Background technology
Utilize the method for rock phosphate in powder refining phosphorus to mainly contain wet method and Re Fa (as electric furnace process, kiln method etc.) two classes, wet method is with rock phosphate in powder and inorganic acid (mainly being sulfuric acid) reaction, makes raw phosphoric acid behind separation of phosphogypsum and impurity; Hot method is earlier rock phosphate in powder to be added thermal reduction to obtain gaseous elemental phosphorus, obtains phosphoric acid through oxidation, hydration again.
Wet method has the characteristics of low energy consumption, but exists the phosphoric acid purity that obtains not enough, needs the defective of further purifying; And adopt hot method, as electric furnace process, there are ore fusion difficulty, problem that power consumption is big, and, can't handle for lean ore to the requirement height of rock phosphate in powder grade; For the kiln method, then there is the shortcoming of slow, the easy ring formation of reaction speed, cause utilization rate of equipment and installations low, be difficult to accomplish scale production.In addition, in the traditional hot method, the gaseous state phosphorus pentoxide after the oxidation is mixed in the flue gas, and therefore the complicated component of flue gas isolates the phosphorus pentoxide difficulty from flue gas, and purity reduces, the cost height.
Chinese patent application CN1160018A discloses a kind of thermal phosphoric acid and phosphating processes, this technology prepares the phosphoric acid technology with spraying metallurgy technology, melting and reducing technology and coal gas, element phosphor oxidizing fire and is combined as a whole, it is coal-oxygen-ore deposit composite blowing, under melting condition, finish the reduction of element phosphor and in same reactor, finish the oxidizing fire of element phosphor, and then produce phosphoric acid or phosphate.But there is following problem in above-mentioned technology:
Owing to carry out fusion, reduction and the oxidation of rock phosphate in powder simultaneously in same reactor, the flue gas that produces when flue gas that produces when causing fusion and reduction-oxidation is mixed in together, makes that the composition in the flue gas is many, extracts relatively difficulty of phosphorus pentoxide, and purity is low.
Because rock phosphate in powder sprays in the reduction oxidation furnace by the top blast rifle, therefore granularity requirements height, the cost for rock phosphate in powder increases.
Because the top blast rifle immerses below the melt slag liquid level, so the top blast rifle is serious because of the heat erosion consumable, and must increase top blast pressure.In addition, in a single day the top blast rifle that enters slag liquid level below is unsuitable for using water cooling, otherwise leaks, and water is blended in the slag, blasts easily, causes security incident.
Owing to be provided with the bottom blowing rifle that in melt, sprays coal dust and oxygen in the bottom of reduction oxidation furnace, therefore when changing the bottom blowing rifle, just can change rifle after melt being racked up after must blowing out and operate.
Owing to be provided with the flux inlet at the top of reduction oxidation furnace, in use need constantly to open and seal complicated operation, sealing difficulty.
The utility model content
The utility model is intended to overcome at least one of above-mentioned technical problem of the prior art.For this reason, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of equipment for refining phosphorus by hot method, utilizes this equipment for refining phosphorus by hot method, and the impurity component that contains in the flue gas of gaseous state phosphorus pentoxide is few, and the extraction of phosphorus pentoxide is easy, has reduced cost, has improved purity.
Comprise according to equipment for refining phosphorus by hot method of the present utility model: be used for phosphorus ore fusion is become the melting furnace of melt, described melting furnace has charge door and melt outlet; And reduction oxidation furnace, described reduction oxidation furnace comprises body of heater and spray gun, and described body of heater has melt inlet, slag notch and exhanst gas outlet, and wherein said melt inlet links to each other with described melt outlet, and an end of described spray gun is inserted in the described body of heater.
According to equipment for refining phosphorus by hot method of the present utility model, in the melting furnace of independent split and reduction oxidation furnace, carry out the fusion and the reduction-oxidation of rock phosphate in powder respectively, therefore the flue gas of the flue gas of phosphorus ore fusion generation and reduction-oxidation generation can not mix, therefore the impurity component of flue gas that contains the gaseous state phosphorus pentoxide after the oxidation is few, the extraction of phosphorus pentoxide is easy, reduce cost, improved purity.The flue gas that has produced when having solved the flue gas that produces when carrying out fusion, reduction and oxidation reaction, fusion in same stove and reduction-oxidation is mixed in together, causes the problem that extraction difficulty, purity are low, cost is high of phosphorus pentoxide.
