CN106501157B - Scene determines the inner tube drawdown double-tube method of outer tube aquiclude hydrogeological parameter - Google Patents
Scene determines the inner tube drawdown double-tube method of outer tube aquiclude hydrogeological parameter Download PDFInfo
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- CN106501157B CN106501157B CN201611149601.4A CN201611149601A CN106501157B CN 106501157 B CN106501157 B CN 106501157B CN 201611149601 A CN201611149601 A CN 201611149601A CN 106501157 B CN106501157 B CN 106501157B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
- G01N33/246—Earth materials for water content
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of inner tube drawdown double-tube method of determining outer tube aquiclude hydrogeological parameter in scene, first, being formed at the scene has the inner tube drawdown double column run model for determining outer tube aquiclude hydrogeological parameter, based on double column run model, deriving reduces a certain constant (water level is not less than aquiclude top surface) in inner tube head and outer tube aquiclude cylinder side keeps the flow formula analytic solutions of underground water invariant position condition lower outer pipe aquiclude unit level area；Then, the experimental data that Ma Liaote bottles of the outer tube top flow based on measurement changes over time, the method that the aquiclude coefficient of conductivity, infiltration coefficient and water storage rate are determined using herbal combination are provided.The present invention is easy to operate, the more and precision that gets parms is high, and the key technical problem of weak permeable hydrogeological parameter can not be determined in situ by solving current scene, overcome the error tested after field sampling in laboratory；There is good application value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the inner tube drawdown double-tube methods that a kind of scene determines outer tube aquiclude hydrogeological parameter, especially
A kind of method that scene determines the hydrogeological parameters such as the aquiclude coefficient of conductivity, infiltration coefficient, water storage rate.
Background technique
With the rapid development of society, since leaky system causes the resource and environment problem of surface subsidence increasingly tight
Weight.Only Yangtze River in China delta, area of the surface subsidence due to caused by groundwater mining greater than 200mm have accounted for region area
1/10th, wherein cumulative maximum settling amount reaches 2.80m, and the economic loss having resulted in is up to 50,000,000,000 dollars；In addition, underground water
Pollution is also extended from top water-bearing layer to deep.It is all these all with aquifer System important component part aquiclude water
Literary geological characteristics are closely related.The hydrogeological parameter (such as coefficient of conductivity, infiltration coefficient, water storage rate) of aquiclude is not only to pre-
Survey, evaluation and control surface subsidence are significant, and to groundwater resources development, evaluation and calculating and aquifer System
The research of Contaminants Transport rule and thermal energy conduction rule has great significance.
Although determining that method has more research for water-bearing layer hydrogeological parameter, most of (or notes that draw water for scene
Water) test method, however, the hydrogeological parameter of the aquiclude of adjacent aquifers determine technique study but seldom, this
It on the one hand is to think that aquiclude is water barrier or relative water resisting layer all the time due to us, as its contribution rate of water resources quantity
Very little, therefore seldom specially attach the importance and obtain necessary research is often ignored aquiclude or as a kind of boundary
Processing；On the other hand also lack a kind of effective principle and method can with these parameters are directly determined on site, such as it is common really
The live bailing test for determining water-bearing layer hydrogeological parameter is not particularly suited for the faint aquiclude of permeability.In addition, even if having
To the experimental study for determining aquiclude hydrogeological parameter, it is also limited to desk research, there is no at present weak to determination permeable
The test theory of the live on-spot study of layer hydrogeological parameter and the practice of method, therefore, proposition of the invention can be filled up
Scene determines the blank of the technical method of aquiclude hydrogeological parameter, has very strong application value.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention is based on the two-tube technologies in scene, derive in inner tube one
Side head reduces a certain constant (water level is not less than aquiclude top surface) and outer tube aquiclude cylinder keeps underground water invariant position
The flow formula analytic solutions of condition lower outer pipe aquiclude unit level area propose that a kind of scene determines outer tube aquiclude water
The inner tube drawdown double-tube method of literary geologic parameter.This method is not only theoretical tight, but also live in-situ test may be implemented, and has
The advantages that experimental rig and test process are simple, easy to operate, and the parameter of acquisition is complete, precision is high.Therefore have to promote well and answer
With value.
