CN106504518B - A kind of dispatching method that city bus is cooperateed with long-distance passenger transportation - Google Patents

A kind of dispatching method that city bus is cooperateed with long-distance passenger transportation Download PDF

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CN106504518B
CN106504518B CN201611041499.6A CN201611041499A CN106504518B CN 106504518 B CN106504518 B CN 106504518B CN 201611041499 A CN201611041499 A CN 201611041499A CN 106504518 B CN106504518 B CN 106504518B
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高华
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Zhejiang Institute of Communications
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Abstract

The invention discloses the dispatching methods that a kind of city bus is cooperateed with long-distance passenger transportation, set up passenger flow information Sharing Center by city public transportation enterprise and long-distance passenger transportation enterprise, which includes historical data base and real-time data base；The time and the long of passenger flow that daily coach in historical data base with long-distance passenger transportation station reaches transport historical data, the public transport historical data of passenger got on the bus with get-off stop and time, number on bus；E.T.A and the number of getting off are uploaded to the real-time data base of passenger flow information Sharing Center when that will reach the long-distance station in city by the driver of long-distance passenger transportation regular bus in advance；And by calculating, that is, it can determine total fitted out vehicles amount, unidirectional fitted out vehicles amount and the departure interval in special time period, to complete to dispatch.The present invention is by setting up passenger flow information Sharing Center, to realize the city bus dispatching of city long-distance passenger transportation station areas and cooperateing with for the long-distance passenger flow reached.

Description

A kind of dispatching method that city bus is cooperateed with long-distance passenger transportation
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of transportation, especially traffic scheduling technical field, public more particularly, to a kind of city The dispatching method for giving long-distance passenger transportation to cooperate with.
Background technique
The long-distance bus station in city is one of city passenger flow collecting and distributing centre the most main, gives full play to city bus transport Passenger flow transportation function, quickly carry out city long-distance bus hub region passenger flow it is collecting and distributing, be city bus transport main duty Blame content.Due in city public transportation and long-distance passenger flow transport be under the jurisdiction of different subjects of operation, urban public traffic vehicles do not have Have and realize cooperative scheduling with long-distance passenger transportation vehicle, is changed between city public transit vehicle and long-distance passenger transportation vehicle so as to cause passenger When waiting for a long time, long-distance passenger transportation hub region in passenger flow be easy the public transit vehicle passenger flow squeezed, long-distance passenger transportation hinge sets out A series of problems, such as unbalanced.In view of reaching the passenger flow of highway bus station by public transit vehicle, in time and multiplied public affairs All more dispersed in terms of intersection road, randomness is stronger, therefore, the main mesh of city public transport and long-distance bus passenger traffic cooperative scheduling , be rapid evacuation from other places, take the passenger flow of arriving at a station of long-distance bus, therefore public transit vehicle and long-distance passenger transportation cooperate with tune Degree primarily focuses on, the scheduling of the public transit vehicle originated from coach station.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the dispatching methods that a kind of city bus is cooperateed with long-distance passenger transportation, to improve city public transport Passenger flow collecting and distributing efficiency of the vehicle to city long-distance passenger transportation hub region.
For this purpose, present invention employs the following technical solutions:
A kind of dispatching method that city bus is cooperateed with long-distance passenger transportation, includes the following steps:
1) city public transportation enterprise and long-distance passenger transportation enterprise set up passenger flow information Sharing Center, during the passenger flow information is shared Pericardium includes historical data base and real-time data base；What the daily coach in historical data base with long-distance passenger transportation station reached Time and the long of passenger flow transport historical data, the public transport history number of passenger got on the bus with get-off stop and time, number on bus According to；The driver of long-distance passenger transportation regular bus by E.T.A and gets off in number in advance when that will reach the long-distance station in city Pass to the real-time data base of passenger flow information Sharing Center；
2) it is originated from coach bus station or drives towards the public bus network in urban district by highway bus station, according to the following formula I calculates its vehicle quantity required within a certain period of time:
Wherein: PiFor the fitted out vehicles amount of i-th of period；
Hi1For the public bus network starting point maximum volume of the flow of passengers in long fortune historical data, Hi2For the line in public transport historical data The on the way maximum section volume of the flow of passengers of the road in addition to starting point；
D is normal appearance of vehicle amount, refers to the normal passenger carrying capacity of the matched vehicle of route；
φiRate coefficient is fully loaded with for the expectation passenger flow of i period；
3) II determines the departure interval according to the following formula:
Wherein: TjgFor the headway of adjacent two vehicles, unit is minute；
λiFor the long-distance passenger flow coefficient that arrives at a station；
4) III determines that route unidirectionally configures vehicle number according to the following formula:
Wherein: QiFor the unidirectional fitted out vehicles amount of i period public bus network；
L is the length of public bus network, unit km；
ViFor average running speed of the route within the i period, unit km/h in public transport historical data；
By calculating step above, that is, can determine total fitted out vehicles amount in special time period, unidirectional fitted out vehicles amount and dispatching a car Interval, to complete to dispatch.