In addition, because rock phosphate in powder at first passes through the melting furnace fusion, join in the reduction oxidation furnace by melt inlet then, therefore do not need to use the lance ejection rock phosphate in powder, therefore low to the granularity requirements of rock phosphate in powder, cost reduces.
Also have following additional technical feature according to equipment for refining phosphorus by hot method of the present utility model:
Described spray gun comprises top-blown spray gun and side-blown spray gun, the lower end of described top-blown spray gun is inserted in the described body of heater from the top of described body of heater and is positioned at the slag liquid level top of described body of heater all the time, and an end of described side-blown spray gun is inserted in the described body of heater from the side of body of heater and is positioned at the melt inlet below.
Because top-blown spray gun inserts in the described body of heater from the top of described body of heater and is positioned at the slag liquid level top of described body of heater all the time, be that the lower end of top-blown spray gun is not immersed in the slag liquid level in the described body of heater (be called again thus " non-immersed top-blown spray gun); so top-blown spray gun can be because of the heat erosion consumable; can prolong top spray gun service life simultaneously, reduce cost.And top-blown spray gun can also use water cooling, the immersed top-blown spray gun can not take place with the incidental blast of water cooling, and not only cooling effectiveness height, and security improves.
Described slag notch comprises slag notch and is positioned at following slag notch below the slag notch, wherein plays the position of slag notch to be lower than described side-blown spray gun and is inserted into the interior end of described body of heater.
Owing to be provided with slag notch down below the end in side-blown spray gun is inserted into described body of heater, therefore when needs are changed side-blown spray gun, can the slag liquid level in the described body of heater be dropped to by following slag notch discharging slag and be lower than the end that side-blown spray gun is inserted in the described body of heater and just can change side-blown spray gun, need not blowing out, therefore improve efficient, reduced cost.
Described body of heater top is provided with and limits the limiting component that the top-blown spray gun lower end is inserted into the degree of depth in the described body of heater.
Can limit the degree of depth that top-blown spray gun inserts downwards by described limiting component, thereby avoid top-blown spray gun to be inserted in the interior slag liquid level of described body of heater.
Described melt inlet is positioned under the slag liquid level of described body of heater.Thus, melt inlet can be all the time by the sealing of the melt (and/or slag) in the described body of heater, and not only sealing is reliable, and cost is low.
The lateral wall of described body of heater is provided with protuberance, and the upper surface of described protuberance is provided with groove, and one side of described groove is communicated with described melt outlet, and another side is communicated with described melt inlet.Thus, can conveniently the rock phosphate in powder melt in the melting furnace fusion be discharged in the described body of heater.
Described melt inlet is communicated with groove by the passage that tilts.Can reduce the height of melt inlet thus and be not subjected to the influence of described groove location, thereby seal melt inlet better, avoid the slag liquid level to be lower than melt inlet.
Described groove top is provided with the insulation burner.By this insulation burner, can keep being discharged into the temperature of the melt in the groove from molten smelting furnace, reduced the supply and the consumption of the reduction-oxidation capacity of furnace.
The melt outlet of described melting furnace links to each other with the melt inlet of described body of heater by chute.Melting furnace is simple with being connected of reduction oxidation furnace thus.
Described body of heater is provided with the ferrophosphorus outlet that is positioned at below the slag notch.By the outlet of described ferrophosphorus, can will be positioned at the ferrophosphorus discharging below the slag of being positioned at of described bottom of furnace body, the ferrophosphorus of discharging can be recycled.
Aspect that the utility model is additional and advantage part in the following description provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize by practice of the present utility model.