Technical solution: a kind of scene determines the inner tube drawdown double-tube method of outer tube aquiclude hydrogeological parameter, firstly,
It is formed in situ with the inner tube drawdown double column run model for determining outer tube aquiclude hydrogeological parameter, is based on double column run mould
Type, deriving reduces a certain constant (water level is not less than aquiclude top surface) in inner tube head and outer tube aquiclude cylinder side is protected
Hold the flow formula analytic solutions of level of ground water permanence condition lower outer pipe aquiclude unit level area；Then, it provides based on survey
The experimental data that Ma Liaote bottles of the outer tube top flow of amount changes over time, determines aquiclude conduction system using herbal combination
The method of number, infiltration coefficient and water storage rate.
The implementation method of double column run model are as follows: firstly, drilling at the scene extremely needs the top surface of aquiclude to be tested, together
When by casing down toward the top surface of aquiclude and by casing more than aquiclude top surface soil sample take out drilling, then using bore
Casing is depressed into the bottom surface of aquiclude by machine pressure from the top surface of aquiclude, and being then put into diameter in cannula center is about casing
The pvc pipe of diameter half equally will be placed to the top surface of aquiclude under pvc pipe, then use drilling machine pressure drop pvc pipe pressure again
Enter to the examination section bottom for needing aquiclude to be tested, and the aquiclude soil sample in pvc pipe is sucked out by way of inhaling mud
Pvc pipe, then aquiclude top surface is laid with gravel as filtering layer in circular ring shape casing, and corresponding to weak permeable in pvc pipe
The examination section bottom position of layer is laid with gravel as filtering layer.Determining outer tube aquiclude hydrogeology ginseng is thus formd at the scene
Several two-tube outer tube models.
At this time, it is ensured that water level is consistent with the outer level of ground water that drills in annulus casing and PVC inner tube.It arranges and takes out in pvc pipe
Suction pump bottom of the tube is placed the following a distance of level of ground water (more than examination section top surface) by water pump pipe.In annulus casing middle and upper part
Port position is arranged Ma Liaote bottles, and Ma Liaote bottles of water inlet pipe lower end is placed at level of ground water elevation, makes in annulus casing
Water level (level of ground water) is determined in water level holding.After test is ready to complete, suction pump is instantaneously opened, water level in pvc pipe is made to generate one
Fixed water-head wants guaranteed water level more than examination section top surface after generating water-head, that is, water level cannot be below examination section top surface, and
It keeps the head difference of inner and outer pipes to immobilize, and records flow in Ma Liaote bottles of outer tube top and change over time；Then, it is based on
Double column run model, deriving reduces a certain constant (water level is not less than aquiclude top surface) in inner tube side head and outer tube is weak
Water layer cylinder keeps the flow formula analytic solutions of underground water invariant position condition lower outer pipe aquiclude unit level area, according to reality
The experimental data that flow changes over time in the Ma Liaote bottle of survey determines the aquiclude coefficient of conductivity, infiltration using herbal combination
Coefficient and water storage rate.
Experimental provision and experimentation of the present invention are simple, easy to operate, and analytic solutions are theoretical tight, are determined and are joined using herbal combination
Number, method are simply easily grasped, and can solve current scene can not determine that the key technology of weak permeable hydrogeological parameter is asked in situ
Topic, overcomes the error tested after field sampling in laboratory；Meanwhile primary experiment can acquire aquiclude biography simultaneously
Coefficient, infiltration coefficient and water storage rate are led, the parameter of acquisition is more；Flow measurement is easy to accomplish and error is small due to Ma Liaote bottles,
Thus the parameters precision acquired is high.Most importantly, the method achieve scenes to determine aquiclude hydrogeological parameter, because
This, this method has good application value.
The PVC inner tube is laid with one layer of gravel packer, and the pump line that draws water is arranged in interior pipe-in-pipe, suction pump bottom of the tube is put
Set the following a distance of level of ground water (more than examination section top surface).Outer tube upper port position is arranged Ma Liaote bottles, Ma Li
The water inlet pipe lower end of spy's bottle difficult to understand is placed at level of ground water elevation, and water level holding in outer tube is made to determine water level (level of ground water)；It is testing
After being ready to complete, suction pump is instantaneously opened, so that water level in annulus casing is generated certain water-head, and keep the head of inner and outer pipes
Difference immobilizes, and records Ma Liaote bottles of outer tube top flow and change over time.
The experimental data changed over time based on Ma Liaote bottles of outer tube top flow, is determined weak using herbal combination
The method of the water layer coefficient of conductivity, infiltration coefficient and water storage rate, i.e., by Ma Liaote bottles of the outer tube top of record flow Q divided by outer tube
Aquiclude annulus cross-sectional area S, turns to unit area flow q (cm/min), sits with the double-log of standard curve identical molds
Make q~t measured curve in mark system, withStandard curve wiring keeps two curve overlappings best, and an optional match point is write down
Corresponding coordinate value[q]、[t] substitutes into respective formula and calculates coefficient of conductivity a, coefficient of permeability K, water storage rate μ.
