CN106498122B - Method for smelting nickel stainless steel series by EBT electric arc furnace - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for smelting nickel stainless steel series by an EBT electric arc furnace, which realizes smelting two different steel types in one furnace. The technical scheme is as follows: 1. the refractoriness of the drainage sand is improved, and the water content of the drainage sand is reduced; 2. adjusting physical and chemical indexes of the drainage sand, and perfecting a drainage sand filling process; 3. adjusting physical and chemical indexes of refractory materials at the damaged part of the furnace body, optimizing a masonry process, reducing the inner diameter of a steel tapping hole and reducing the size of non-oxidized compounds; 4. the advantages of the No. 1 oxygen lance in the cold area are exerted to promote the melting of furnace charge and strengthen the stirring force; the internal diameter of the steel tapping hole is reduced, and the size of the non-oxidized compound is reduced; 5. optimizing oxygen supply system, power supply curve and slagging system. The invention has the following advantages: 1. the slag remaining operation is realized, a heat source is provided for secondary furnace production, slag is formed quickly, and chemical components are stable; 2. the service life of the refractory material of the furnace body is prolonged to 320-360 furnaces; 3. the production efficiency of the electric arc furnace is greatly improved, and the production connection is smoother; 4. the single-furnace smelting speed is accelerated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of smelting processes, particularly discloses a method for smelting a nickel stainless steel series by an EBT electric arc furnace, and relates to a new process path for smelting 300 series stainless steel.
Background
In the last decade of the development of special steel smelting technology, smelting equipment and production process have changed greatly, and electric arc furnace steelmaking mainly adopts two types of equipment for special steel production: one is EAF electric arc furnace (slot tapping); another type is the EBT electric arc furnace (eccentric bottom tapping). In the aspect of the process route for smelting stainless steel by an electric arc furnace at home and abroad, a single EAF trough tapping mode production mode is always adopted, and the EAF electric arc furnace only has the capability of producing chromium stainless steel and nickel stainless steel in stainless steel series; the nickel stainless steel production process mainly comprises two processes: the first one is that EAF electric arc furnace is adopted to melt all alloy and cold charge thoroughly, after slag removal and reduction, the steel is tapped after the components are adjusted to be qualified; the second is smelting process with EAF arc furnace to melt cold material and alloy and AOD furnace to decarbonize and maintain chromium and supplement nickel-containing alloy. The EBT electric arc furnace is mainly applied to producing oxidation method series varieties, has been popularized and popularized in the domestic electric arc furnace steelmaking field due to the advantages of long service life of refractory materials, low smelting power consumption, high production efficiency and the like, but the adoption of the EBT electric arc furnace to produce 300 series nickel stainless steel does not belong to the blank. Because the series varieties of the oxidation method and the stainless steel series adopt two different process paths, the steel-making system is forced to frequently replace the EAF and the EBT electric arc furnace body when producing the series varieties of the oxidation method and the non-oxidation method, thereby causing long hot stop time, low production efficiency and high use cost of furnace body refractory, and seriously restricting the smooth production of the steel-making system. If the EBT electric arc furnace is to be used for producing 300 series nickel stainless steel, the following five problems need to be solved: firstly, steel leakage accidents are easy to happen at a steel tapping hole in the smelting process; secondly, the problem that the tapping hole cannot be opened due to the sintering of the drainage sand at the tapping hole is solved; thirdly, after 300 series of full melting, the Si content is high, the local erosion of furnace body refractory is serious, and the service life of the furnace body refractory is short; fourthly, furnace burden in the EBT cold area is difficult to dissolve, and steel and slag accumulation at a steel tapping hole can not be tapped normally; fifthly, the temperature of the molten steel in the furnace is not uniform, the stirring force is not enough, the nickel alloy components are not uniform, and the recovery rate is low. The problems frequently occur in the 300 series smelting process, and even cause malignant furnace shutdown accidents.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a method for smelting nickel stainless steel series by an EBT electric arc furnace, which can realize unified and standardized production of varieties which need two different steelmaking process paths before by adopting one steelmaking process path of the EBT electric arc furnace through process innovation.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
1. the steel leakage at the steel tapping hole is mainly caused by two reasons: firstly, analysis shows that the drainage sand is caused by emulsification after high temperature, and starts with improvement of the refractoriness of the drainage sand; secondly, when oxygen supply and desiliconization are carried out in the later stage of smelting 300 series, the drainage sand at the steel outlet floats and leaks steel when molten steel in the furnace is violently reacted, and the measure is to solve the problem that the water content of the drainage sand exceeds the standard;