The specific embodiment
Describe embodiment of the present utility model below in detail, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein identical from start to finish or similar label is represented identical or similar elements or the element with identical or similar functions.Below by the embodiment that is described with reference to the drawings is exemplary, only is used to explain the utility model, and can not be interpreted as restriction of the present utility model.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram according to the equipment for refining phosphorus by hot method of the utility model embodiment; Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional schematic of the melting furnace of melting and reducing equipment for refining phosphorus by hot method shown in Figure 1; Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional schematic of the reduction oxidation furnace of melting and reducing equipment for refining phosphorus by hot method shown in Figure 1.
As Figure 1-3, the equipment for refining phosphorus by hot method according to the utility model embodiment comprises melting furnace 100 and reduction oxidation furnace 200.Melting furnace 100 is used for phosphorus ore fusion is become melt.Then, melt joins in the melting furnace 100 and carries out redox reaction in the reduction oxidation furnace 200, extracts the gaseous state phosphorus pentoxide the flue gases that produce thus in reduction oxidation furnace 200.Equipment for refining phosphorus by hot method according to the utility model embodiment, the fusion of rock phosphate in powder and reduction-oxidation are carried out in the melting furnace 100 of independent split and reduction oxidation furnace 200 respectively, the flue gas that produces in the melting furnace 100 can not mix with the flue gas that reduction oxidation furnace 200 produces thus, therefore the impurity component of flue gas is few in the reduction oxidation furnace 200, the extraction of gaseous state phosphorus pentoxide is easy, the purity height, thus cost reduced.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, melting furnace 100 has charge door 11 and melt outlet 14, charge door 11 is used for adding rock phosphate in powder in melting furnace 100, in order to reduce the melt temperature of rock phosphate in powder, can also add silica in melting furnace 100, for example rock phosphate in powder and silica together add in the melting furnace 100 by charge door 11.Melt outlet 14 is used for the melt in the melting furnace 100 is discharged.
According to an example of the present utility model, as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, melting furnace 100 is provided with oxynatural nozzle 12, two oxynatural nozzles 12 have been shown among Fig. 1, but the utility model is not limited to this.Oxynatural nozzle 12 is used for spraying into oxygen and natural gas to melting furnace 100, so that the fusion rock phosphate in powder.In addition, as shown in Figure 2, can whirlwind heater 15 be set at charge door 11 places of melting furnace 100, so that rock phosphate in powder and the silica that joins melting furnace 100 carried out preheating.
The flue gas that produces in the melting furnace 100 can be discharged by charge door 11, certainly, also can independent flue gas discharge opening be set on melting furnace 100 and be used to discharge flue gas.
As shown in figs. 1 and 3, in an example of the present utility model, reduction oxidation furnace 200 comprises: body of heater 50 and spray gun, body of heater 50 portion within it limits a cavity (furnace chamber) and has melt inlet 27, slag notch and exhanst gas outlet 22, wherein melt inlet 27 links to each other with the melt outlet 14 of melting furnace 100, and an end of spray gun is inserted in the body of heater 50.The melt that melt inlet 27 is used for discharging from melting furnace 100 joins in the body of heater 50.
Need to prove, melt inlet 27 links to each other with melt outlet 14, here term " links to each other " and should make broad understanding, for example melt inlet 27 can link to each other by the chute 40 that describes below with the melt outlet 14 of melting furnace 100, also can link to each other by pipeline, perhaps melt inlet 27 melt that is positioned at melting furnace 100 exports 14 belows, and the melts of discharging from the melt outlet 14 of melting furnace 100 can flow directly to melt inlet 27.
Slag notch is used to discharge the slag in the body of heater 50.What restore elemental phosphorously forms phosphorus pentoxide through peroxidating, discharges by exhanst gas outlet 22 with other flue gases in the body of heater 50, can isolate phosphorus pentoxide from flue gas then, is used for relieving haperacidity.