The utility model has the advantages that compared with prior art, the method for determining aquiclude hydrogeological parameter provided by the present invention
It has the advantage that
1. the analytic solutions pushed away, theoretical tight, because the method has stringent theoretical foundation；
2. realizing the in-situ test of aquiclude hydrogeological parameter, and experimental rig and test process are simple, easily grasp
Make；
3. determining that parameter, method are simply easily grasped using herbal combination；
4. primary experiment can acquire the aquiclude coefficient of conductivity, infiltration coefficient and water storage rate simultaneously, the parameter of acquisition is more；
5. the parameters precision thus acquired is high since flow measurement is easy to accomplish and error is small.Therefore, this method has very well
Application value.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the double column run model of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 isSection flowStandard curve；
Fig. 4 isSection flowStandard curve.
Specific embodiment
Combined with specific embodiments below, the present invention is furture elucidated, it should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention
Rather than limit the scope of the invention, after the present invention has been read, those skilled in the art are to various equivalences of the invention
The modification of form falls within the application range as defined in the appended claims.
Scene determines the inner tube drawdown double-tube method of outer tube aquiclude hydrogeological parameter, firstly, formed has at the scene
It determines the inner tube drawdown double column run model of outer tube aquiclude hydrogeological parameter, double column run model is based on, including derivation
Pipe head reduces a certain constant (water level is not less than aquiclude top surface) and outer tube aquiclude cylinder side keeps level of ground water
The flow formula analytic solutions of permanence condition lower outer pipe aquiclude unit level area；Then, it provides on the outer tube based on measurement
The experimental data that portion Ma Liaote bottles of flow changes over time determines the aquiclude coefficient of conductivity, infiltration coefficient using herbal combination
With the method for water storage rate.
As shown in Fig. 2, PVC inner tube is laid with one layer of gravel packer, the pump line that draws water is arranged in interior pipe-in-pipe, by the pump line that draws water
Place the following a distance of level of ground water (more than examination section top surface) in bottom.Outer tube upper port position is arranged Ma Liaote bottles, horse
The water inlet pipe lower end of Leo spy's bottle is placed at level of ground water elevation, and water level holding in outer tube is made to determine water level (level of ground water)；It is trying
It tests after being ready to complete, instantaneously opens suction pump, water level in annulus casing is made to generate water-head, and keep the head difference of inner and outer pipes solid
It is fixed constant, and record Ma Liaote bottles of outer tube top flow and change over time.
The principle that aquiclude parameter determines:
(1) analytic solutions of aquiclude pattern of water flow
Assuming that outer tube aquiclude cylinder is saturated pressure-bearing and pressure head is equal everywhere, drop head by inner tube suction pump
Certain low certain value(but the top surface that cannot be below outer tube aquiclude), and outer tube aquiclude level of ground water is constant, surveys simultaneously
Determine Ma Liaote bottles of outer tube top flow to change with time.At this moment aquiclude is vertical flow, is taken such as Fig. 2 coordinate system, in this way
Aquiclude pattern of water flow is
In formula, 0 < u < l, u therein refers to u (z, t) that u (z, t) is that the water level of outer tube aquiclude z point t moment becomes
Change value, z point represent the point on Z axis；For the drawdown of inner tube side；L is aquiclude thickness；A=K/ μ is aquiclude conduction
Coefficient；K is aquiclude infiltration coefficient；μ is aquiclude water storage rate.
For outer tube aquiclude pattern of water flow I, through variables separation and Fourier transform, obtaining solution is
N represents natural number；
(2) analytic solutions of aquiclude flow
T moment passes through the flow of position z unit level area
Nondimensionalization:
Wherein,For dimensionless flow, andWithFor dimensionless position and time；
For parameter related with aquiclude property and thickness, referred to as lagging index.
