensing element is disposed at the battery module and the processing element is disposed at other locations, such as on a chip of the controller 150, without being integrated together. In order to reduce the load of the processing element, the processing element may be configured to calculate only the temperature difference between each battery module 110 and the battery module 110 having the highest temperature, without calculating the temperature difference between each battery module 110 and all other battery modules 110.
The control principle of the controller 150 is as follows: assume that the current temperatures of the n battery modules 110 are T1、T2……TnThe heat generation rates of the n battery modules within a certain time are respectively Q1、Q2……QnThe heat dissipation rate of the n battery modules within the same time is q1、q2……qnAfter T time, the temperature of the n battery modules is T1’＝T1+(Q1-q1)……Tn’＝Tn+(Qn-qn) The following formula is satisfied:
wherein,is the average temperature of the battery module at time t,is the average temperature of the battery module at time t-1. By controlling the flow direction of the cooling medium and changing the order of heat transfer, the temperature of the battery modules 110 may be lowered, and the temperature difference of the respective battery modules 110 may be gradually reduced as time elapses.
It can be understood that the flow direction of the cooling medium is not frequently changed in the actual working process of the thermal management system 100, and if the temperature difference of all the battery modules 110 in the system does not exceed the preset temperature difference threshold and/or the temperature rise rate of each battery module 110 does not exceed the preset temperature rise rate, the flow path of the cooling medium is controlled to be kept unchanged.
The flow path of the cooling medium is that the cooling medium enters the first cooling unit from the main inlet 31 through the connecting channel and flows back into the block body, then flows according to the flow path until enters the last cooling unit and flows back into the block body, and finally flows out from the main outlet 32. By arranging the flow direction converter 160 in this way, on the one hand, the cooling medium flows back into the block before entering the next cooling unit 140, instead of directly entering the next cooling unit 140, reducing the layout of the valve control circuit; on the other hand, since the block needs to be rotated first so that the cooling medium enters the designated cooling unit 140 first in a changed flow path, the arrangement mode is ingenious and simple, the accuracy of valve control is increased, the arrangement of the layout of the valve control pipeline is indirectly reduced, and the cost is reduced. It is understood that in other embodiments, the flow direction converter 160 may be configured in other shapes and structures, and only one of the cooling units is required to be the first cooling unit to receive the cooling medium. According to the scheme of the invention, when the battery with overlarge temperature difference appears at other positions, the flow direction conversion device can continuously change the flow direction, so that the temperature difference between the batteries is reduced, and the problem of overlarge temperature difference of the battery is thoroughly solved.
In other embodiments, the battery module 110 may have other layouts, and accordingly, the layout of the cooling unit 140 is adjusted. The layout of the battery modules 110 may also be adjusted according to the requirement of the heat dissipation rate of each battery module 110. The calculation of the flow sequence group can be made according to the temperature difference requirement between the battery units or the test result, and an optimal heat exchange scheme is given. For example, the heat dissipation rate of the battery modules a and B is required to be 200% greater than that of the other battery modules and the heat dissipation rate of the battery module C is required to be 70% less than that of the other battery modules, so that the battery module A, B is adjacently disposed and the battery module C is placed at the farthest position from the battery module A, B when arranging. Under normal operating conditions, when battery module A or B reach 40 ℃, and when the difference in temperature with battery module C is greater than 4 ℃, controller 150 controls the flow direction of cooling medium to be: 31-Ao-Bi-Bo-……-Ai-32, cool for 75 seconds; readjusting the flow direction of the cooling medium to 31- (B-1)i-Bo-Bi-Ao-Ai-……-(B-1)o32, cooling for 85 seconds.Wherein A isiRepresents an inlet of the cooling unit 140 at the battery module A, AoRepresents an outlet of the cooling unit 140 at the battery module A, BiRepresents an inlet of the cooling unit 140 at the battery module B, BoRepresents the outlet of the cooling unit 140 at the battery module B, and so on, (B-1)iRepresents an inlet of the cooling unit 140 at the battery module B-1, (B-1)oRepresents the outlet of the cooling unit 140 at the battery module B-1. When the temperature drop rate or the temperature difference is reduced, the two-stage cooling time is adjusted and the water temperature is increased to save energy. Tests prove that the temperature is less than 48 ℃ and the temperature difference is less than 2 ℃ when all the battery modules 110 in the battery pack 111 are balanced, so that the use requirement of the battery pack 111 is met.