2. the reason that the steel tapping hole can not be opened is analyzed that the filler is led with the sand to be emulsified too early after high temperature and condensed with the molten steel containing nickel, and high melting point Ni is generated by sintering3S2The steel tapping hole cannot be opened due to the fact that the non-oxidized compound substances (with the melting point of 1890 ℃) cause the steel tapping hole, the content of magnesium oxide needs to be adjusted by starting from physical and chemical indexes of the drainage sand, and the molten steel can be prevented from entering the steel tapping hole and being mixed and sintered with the drainage sand by improving the drainage sand filling process and utilizing hot slag to carry out early-stage thermal covering on the drainage sand;
3. the silicon content in 300 series molten steel is 0.60-1.20%, the corrosion of refractory materials of a slag hole of an electric arc furnace and a No. 2 hot area is serious, a large block of non-oxidized compounds with high melting point appear at the top of the steel-tapping hole, the steel-tapping is carried out for a long time, oxygen is burnt out and the non-oxidized compounds cannot be melted, the masonry process is optimized by adjusting the physicochemical index of the refractory materials at the damaged part of the furnace body, the inner diameter of the steel-tapping hole is reduced, the size of the non-oxidized compounds is reduced, the steel-tapping hole is dre;
4. the furnace burden in the EBT cold zone is difficult to dissolve, steel and slag at a steel tapping hole can not be normally tapped due to accumulation, the furnace burden is promoted to be melted by exerting the advantages of a No. 1 oxygen lance in the cold zone, and the stirring force of the molten pool is enhanced;
5. the molten steel temperature and components in the furnace are not uniform, and the uniformity and yield of the 300 series nickel alloy components are improved by optimizing an oxygen supply system, a power supply curve and a slagging system.
The technical scheme comprises the following specific process steps:
1. adjusting the content of magnesium oxide in the induced flow sand according to the physical and chemical index result of the induced flow sand at the steel tapping hole; drying the drainage sand; drying and then sealing and storing;
2. filling the steel tapping hole with the drainage sand by using a tubular funnel, ensuring the filling height of the drainage sand, and preventing the molten nickel stainless steel from entering the steel tapping hole to be condensed; the inner diameter of the steel-tapping hole brick is reduced to 130mm, the size of high-melting-point substances generated in the steel-tapping hole is reduced as much as possible, and the nickel slag on the inner wall of the steel-tapping hole is burnt and oxidized after steel tapping, so that the furnace body is ensured to be horizontal, and the rear slag covers filler of the steel-tapping hole;
3. optimizing a furnace body refractory building process, and adjusting physical and chemical indexes of the No. 2 electrode hot-zone magnesia carbon bricks; changing the brick size and the masonry process of the 2# electrode hot-zone magnesia carbon brick; the building height of the magnesia carbon bricks at the slag outlet is improved;
4. adjusting the angle between the water-cooling oxygen lance in the EBT eccentric area and the steel liquid level; the melting speed of the cold area is accelerated, and the temperature is ensured to be uniform;
5. optimize power supply curve, oxygen supply model and slagging process, solve temperature unevenness and improve alloy yield.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the 300 series of EBT electric arc furnace smelting realizes the slag remaining operation, provides a heat source for secondary furnace production, and has the advantages of rapid slagging and stable chemical composition;
2. the service life of the furnace body refractory material for producing the stainless steel series by adopting the EAF electric arc furnace is about 150 furnaces; the service life of the furnace body refractory material for producing stainless steel series by the EBT electric arc furnace is prolonged to 320-360 furnaces (see figure 4), and the use cost of the refractory material of the electric arc furnace is greatly reduced;
3. the trouble that the furnace body is forced to be frequently replaced is eliminated since the EBT electric arc furnace is used for producing the nickel stainless steel series; the bottleneck that the prior stainless steel series and oxidation method series cannot be produced in a unified way is opened; the production efficiency of the electric arc furnace is greatly improved, so that the production connection of a steel-making system is smoother;
4. after the nickel stainless steel series varieties are produced by adopting the EBT electric arc furnace process path, the single-furnace smelting efficiency is accelerated; the recovery rate of chromium and nickel is improved (see figure 5).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a 50tEBT electric arc furnace with a funnel of the draft tube type;
FIG. 2 shows a modified tap hole brick of a 50tEBT electric arc furnace;
FIG. 3 is an electric arc furnace power supply process curve;
FIG. 4 shows the service life of the refractory of the furnace body of the 50tEBT electric arc furnace;
FIG. 5 shows the recovery of Cr and Ni in a 50tEBT arc furnace.