In above formula, φiIt is fully loaded with rate coefficient for passenger flow, this is because we are by inquiry the study found that in city The peak period people that go on a journey are higher to interior crowded the degree of tolerance, and in flat peak period people to interior crowded the degree of tolerance It is lower, therefore we introduce this coefficient, it is slightly higher in peak period value, such as φi=1.2, in the flat peak period, take φi=1.0, this The bus trip impression of passenger had not only can be improved in sample, but also can reduce quantity of dispatching a car to the greatest extent, reduced bus operation cost.Certainly, specifically Value can be adjusted according to different cities situation.λiλ is taken in passenger on long-distance routes's levelling peak period for the long-distance passenger flow coefficient that arrives at a stationi =1.0, in the peak period that passenger on long-distance routes flows to station, take λi< 1, it is appropriate to shorten the departure interval.
As further technical solution, the present invention can also carry out micro- in real time on the basis of above-mentioned dispatching method It adjusts, specific method is:
The real-time data base for verifying passenger flow information Sharing Center is more than single bus capacity 70% if any seating capacity Long-distance vehicle, which is postponed, to be reached, then is adjusted using following formula I V to the departure interval:
Wherein: TnewFor headway adjusted；
HdThe passenger on long-distance routes person who lives in exile's number reached for expected latency；
C by adjustment route coefficient is shared to long-distance passenger flow of arriving at a station, for take the passengers quantity of this public bus network with The ratio of the outbound number in coach station, is derived from historical data base；
A is compromise coefficient, which determines according to field condition between 0.5~0.8, by dispatcher.
Above-mentioned steps make this method have certain elasticity, can be used for dealing with the late special circumstances of coach.
Technical solution further below also can be used in the present invention:
Real-time data base is opened to passenger, and passenger is registered oneself and changed by the server of access passenger flow information Sharing Center Ride in a bus the city destination to be reached；Several concentration transfers destination is chosen from historical data base, opens up through area Between vehicle, according to the following formula V configure local train quantity:
Wherein: MiFor the fitted out vehicles amount of the local train of i period；
KLi1The section maximum volume of the flow of passengers for the i period counted in historical data base, KLi2For long-distance passenger transportation real time data The i period reserves the passengers quantity of corresponding transfer destination in library.
When opening up local train, scheduling headway and unidirectional fitted out vehicles still are calculated using previously described formula II, formula III Amount does not repeat this time.
The present invention is by setting up passenger flow information Sharing Center, and the history and real time data for realizing long-distance passenger transportation are to city public transport The information opening of management and running, to realize the city bus dispatching of city long-distance passenger transportation station areas and the passenger on long-distance routes reached The collaboration of stream.By being ranked scheduler routine plan according to history passenger flow data, operation plan is finely adjusted using real time data, The waiting time changed between long-distance passenger transportation and city public transport is reduced to the maximum extent, and between efficient balance difference public transit vehicle Passenger flow, reduce overcrowding in public transit vehicle and passenger flow be very few, not only improved the comfort of public transit vehicle seating, and but also can reduce Part public transit vehicle inefficient traveling of bring due to passenger is very few.City Public Transport Transfer mesh is reserved in advance by long-distance passenger transportation passenger Ground, improve city bus dispatching specific aim.By according to city public bus network passenger flow historical statistical data and long-distance passenger Transfer destination reservation data combines, and opens the through bus in section, had not only improved the passenger flow conevying efficiency of public transit vehicle, but also Improve the bus trip experience of passenger.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is schematic diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Referring to attached drawing.Embodiment one:
Steps are as follows for the specific dispatching method used: 1) by relevant governmentals such as the urban transportation committee or Public Security Department Department coordinates city public transportation enterprise and long-distance passenger transportation enterprise and sets up passenger flow information Sharing Center, during the passenger flow information is shared Pericardium includes historical data base and real-time data base；What the daily coach in historical data base with long-distance passenger transportation station reached Time and the long of passenger flow transport historical data, the public transport history number of passenger got on the bus with get-off stop and time, number on bus According to；The driver of long-distance passenger transportation regular bus by E.T.A and gets off in number in advance when that will reach the long-distance station in city Pass to the real-time data base of passenger flow information Sharing Center.