As shown in figs. 1 and 3, according to the further example of the utility model, the spray gun of reduction oxidation furnace 200 comprises top-blown spray gun 21 and side-blown spray gun 26.The lower end of top-blown spray gun 21 is inserted in the body of heater 50 from the top of body of heater 50 and is positioned at slag liquid level 28 tops of body of heater 50 all the time.Top-blown spray gun 21 is used for spraying into air to body of heater 50, is used for the phosphorus that oxidation restores in the melt, thereby generates phosphorus pentoxide.As shown in Figure 3, the top of top-blown spray gun 21 is provided with air supply pipe 21a.In addition, top-blown spray gun 21 can also spray into natural gas simultaneously in body of heater 50, and combustion of natural gas is used for insulation.As shown in Figure 3, the top of top-blown spray gun 21 is provided with natural gas supply pipe 21b.Because the lower end of top-blown spray gun 21 does not extend in the slag (and/or melt), in other words, top-blown spray gun 21 be a non-immersed top-blown spray gun, so top-blown spray gun 21 can consumable, long service life, and spout is difficult for obstruction, has reduced cost and energy consumption.In addition, the top blast rifle is suitable for using water cooling, even leak, also is not easy to blast, and has improved security.
In order to prevent in the top-blown spray gun 21 unexpected slags that immerse in the body of heater 50, above body of heater 50, also be provided with limiting component 33, limiting component 33 can limit top-blown spray gun 21 and stretch into depth capacity in the body of heater 50, thereby avoids in the melt that top-blown spray gun 21 immerses in the bodies of heater 50.Limiting component 33 can be any suitable version, for example can be mounted in limiting plate and the limited block that is fixed on body of heater 50 tops on the top-blown spray gun 21.
One end of side-blown spray gun 26 is in the side of body of heater 50 is inserted into body of heater 50 and be positioned at below the melt inlet 27.Side-blown spray gun 26 sprays into oxygen and fine coal or heavy oil in body of heater 50, fine coal or heavy oil combustion provide institute's calorific requirement for reduction reaction, and fine coal or heavy oil provide reduction reaction needed reducing agent carbon simultaneously.
The slag notch of body of heater 50 is divided into slag notch 23 and is positioned at following slag notch 24 below the slag notch, wherein play the position of slag notch 24 to be lower than described side-blown spray gun 26 and be inserted into a end in the body of heater 50, thus, slag liquid level in the body of heater 50 can be reduced to and be lower than side-blown spray gun 26, therefore can change side-blown spray gun 26 easily, therefore need not slag and/or melt in the body of heater 50 are emptied completely, need not blowing out, improved efficient.
As shown in Figure 3, melt inlet 27 is arranged on the sidewall of body of heater 50 and is positioned under the slag liquid level 28 of body of heater 50, thus, slag in the body of heater 50 and/or melt can fluid-tight melt inlets 27, need not the extra melt inlet 27 of sealing separately, and prevented that the flue gas in the body of heater 50 from leaking through melt inlet 27.
As shown in Figure 1, according to an example of the present utility model, the lateral wall of body of heater 50 is provided with protuberance 29, and the upper surface of protuberance 29 is provided with groove 30, and groove 30 links to each other with melt inlet 27 with melt outlet 14 respectively.
For example, groove 30 is communicated with melt outlet 14 by chute 40, is discharged in the groove 30 by chute 40 from melting furnace 100 interior melts of discharging by melt outlet 14, flows in the body of heater 50 by melt inlet 27 then.For the temperature of the melt in the retaining groove 30, above groove 30, be provided with insulation burner 31, insulation burner 31 for example can spray oxygen and natural gas, and combustion of natural gas is to keep the temperature of the melt in the groove 30.
As shown in Figure 3, melt inlet 27 links to each other with groove 30 by the passage 32 that tilts.Protuberance 29 can be integrally formed with the furnace wall of body of heater 50, for example made by refractory brick.It will be appreciated that though passage 32 and melt inlet 27 are described as two parts here, passage 32 also can be regarded as the part of melt inlet 27, promptly whole passage 32 is as the melt inlet 27 that is formed in body of heater 50 furnace walls.Certainly, if regard respectively melt inlet 27 and passage 32 as independently parts, melt inlet 27 can be regarded the lower ending opening of passage 32 as so.