Description of the drawings: the steel tapping hole comprises a sand adding hopper 1, a blanking pipe 2, a steel tapping hole sleeve brick 3, a steel tapping hole inner channel 4 and a single-section sleeve brick 5.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
Example 1
1. Adjusting physical and chemical indexes of the drainage sand, increasing the content of magnesium oxide, adjusting the content from 30% to 35% and improving refractoriness, and putting an end to the rapid desiliconization in the 300 series smelting process, wherein the temperature of the molten steel in the furnace instantly reaches about 1670 ℃, and the drainage sand at the top of a steel outlet is subjected to a high-temperature emulsification phenomenon; baking and drying the drainage sand at about 200 ℃ for 2h before use, carrying out damp-proof packaging on the drainage sand, fixing 20 kg/bag, and storing in a sealed manner. The measure solves the problem of steel leakage caused by violent boiling after the drainage sand is in contact with high-temperature slag and steel in the furnace after being damped. The physicochemical indexes of the adjusted drainage sand are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1
2. Solving the problem of sintering the filler at the steel tapping hole. Firstly, according to the actual tapping process, semisteel and semisteel mixed in the induced flow sand are repeatedly found to have hole-shaped substances, and the compounds generated after the filling material at the tapping hole is not high enough in density and seeps steel are analyzed. The granularity of the induced flow sand is adjusted from 2 mm-8 mm to 1 mm-5 mm, thus avoiding the generation of high-melting-point mixture of slag, sand and steel in the tap hole due to steel infiltration; secondly, the probability of generating high-melting-point substances in the tap hole is reduced, and meanwhile, the condition that the diversion sand cannot contact with molten steel is ensured. Adopt tubular funnel (see fig. 1, including adding sand hopper 1, unloading pipe 2) to fill drainage sand, ensure that drainage sand adds that the position is accurate, the packing is closely knit, and the fill height standard is 10cm 10mm above the tap hole horizontal plane to the sediment addition of regulation is added according to tap hole use number of times: when the inner diameter of the earlier-stage brick of the steel tapping hole is 130 mm-140 mm, the adding amount of the filling material is 2 bags; when the inner diameter of the brick at the middle stage of the steel tapping hole is 140 mm-150 mm, the adding amount of the filling material is 3 bags; when the inner diameter of the brick at the later stage of the steel tapping hole is 150-160 mm, the adding amount of the filler is 4 bags, the advantage of EBT slag retention operation is fully exerted, and the hot slag in the furnace is utilized to carry out hot covering on the drainage sand; thirdly, the size of high-melting-point substances in the steel tapping hole is reduced, and the original inner diameter of the sleeve brick of the steel tapping hole is changed into 130mm (see figure 2, the sleeve brick 3 of the steel tapping hole, the inner diameter of the steel tapping hole is changed into 4 mm, and the sleeve brick 5 of a single section is changed into the sleeve brick of the steel tapping hole;
3. according to the electrode center circle of the 50t electric arc furnace, the 2# electrode and the 2# hot zone are measured to be in a high-temperature interval, and the electric arc erosion furnace lining refractory material is serious. The refractoriness of the No. 2 hot-zone slag line bricks is improved, the service life of furnace body refractory materials is prolonged, and the physicochemical indexes of the adjusted slag line bricks are shown in a table 4; because the distance between the 2# electrode and the 2# hot zone is 1200mm, the arc radius of the 2# electrode reaches 400mm when power is supplied, arc light erodes 2# hot zone refractory materials, the slag line brick in the area is quickly shortened, and the length specification of the original 2# hot zone slag line brick is changed from 450mm to 500mm on the premise of not influencing the effective volume of a molten pool. The original building process of the No. 2 hot zone slag line bricks is specified to change the building of 5 layers into 6 layers, and the contact area of slag and slag line bricks is enlarged. Adjusting the hot area slag line bricks; the masonry process is optimized, the masonry height of the magnesia carbon bricks at the slag hole is improved by 120mm, and the water cooling pieces in the EBT area, which are burnt out of the molten pool due to forced backward tilting of the furnace body because the position of the slag hole is too low, are reduced; and adjusting the original 3 layers of molten pool bricks at the No. 2 hot zone molten pool part into slag line bricks. The physicochemical indexes of the adjusted slag line bricks are shown in a table 2;