Practical investigation finds that it is (early to be respectively as follows: the morning peak period for the trip rush hour section of passenger along the public bus network of city 7:00 to early 9:00) and evening peak period (afternoon 5:00 to evening 7:00), and long-distance passenger transportation arrives at a station the rush hour section of passenger flow Between the respectively 9:30 to 11 in morning and the 3:00 in afternoon is between 5:30.Therefore, coach bus station is originated One day runing time of public bus network is divided into period as shown in the table (by taking runing time 5:30-20:00 as an example):
Public bus network scheduling time section divides
Serial number Beginning and ending time Remarks
1 5:30-7:00 The flat peak period
2 7:00-9:00 Peak period on the way
3 9:00-9:30 The flat peak period
4 9:30-11:00 Long-distance peak period
5 11:00-15:00 The flat peak period
6 15:00-17:00 Long-distance peak period
7 17:00-19:00 Peak period on the way
8 19:00-20:00 The flat peak period
For runing time section different in table, using different scheduling strategies, specific coordinated dispatching method is specifically included that
2) I calculates its vehicle quantity required within a certain period of time according to the following formula:
Wherein: PiFor the fitted out vehicles amount of i-th of period；
Hi1For the public bus network starting point maximum volume of the flow of passengers in long fortune historical data, Hi2For the line in public transport historical data The on the way maximum section volume of the flow of passengers of the road in addition to starting point；
D is normal appearance of vehicle amount, refers to the normal passenger carrying capacity of the matched vehicle of route；
φiRate coefficient is fully loaded with for the expectation passenger flow of i period；
3) II determines the departure interval according to the following formula:
Wherein: TjgFor the headway of adjacent two vehicles, unit is minute；
λiFor the long-distance passenger flow coefficient that arrives at a station；
4) III determines that route unidirectionally configures vehicle number according to the following formula:
Wherein: QiFor the unidirectional fitted out vehicles amount of i period public bus network；
L is the length of public bus network, unit km；
ViFor average running speed of the route within the i period, unit km/h in public transport historical data；By above Step is calculated, that is, can determine total fitted out vehicles amount, unidirectional fitted out vehicles amount and the departure interval in special time period, to complete long fortune The scheduling at the city bus dispatching station at station.
In above formula, φiIt is fully loaded with rate coefficient for passenger flow, this is because we are by inquiry the study found that in city The peak period people that go on a journey are higher to interior crowded the degree of tolerance, and in flat peak period people to interior crowded the degree of tolerance It is lower, therefore this coefficient is introduced, it is slightly higher in peak period value, such as φi=1.2, in the flat peak period, take φi=1.0, so both The bus trip impression of passenger can be improved, and quantity of dispatching a car can be reduced to the greatest extent, reduce bus operation cost.
λiλ is taken in passenger on long-distance routes's levelling peak period for the long-distance passenger flow coefficient that arrives at a stationi=1.0, the peak at station is flowed in passenger on long-distance routes Period takes λi< 1, it is appropriate to shorten the departure interval.
City bus operation enterprise obtains the long fortune historical data base in passenger flow information Sharing Center, and is arranged with this long-distance Bus hub originates the daily operation plan of tentatively arranging an order according to class and grade of public transit vehicle.By setting up passenger flow information Sharing Center, realize long-distance The information opening that the history and real time data of passenger traffic run city bus dispatching, to realize city long-distance passenger transportation station areas City bus dispatching and the long-distance passenger flow that is reached cooperate with.