It is enabled in formula (3)WithAquiclude top and bottom unit level area flow is obtained (to take positive value, do not examine
Consider direction of the traffic) variation such as Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
From aquiclude top surfaceUnit level area flow variation diagram 3 finds out, originally moment maximum flow and with
The time increase rapidly decaying, whenThat is t >=τ0Afterwards, flow tends to definite valueBottom surfaceUnit level area stream
Then opposite (such as Fig. 4), originally moment flow is 0 for amount variation, and as time increase increases rapidly, whenLater speedup becomes
It is slow；WhenThat is t >=τ0Afterwards, flow also tends to definite value
Aquiclude parameter determination method:
ForMoment passes through positionThe flow of unit level area
Logarithm is taken simultaneously to above-mentioned two formula both sides, is had
(6), the Section 2 on the right of (7) two formulas is all constant, therefore in log-log coordinate system, tests the q (0, t) of acquisition
~t andSectionBorder directrix curve (such as Fig. 3) is identical, only coordinate translation in length and breadth in shapeWith
Using herbal combination, two curves are overlapped, an optional match point writes down corresponding coordinate value[q]、[t], in substitution
(4), (5) two formulas are stated, are obtained:
Infiltration coefficient:
Diffusion coefficient:
Water storage rate:
As t=τ0Or aquiclude flow tends towards stability when t → ∞.At this moment top, the inflow of bottom surface unit time and discharge
It is equal, it is denoted as qy, have formula (2) that can equally obtain infiltration coefficient:
In addition, have formula (3) forMoment passes through positionThe flow of unit level area
Logarithm is taken simultaneously to above-mentioned two formula both sides, is had:
When experiment measures the section z=l q~t data, equally withSectionStandard curve is as shown in figure 4, using matching
Collimation method determines above-mentioned parameter.
As shown in Figure 1, test procedure:
(1) firstly, drilling at the scene to the top surface for needing aquiclude to be tested, while by casing down toward aquiclude
Soil sample in casing more than aquiclude top surface is simultaneously taken out drilling by top surface, then using drilling machine pressure by casing from aquiclude
Top surface be depressed into the bottom surface of aquiclude, being then put into diameter in cannula center is about casing diameter half (diameter 75mm)
Pvc pipe will be equally placed under pvc pipe to the top surface of aquiclude, be then pressed into again with drilling machine pressure drop pvc pipe to needing to survey
The examination section bottom of the aquiclude of examination, and pvc pipe is sucked out in the aquiclude soil sample in pvc pipe by way of inhaling mud, then
Aquiclude top surface is laid with gravel as filtering layer in circular ring shape casing, and corresponds to the examination section bottom of aquiclude in pvc pipe
Portion position is laid with gravel as filtering layer.The two-tube outer of determining outer tube aquiclude hydrogeological parameter is thus formd at the scene
Tube model.
(2) ensure that water level is consistent with the outer level of ground water that drills in annulus casing and PVC inner tube.It arranges and draws water in pvc pipe
Suction pump bottom of the tube is placed the following a distance of level of ground water (more than examination section top surface) by pump line.At annulus casing middle and upper part end
Mouth position is arranged Ma Liaote bottles, and Ma Liaote bottles of water inlet pipe lower end is placed at level of ground water elevation, makes water in annulus casing
Position keeps determining water level (level of ground water).
(3) after test is ready to complete, suction pump is instantaneously opened, so that water level in pvc pipe is generated water-head, generates water-head
After want guaranteed water level more than examination section top surface, that is, water level cannot be below examination section top surface, and keep the head difference of inner and outer pipes solid
It is fixed constant, and record Ma Liaote bottles of outer tube top flow and change over time；
(4) record: the time of Ma Liaote bottles of Flow Observations, preferably the 1st after opening suction pump, 2,3,4,6,8,10,15,
20,25,30,40,50,60,80,100,120min clock is respectively observed once, is recorded in table, can be observed later every 30min clock
Once.
(5) lasting observation, until be basically unchanged every Ma Liaote bottles of flows of 30min, it can termination test.
(6) parameter calculates: by the Ma Liaote bottle flow Q of record divided by outer tube annulus cross-sectional area S, turning to unit area
Flow q (cm/min) makees q (l, t)~t measured curve in the log-log coordinate system with standard curve identical molds, withMark
Directrix curve wiring keeps two curve overlappings best, and an optional match point writes down corresponding coordinate value[q]、[t],
Substitution formula (8), (9) and (10) calculation permeability coefficient K, coefficient of conductivity a and water storage rate μ.