TABLE 2
4. And adjusting the assembling angle of the EBT 1# furnace wall oxygen lance from the original angle of 40 degrees to the angle of 45 degrees. The stirring depth of the oxygen stream is increased from the original 300mm to 400mm, the rapid melting of the materials in the cold area is promoted, the stirring force of the low-temperature area is enhanced, and the temperature and the components of the cold area are more uniform; the problem of material accumulation and blockage above the steel tapping hole in the furnace is solved;
5. optimized power supply curve, oxygen supply model and slagging process
5.1 optimization of the 50tEBT arc furnace power supply curve: the original 50tEBT electric arc furnace adopts 10-level voltage and 8-level current for initial cold charge power supply, so that the electric arc is exposed, and the corrosion of furnace cover water cooling equipment and furnace lining refractory materials is serious; the temperature is increased by adopting 10-gear voltage and 12-gear current to forcibly supply power, so that the upper temperature and the lower temperature of a molten pool are uneven; after adjustment, a new power supply curve and a return method smelting power supply curve are implemented and are shown in figure 3, and 8-level voltage and 6-level current are adopted for power supply smelting during charging and power supply each time; after electrifying for 2-3 min, after the electrode is submerged arc to the furnace charge, the current gear is properly increased to 8-10 gears according to the material type, and the specific power supply system is as follows
And (3) well penetrating period: operating for 2-3 min at 8-level voltage and 6-level current;
melting period: the voltage of 8-10 gears and the current of 6 gears are changed, and the current of 5 gears is changed after furnace burden collapses;
a temperature rise period: 8-gear voltage and 6-gear current are discharged;
5.2 optimizing oxygen supply system: adjusting the oxygen supply system of the furnace wall oxygen lance and the consumable furnace door oxygen lance, changing the oxygen opening time of the furnace wall oxygen lance from the final preheating stage to the middle melting stage, and simultaneously adjusting the oxygen supply flow to 1800m/h, promoting the uniform temperature control and reducing the probability of large boiling in the furnace in the smelting process;
5.3 determining different slagging processes: aiming at different smelting modes of oxidation method series and 300 nickel stainless steel series, two different slagging systems are adopted to stabilize the process flow;
5.3.1 an oxidation slagging system: lime and a small amount of dolomite are added in the earlier stage of smelting; oxygen is supplied for fluxing in the whole process, and carbon powder is sprayed to make foam slag; the alkalinity of the furnace slag is generally controlled within the range of 2.2-3.0; the slag discharging operation in the middle and later periods is carried out to meet the aim of molten steel dephosphorization in the process;
5.3.2 non-oxidation slagging system: a small amount of lime is added in the early stage of smelting; in the process, a small amount of oxygen is supplied for fluxing, and the slag is sticky (the content of chromium sesquioxide in the slag at the earlier stage of smelting is 2-7%); the alkalinity of the furnace slag is generally controlled within the range of 2.0-2.5; when the carbon content of the smelting method is controlled to be about 2.0 percent, the smelting process only has trace dephosphorization capability; when the oxygen supply is rapidly reduced to about 0.60 percent before tapping, the molten steel is stirred and a furnace door carbon gun is used for spraying carbon powder to make foam slag, and the molten steel alloy chemical components are reduced and then the steel is rapidly tapped.