Embodiment two
It is finely tuned in real time on the basis of the dispatching method of above-described embodiment one, specific method is:
The real-time data base for verifying passenger flow information Sharing Center is more than single bus capacity 70% if any seating capacity Long-distance vehicle, which is postponed, to be reached, then is adjusted using following formula I V to the departure interval:
Wherein: TnewFor headway adjusted；
HdThe passenger on long-distance routes person who lives in exile's number reached for expected latency；
C by adjustment route coefficient is shared to long-distance passenger flow of arriving at a station, for take the passengers quantity of this public bus network with The ratio of the outbound number in coach station, is derived from historical data base；
A is compromise coefficient, which determines according to field condition between 0.5~0.8, by dispatcher.
Above-mentioned steps make this method have certain elasticity, can be used for dealing with the late special circumstances of coach.It is logical It crosses and is ranked scheduler routine plan according to history passenger flow data, operation plan is finely adjusted using real time data, to the maximum extent The waiting time changed between long-distance passenger transportation and city public transport, and the passenger flow between efficient balance difference public transit vehicle are reduced, is subtracted Overcrowding and passenger flow in few public transit vehicle is very few, has not only improved the comfort of public transit vehicle seating, but also can reduce part public transport Vehicle inefficient traveling of bring due to passenger is very few.City Public Transport Transfer destination is reserved in advance by long-distance passenger transportation passenger, is mentioned The specific aim of high city bus dispatching.
Embodiment three:
Embodiment three and embodiment one the difference is that, open up through local train.It specifically, is by real time data Library is opened to long-distance passenger transportation passenger, and passenger registers oneself transfer bus and be intended to reach by access passenger flow information Sharing Center City destination；Several concentration transfers destination is chosen from historical data base, opens up through local train, V matches according to the following formula Set local train quantity:
Wherein: MiFor the fitted out vehicles amount of the local train of i period；
KLi1The section maximum volume of the flow of passengers for the i period counted in historical data base, KLi2For long-distance passenger transportation real time data The i period reserves the passengers quantity of corresponding transfer destination in library.
When opening up local train, scheduling headway and unidirectional fitted out vehicles still are calculated using previously described formula II, formula III Amount does not repeat this time.City Public Transport Transfer destination is reserved in advance by long-distance passenger transportation passenger, improves the needle of city bus dispatching To property.It is mutually tied by changing to destination reservation data with long-distance passenger transportation passenger according to city public bus network passenger flow historical statistical data It closes, opens the through bus in section, not only improved the passenger flow conevying efficiency of public transit vehicle, but also improve the bus trip body of passenger It tests.

Claims (3)

1.一种城市公交与长途客运协同的调度方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：1. a scheduling method for the coordination of urban public transport and long-distance passenger transport, is characterized in that comprising the steps: 1)市内公交运输企业和长途客运企业成立客流信息共享中心，该客流信息共享中心包括历史数据库和实时数据库；历史数据库中具有长途客运车站的日常长途车辆到达的时间和客流的长运历史数据，公交车上乘客的上车和下车站点及时间、人数的公交历史数据；长途客运班车的司机在即将到达城市长途车站时，提前将预计到达时间和下车人数上传到客流信息共享中心的实时数据库；1) The city's public transport enterprises and long-distance passenger transport enterprises set up a passenger flow information sharing center, which includes a historical database and a real-time database; the historical database contains the arrival time of daily long-distance vehicles at long-distance passenger stations and long-distance passenger flow historical data , the bus history data of the passengers' boarding and alighting stations, time, and number of passengers on the bus; when the driver of the long-distance passenger bus is about to arrive at the city long-distance station, upload the estimated time of arrival and the number of people who get off the bus to the passenger flow information