Claims (4)
1. the inner tube drawdown double-tube method that a kind of scene determines outer tube aquiclude hydrogeological parameter, it is characterised in that: firstly,
It is formed in situ with the inner tube drawdown double column run model for determining outer tube aquiclude hydrogeological parameter, is based on double column run mould
Type, deriving reduces a certain constant in inner tube head, and water level is not less than aquiclude top surface, and outer tube aquiclude cylinder side is protected
Hold the flow formula analytic solutions of level of ground water permanence condition lower outer pipe aquiclude unit level area；Then, it provides based on survey
The experimental data that Ma Liaote bottles of the outer tube top flow of amount changes over time, determines aquiclude conduction system using herbal combination
The method of number, infiltration coefficient and water storage rate；
The implementation method of double column run model are as follows: firstly, being drilled at the scene to the top surface for needing aquiclude to be tested, simultaneously will
Diameter be 127mm casing down toward aquiclude top surface and by casing more than aquiclude top surface soil sample take out drilling,
Then casing is depressed into from the top surface of aquiclude to using drilling machine pressure the bottom surface of aquiclude, be then put into directly in cannula center
Diameter is the pvc pipe of 75mm, equally, will be placed under pvc pipe to the top surface of aquiclude, and then use drilling machine pressure by pvc pipe pressure again
Enter to the examination section bottom for needing aquiclude to be tested, and the aquiclude soil sample in pvc pipe is sucked out by way of inhaling mud
Pvc pipe, then aquiclude top surface is laid with gravel as filtering layer in circular ring shape casing, and corresponding to weak permeable in pvc pipe
The examination section bottom position of layer is laid with gravel as filtering layer；Determining outer tube aquiclude hydrogeology ginseng is thus formd at the scene
Several two-tube outer tube models.
2. scene as described in claim 1 determines the inner tube drawdown double-tube method of outer tube aquiclude hydrogeological parameter, special
Sign is: ensuring that water level is consistent with the outer level of ground water that drills in annulus casing and PVC inner tube；The pump line that draws water is arranged in pvc pipe,
Suction pump bottom of the tube is placed into the following a distance of level of ground water, tries section top surface or more；In annulus casing middle and upper part port position
Ma Liaote bottles of setting, Ma Liaote bottles of water inlet pipe lower end are placed at level of ground water elevation, and water level in annulus casing is kept
Determine water level, determining water level is level of ground water；After test is ready to complete, suction pump is opened, water level in pvc pipe is made to generate water level
Difference, and keep the head difference of inner and outer pipes to immobilize, and record flow in Ma Liaote bottles of outer tube top and change over time；So
Afterwards, it is based on double column run model, deriving reduces a certain constant in inner tube side head, and water level is not less than aquiclude top surface, and
Outer tube aquiclude cylinder keeps the flow formula parsing of underground water invariant position condition lower outer pipe aquiclude unit level area
Solution determines that aquiclude conducts using herbal combination according to the experimental data that flow changes over time in the Ma Liaote of actual measurement bottle
Coefficient, infiltration coefficient and water storage rate.
3. scene as described in claim 1 determines the inner tube drawdown double-tube method of outer tube aquiclude hydrogeological parameter, special
Sign is: the PVC inner tube is laid with one layer of gravel packer, and the pump line that draws water is arranged in interior pipe-in-pipe, suction pump bottom of the tube is put
It sets level of ground water or less, try section top surface or more；Outer tube upper port position be arranged Ma Liaote bottles, Ma Liaote bottles into
Water pipe lower end is placed at level of ground water elevation, so that water level holding in outer tube is determined water level, determining water level is level of ground water；It is quasi- in test
After the completion of standby, suction pump is opened, so that water level in annulus casing is generated water-head, and the head difference of inner and outer pipes is kept to immobilize,
And it records Ma Liaote bottles of outer tube top flow and changes over time.
4. scene as described in claim 1 determines the inner tube drawdown double-tube method of outer tube aquiclude hydrogeological parameter, special
Sign is: the experimental data changed over time based on Ma Liaote bottles of outer tube top flow is determined weak using herbal combination
The water layer coefficient of conductivity, infiltration coefficient and water storage rate, i.e., it is Ma Liaote bottles of the outer tube top of record flow Q is weak permeable divided by outer tube
Layer annulus cross-sectional area S, turns to unit area flow q, makees q~t reality in the log-log coordinate system with standard curve identical molds
Curve is surveyed, withStandard curve wiring, makes two curve overlappings, and an optional match point writes down corresponding coordinate value
[q]、[t] substitutes into respective formula and calculates coefficient of conductivity a, coefficient of permeability K, water storage rate μ.
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| CN101130954A (en) * | 2007-07-25 | 2008-02-27 | 天津大学 | Vacuum decompression method for adjustable pressure water in series |
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| CN105674955A (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2016-06-15 | 天津大学 | Field test method and device for controlling ground subsidence by artificial aeration |
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