Claims (1)
1. A method for smelting nickel stainless steel series by an EBT electric arc furnace is characterized in that the method
Starting with drainage sand physical and chemical indexes, adjusting the content of magnesium oxide, and adjusting the drainage sand physical and chemical indexes shown in a table 1;
TABLE 1
The granularity of the induced flow sand is perfectly adjusted from 2 mm-8 mm to 1 mm-5 mm, so that the high-melting-point mixture of slag, sand and steel is avoided; performing early-stage thermal covering on the drainage sand by using the hot slag; baking and drying at about 200 ℃ for 2h, carrying out damp-proof packaging, fixing 20 kg/bag, and storing in a sealed manner;
the adoption tubular funnel fills drainage sand to the tap hole, ensures that drainage sand adds that the position is accurate, the packing is closely knit, and the packing altitude standard is 10cm 10mm more than the tap hole horizontal plane to the husky volume of adding of regulation drainage is added according to tap hole use number of times: when the inner diameter of the earlier-stage brick of the steel tapping hole is 130 mm-140 mm, the adding amount of the filling material is 2 bags; when the inner diameter of the brick at the middle stage of the steel tapping hole is 140 mm-150 mm, the adding amount of the filling material is 3 bags; when the inner diameter of the brick at the later stage of the steel tapping hole is 150-160 mm, the adding amount of the filler is 4 bags, the advantage of EBT slag retention operation is fully exerted, and the hot slag in the furnace is utilized to carry out hot covering on the drainage sand; reducing the size of high-melting-point substances in the steel tapping hole, and changing the inner diameter of the sleeve brick of the original steel tapping hole into 130 mm;
thirdly, adjusting physical and chemical indexes of slag line bricks at the damaged part of the 2# electrode hot zone of the furnace body to be shown in the table 2, changing the brick shape size and the masonry process of the slag line bricks, changing the brick shape length specification of 450mm of the original 2# hot zone slag line bricks to be 500mm, and changing the original masonry process of the 2# hot zone slag line bricks into 6 layers after 5 layers of masonry, so as to enlarge the contact area between the slag and the slag line bricks; the building height of the magnesia carbon bricks at the slag outlet is improved by 120 mm;
TABLE 2
Fourthly, adjusting the assembly angle of the No. 1 oven oxygen lance of the EBT, and changing the original included angle of 40 degrees into the included angle of 45 degrees, so that the stirring depth of the oxygen stream is increased from the original 300mm to 400 mm;
fifthly, the power supply system, the oxygen supply curve and the slagging system are optimized,
the optimized 50tEBT electric arc furnace power supply system comprises the following steps:
and (3) well penetrating period: 8-level voltage and 6-level current, and running for 2-3 min;
melting period: the voltage of 8-10 gears and the current of 6 gears are changed, and the current of 5 gears is changed after furnace burden collapses;
a temperature rise period: 8-gear voltage and 6-gear current are discharged;
the optimized oxygen supply system comprises the following steps: changing the oxygen blowing time of the oxygen lance on the furnace wall from the final preheating stage to the middle melting stage, and simultaneously adjusting the oxygen supply flow to 1800 m/h;
the optimized slagging process comprises the following steps: aiming at different smelting modes of oxidation method series and 300 nickel stainless steel series, two different slagging systems are adopted to stabilize the process flow;
firstly, an oxidation method slagging system: lime and a small amount of dolomite are added in the earlier stage of smelting; oxygen is supplied for fluxing in the whole process, and carbon powder is sprayed to make foam slag; controlling the alkalinity of the furnace slag to be 2.2-3.0; the slag discharging operation in the middle and later periods is carried out to meet the aim of molten steel dephosphorization in the process;
a non-oxidation slagging system: a small amount of lime is added in the early stage of smelting; in the process, a small amount of oxygen is supplied for fluxing, and the content of chromium oxide in the slag at the earlier stage of smelting is 2-7 percent due to the sticky slag; controlling the alkalinity of the furnace slag within the range of 2.0-2.5; when the carbon content is controlled to be 2.0%, the smelting method only has trace dephosphorization capability in the smelting process; when the oxygen supply is rapidly reduced to 0.60 percent before tapping, the molten steel is stirred and the furnace door carbon gun sprays carbon powder to make foam slag, and the molten steel alloy chemical components are reduced and then the steel is rapidly tapped.
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Effective date of registration: 20210510 Address after: 116105 No.18, Hebin South Road, Dengshahe Lingang Industrial Zone, Jinzhou District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province Patentee after: Northeast Special Steel Group Co.,Ltd. Address before: 116105 No.18, Hebin South Road, Dengshahe Lingang Industrial Zone, Jinzhou District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province Patentee before: DONGBEI SPECIAL STEEL GROUP DALIAN HIGH ALLOY BAR WIRE Co.,Ltd. |