Thus, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that while a number of exemplary embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications consistent with the principles of the invention may be directly determined or derived from the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be understood and interpreted to cover all such other variations or modifications.
Claims (9)
1. A thermal management system is used for thermally managing a power battery in a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle, wherein the power battery comprises a plurality of battery modules; the thermal management system comprises:
a plurality of cooling units respectively corresponding to the plurality of battery modules, each of the cooling units being configured to be capable of circulating a cooling medium to cool the corresponding battery module;
a main inlet for receiving the cooling medium and a main outlet for discharging the cooling medium; and
a flow direction converter fluidly connected to each cooling unit, respectively, and interconnecting the plurality of cooling units in series such that the cooling medium received from the main inlet can flow through each cooling unit in series along a flow path and be discharged from the main outlet;
wherein the flow direction converter is operable to enable any one of the plurality of cooling units to receive the cooling medium from the main inlet as a first one of the plurality of cooling units.
2. The thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the flow direction converter comprises a plurality of connecting channels that are not in communication with each other, the plurality of connecting channels being respectively connected in fluid communication with the inlet manifold, the plurality of cooling units, and the outlet manifold to communicate the inlet manifold, the plurality of cooling units, and the outlet manifold with each other in series.
3. The thermal management system of claim 2, wherein the flow direction converter is movable such that the cooling medium flows through each cooling unit in a changed flow path and/or a changed sequence when the flow direction converter is operated to move.
4. The thermal management system of claim 2, wherein each cooling unit has two ports, wherein when either of the two ports is an inlet for the cooling medium, the other of the two ports is an outlet for the cooling medium; and is
The plurality of connection channels of the flow direction converter include:
an inlet passage having one end in fluid communication with the inlet manifold and another end in fluid communication with a port of one of the plurality of cooling units;
a discharge passage having one end in fluid communication with the main outlet and another end in fluid communication with a port of one of the plurality of cooling units; and
and the two ends of each guide channel are respectively connected with one port of each of two different cooling units in the plurality of cooling units.
5. The thermal management system of claim 4, wherein the flow direction converter comprises a circular block, the plurality of connecting channels being formed inside the block; the total inlet and the total outlet are formed at the block;
wherein the other end of the inlet passage, the other end of the discharge passage, and the two ends of each of the guide passages are formed at a circumference of the block and are respectively in fluid communication with corresponding ports of the plurality of cooling units;
wherein the block is arranged to be rotatable about its center so that the other end of the inlet passage, the other end of the outlet passage, and the two ends of each of the guide passages are respectively brought into fluid communication with the ports of the plurality of cooling units in changed correspondence after the block is rotated, thereby allowing the cooling medium to flow through each of the cooling units in a changed flow path and/or a changed order.
6. The thermal management system of claim 5, wherein said other end of said inlet channel, said other end of said discharge channel, and said two ends of each of said guide channels are equally spaced along said circumference of said block, and said ports of said plurality of cooling units are equally spaced along said circumference of said block such that each rotation of said block by a predetermined angle places said other end of said inlet channel, said other end of said discharge channel, and said two ends of each of said guide channels in different corresponding relationship in fluid communication with said ports of said plurality of cooling units, respectively.
7. The thermal management system of claim 5 or 6, wherein the two ends of each guide channel are diametrically opposed along the block, and the other end of the inlet channel is diametrically opposed to the other end of the outlet channel along the block.
8. The thermal management system of claim 5 or 6, further comprising:
the temperature detection unit is used for detecting the temperature of each battery module;
a controller which determines one of the plurality of cooling units as a first cooling unit which receives the cooling medium from the main inlet according to the temperature detected by the temperature detecting unit, and calculates a rotation angle of the block;
and the actuator drives the block to rotate around the center of the block by the rotation angle under the control of the controller.
9. The thermal management system of any of claims 1-6, wherein said plurality of cooling units is at least three cooling units.
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| SE2050289A1 (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2021-09-18 | Scania Cv Ab | Coolant Distribution Manifold, Propulsion Battery Cooling System, and Vehicle. |
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| CN109709137B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-12-10 | 湖北雷迪特冷却系统股份有限公司 | Battery water cooling plate temperature uniformity test equipment and method |
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