sharing center in advance. real-time database; 2)从长途客运汽车站始发或经过长途汽车客运站驶向市区的公交线路，根据下式I计算其在某个时间段内的车辆需求数量：2) For the bus lines starting from the long-distance bus station or heading to the urban area through the long-distance bus station, calculate the number of vehicles demanded in a certain period of time according to the following formula I: 其中：Pi为第i个时段的配车数量；Among them: P i is the number of vehicles allocated in the ith period; Hi1为长运历史数据中的公交线路起始点最大客流量，Hi2为公交历史数据中该线路除起始点外的沿途最大断面客流量；H i1 is the maximum passenger flow at the starting point of the bus line in the historical data of the long-distance transportation, and H i2 is the maximum passenger flow along the route except the starting point in the historical bus data; D为正常的车容量，指线路所配车型正常的载客数量；D is the normal vehicle capacity, which refers to the normal number of passengers carried by the models equipped on the line; φi为i时段的期望客流满载率系数；φ i is the expected passenger flow full load factor coefficient in period i; 3)根据下式II确定发车间隔：3) Determine the departure interval according to the following formula II: 其中：Tjg为相邻两部车的发车间隔时间，单位为分钟；Among them: T jg is the departure time of two adjacent cars, the unit is minutes; λi为长途到站客流系数；λ i is the long-distance arrival passenger flow coefficient; 4)根据下式III确定线路单向配置车辆数：4) Determine the number of vehicles in one-way configuration of the line according to the following formula III: 其中：Qi为i时段公交线路单向配车数量；Among them: Q i is the number of one-way allocation of bus lines in period i; L为公交线路的长度，单位为km；L is the length of the bus line, the unit is km; Vi为公交历史数据中该线路在i时间段内的平均运行速度，单位为km/h；V i is the average running speed of the line in the time period i in the historical bus data, the unit is km/h; 通过以上计算步骤，即可确定特定时间段内的总配车数量、单向配车数量及发车间隔，从而完成调度。Through the above calculation steps, the total number of vehicles allocated, the number of vehicles allocated in one direction, and the departure interval in a specific time period can be determined to complete the scheduling. 2.按照权利要求1所述的一种城市公交与长途客运协同的调度方法，其特征在于：还可以在步骤3)所述的调度方法基础之上进行实时的微调，具体方法是：核查客流信息共享中心的实时数据库，如有载客人数超过单一公交车容量70％的长途车推迟到达，则采用下式IV对发车间隔做调整：2. according to the scheduling method of a kind of urban public transport and long-distance passenger transport coordination according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: can also carry out real-time fine-tuning on the basis of the described scheduling method in step 3), the concrete method is: check passenger flow In the real-time database of the information sharing center, if a long-distance bus with more than 70% of the capacity of a single bus arrives late, the following formula IV will be used to adjust the departure interval: 其中：Tnew为调整后的发车间隔时间；Where: T new is the adjusted departure interval; Hd为预计延迟到达的长途客流人数；H d is the number of long-distance passengers expected to arrive late; C为所调整线路对长途到站客流的分担系数，为乘坐该条公交线路的乘客数量与长途客运站出站人数的比值，取自历史数据库；C is the sharing coefficient of the adjusted line to the long-distance arrival passenger flow, and is the ratio of the number of passengers taking the bus line to the number of people leaving the long-distance passenger station, which is taken from the historical database; A为折中系数，该系数取值在0.5～0.8之间，由调度人员根据现场情况确定。A is a compromise coefficient, the value of which is between 0.5 and 0.8, which is determined by the dispatcher according to the site conditions. 3.按照权利要求1所述的一种城市公交与长途客运协同的调度方法，其特征在于：还可以在步骤1)所述调度方法的基础上开设区间车，具体方法是：3. according to the scheduling method of the coordination of a kind of urban public transport and long-distance passenger transport according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also can set up shuttle bus on the basis of described scheduling method in step 1), concrete method is: 实时数据库向乘客开放，乘客通过访问客流信息共享中心的服务器，登记自己换乘公交车所欲到达的市内目的地；从历史数据库中选取若干集中换乘目的地，开设直达区间车，根据下式V配置区间车数量：The real-time database is open to passengers. Passengers can access the server of the passenger flow information sharing center to register the destination in the city they want to transfer to by bus; select a number of centralized transfer destinations from the historical database, and set up a direct shuttle bus, according to the following: The number of shuttles in the V configuration: 其中：Mi为i时段的区间车的配车数量；Among them: M i is the number of vehicles allocated in the period i; KLi1为历史数据库中统计的i时间段的区间最大客流量，KLi2为长途客运实时数据库中i时间段预约相应换乘目的地的乘客数量。KL i1 is the maximum passenger flow in the interval i time period counted in the historical database, and KL i2 is the number of passengers who book the corresponding transfer destination in the i time period in the long-distance passenger real-time database.
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