By the passage that passage 32 is set to tilt, make the height of fluid inlet 27 to reduce, and melt can rely on deadweight to flow in the body of heater 50.
In order to discharge a small amount of ferrophosphorus in the body of heater 50, body of heater 50 also is provided with the ferrophosphorus outlet 25 that is positioned at below the slag notch, and a small amount of ferrophosphorus that are used to discharge below being deposited in the body of heater 50 are used for reclaiming.
Below the simple operating process of describing according to the equipment for refining phosphorus by hot method refining phosphorus of the utility model embodiment.
At first, the charge door 11 of rock phosphate in powder from melting furnace 100 tops joined in the melting furnace 100, simultaneously, in order to reduce the fusing point of rock phosphate in powder, also add silica flux to melting furnace 100, rock phosphate in powder can add with silica, also can add respectively.In addition, 15 pairs of rocks phosphate in powder of whirlwind heater and the silica that utilizes charge door 11 places to be provided with carries out preheating.Whirlwind heater 15 can use any existing whirlwind heater, is not described in detail its structure here.
Then, spray into oxygen and natural gas by oxynatural gas burner 12 in melting furnace 100, combustion of natural gas is to provide the fusion rock phosphate in powder required heat.
Rock phosphate in powder begins fusion when heating-up temperature reaches 1450 ℃, when heating-up temperature reaches more than 1550-1600 ℃, and the speeding up of fusion, the flue gas that produces in the melting process mainly comprises HF, SiF
4, H
2O, CO
2, CO (on a small quantity), P
2(on a small quantity), dust, flue gas is discharged by charge door 11.Can certainly discharge flue gas by the special-purpose outlet flue that is arranged on melting furnace 100 tops in addition.
The rock phosphate in powder melt of fusion in melting furnace 100 is discharged in the groove 30 via chute 40 by melt outlet 14, the melts insulation in 31 pairs of grooves of insulation nozzle 30, the melt in the groove 30 by the passage 32 that tilts in melt inlet 27 flow into body of heater 50.
Spray into oxygen and coal dust (or heavy oil) by side-blown spray gun 26 in body of heater 50, coal dust firing provides reduction reaction required heat, and a part of coal dust is as the reducing agent of reduction phosphorus in rock phosphate in powder simultaneously, and the reduction reaction formula in the body of heater 50 is as follows:
Simultaneously, top by top-blown spray gun 21 slag liquid level 28 in body of heater 50 sprays into natural gas and air, combustion of natural gas is used to keep the temperature of slag liquid level 28 tops in the body of heater 50, and airborne oxygen is produced phosphorus pentoxide with the gaseous state phosphorus reaction of overflowing in melt and slag.Simultaneously, a small amount of CO gas that produces in the reduction reaction of overflowing in melt and the slag further is oxidized to CO
2
Flue gas in the body of heater 50 mainly comprises P
2O
5, CO
2, CO, NO
2, discharge through the exhanst gas outlet 22 at body of heater 50 tops.From described flue gas, isolate phosphorus pentoxide, can be used to make phosphoric acid.
From foregoing description as can be known, the flue gas that produces in the melting furnace 100 does not mix mutually with the interior flue gas that produces of reduction oxidation furnace 200 (body of heater 50 in other words), and the composition that therefore contains the flue gas of phosphorus pentoxide reduces, and is easy thereby the extraction of phosphorus pentoxide becomes, the purity height, cost is low.
The slag that body of heater 50 generates is discharged by last slag notch 23.When needs are changed side-blown spray gun 26, be lower than side-blown spray gun 26 by playing slag notch 24 that the slag liquid levels 28 in the body of heater 50 are reduced to, thereby easily change side-blown spray gun 26.
When the ferrophosphorus of body of heater 50 bottoms reaches a certain amount of, can export 25 by ferrophosphorus and discharge, be used for recycling.
Although illustrated and described embodiment of the present utility model, for the ordinary skill in the art, be appreciated that under the situation that does not break away from principle of the present utility model and spirit and can carry out multiple variation, modification, replacement and modification to these embodiment, scope of the present utility model is limited by claims and equivalent thereof.