CN106489410B - Bionic viscosity-reducing resistance-reducing digging shovel of potato harvester suitable for heavy loam - Google Patents
Bionic viscosity-reducing resistance-reducing digging shovel of potato harvester suitable for heavy loam Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bionic anti-sticking and anti-drag potato harvester digger blade suitable for sticky heavy loam, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery and is of an integrated base body structure. The convex surface I and the concave surface I are symmetrically and uniformly distributed on the upper soil-contacting shovel surface about the central axis; the convex surface II and the concave surface II are symmetrically and uniformly distributed on the lower earth-contacting shovel surface about the central axis; protruding face I is circular arc transitional coupling with sunken face I, and protruding face II is circular arc transitional coupling with sunken face II. The shovel handle is provided with 2 fixed screw holes. The potato digger is novel in structure and strong in applicability, can obviously reduce the clay capacity of the potato digger, improves the properties of burying and resistance reduction and desorption, and obviously improves the viscosity reduction and resistance reduction properties compared with the traditional potato digger.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a bionic viscosity-reducing resistance-reducing digging shovel of a potato harvester.
Background
The potato digger blade has the function of digging out potato pieces and conveying the potato pieces to the separating device. The digging performance is an important index for evaluating the performance of the potato harvester and is closely related to factors such as the structure of the harvester, operation parameters, key component materials and the like. The northeast area is one of the potato planting main farms in China, the potato harvester is an important guarantee for increasing the yield and income of potato growers, however, the northeast area is mostly heavy loam, the phenomenon of soil adhesion of a potato digging shovel is very prominent in the harvesting process, and the benefit of potato harvesting in the area is seriously influenced. Compared with foreign potato harvesting machines, domestic potato harvesting machines cannot completely meet the requirements of production development, and have three main problems: one is poor reliability. The soil environment of the potato harvesting machine is complex, the efficiency of a single type digging mechanism is low, and the basic use requirements cannot be met. Secondly, the adaptability is poor. The digging part of the potato harvesting machine can not effectively solve the problems of large digging resistance, serious soil adhesion, sand and stone abrasion shovel surface and the like under different soil conditions and different plant conditions. And thirdly, the power reserve is insufficient. The power requirements of potato block excavation and separation are difficult to meet in the field operation with increased excavation depth and large soil specific resistance.
The existing potato harvester has the problems of single digging shovel form, simple structure, serious clay phenomenon during digging potato blocks, large soil resistance, poor soil breaking and crushing capability, poor adaptability, low reliability and the like under the condition of complex ground conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the bionic anti-sticking and resistance-reducing digging shovel for the potato harvester, which can effectively dig up soil and potato blocks, has good soil-entering performance, good anti-sticking and viscosity-reducing performance, good soil-breaking effect and small digging resistance, and can improve the operation efficiency of digging the potato blocks and reduce the digging energy consumption of the potato harvester.
The shovel consists of a fixed screw hole 1, an upper soil-contacting shovel surface 2, a convex surface I3, a concave surface I4, a shovel handle 5, a lower soil-contacting shovel surface 7, a convex surface II 8 and a concave surface II 9, wherein the convex surface I3 and the concave surface I4 are arranged on the upper soil-contacting shovel surface 2; the lower earth-contacting shovel surface 7 is provided with a convex surface II 8 and a concave surface II 9; the a-b curves of the convex surface I3 and the convex surface II 8 are contour lines C, wherein the included angle alpha between the connecting line (straight line) at the two ends of the contour line C and the central axis 6 is 24 degrees.
The i-j curve of the cross section in the upper earth-contacting shovel surface 2 is a contour line G; the side surface of the upper soil-contacting shovel surface 2 is a d-k straight line; the D-c curve of the side surface of the front end of the upper earth-contacting shovel surface 2 is an edge contour line D; the front end of the upper earth-contacting shovel surface 2 is a c-g straight line, wherein the point d of the d-c curve coincides with the point d of the d-k straight line, and the point c of the d-c curve coincides with the point c of the c-g straight line.
The shovel handle 5 and the upper soil-contacting shovel surface 2 are intersected on a straight line e-k, wherein the length h-g of the shovel surface is 240-270mm, and the length d-k of the side surface of the upper soil-contacting shovel surface 2 is 140-160mm; the thickness delta of the shovel surface substrate is 6-9mm.
The d-k straight line, the d-c curve, the c-g straight line, the convex surface I3, the concave surface I4, the convex surface II 8 and the concave surface II 9 are symmetrically distributed around the central axis 6.
The rear bottom of the soil entering end of the lower soil contacting shovel surface 7 is provided with a shovel blade 10; the soil-entering end of the lower soil-contacting shovel surface 7 is provided with a wedge-shaped shovel blade 11.
The mathematical expression of the edge contour line D is as follows: y = -0.053x 2 +3.7768x, wherein: x is: 40-85 mm.
The mathematical expression of the contour line G is: y =0.00283x 2 -1.2887x, wherein: x is: 135-320 mm.
The upper soil-contacting shovel surface 2 is an arc-shaped convex surface, the lower soil-contacting shovel surface 7 is an arc-shaped concave surface, arc end points i and j are arranged in bilateral symmetry with respect to a central point O, and the distance between the arc end points i-j is L 0 The distance between the central point of the circular arc and the i-j straight line is H 0 And L is 0 :H 0 ＝11.47:1。
Protruding face I3 and sunken face I4, protruding face II 8 and sunken face II 9 are the circular arc and are connected, and wherein protruding face I3 is equipped with fillet r ∈ 0.2 ~ 0.3mm with protruding II 8 top lines of face, and I width B of protruding face 1 Width B of concave surface II 2 The ratio is as follows: b is 1 ：B 2 =5:1; height h of convex surface I3 and convex surface II 8 1 Comprises the following steps: h is 1 Belongs to 0.3-0.5 mm; the concave surface I4 and the concave surface II 9 are of circular arc structures, wherein the radius r of the circular arc 1 Comprises the following steps: r is 1 The maximum depth of the sunken surface I4 and the sunken surface II 9 is 0.20-0.35 mmh 2 Comprises the following steps: h is a total of 2 ∈0.1～0.3mm。
The mathematical expression of the contour line C is: y = -0.01106x 2 +1.9801x, wherein: x is: -20 to 100mm.
Contour line C is according to I width B of convex surface 1 + width of concave surface II B 2 Are distributed in parallel on the upper soil-contacting blade face 2 and the lower soil-contacting blade face 7.
The clearance angle phi between the shovel edge 10 and the horizontal plane is as follows: phi belongs to 3 degrees to 6 degrees; the wedge angle θ of the wedge-shaped shovel edge 11 is: theta belongs to 20-40 degrees; the absolute length W of the wedge-shaped cutting edge 11 is: w belongs to 30-50 mm.
The digging shovel is designed based on the bionic design of the membranous leaf sheaths at the periphery of the cogongrass rhizome, the microscopic geometric structure of the membranous leaf sheaths at the periphery of the cogongrass rhizome is determined through electron microscope test observation, then the bionic digging shovel is designed according to the same proportion, and a fitting equation of an outer contour line is obtained by a partial curve through a least square method and a two-dimensional rectangular coordinate system. The bionic structure can simulate the viscosity-reducing and resistance-reducing mechanism of the cogongrass rhizome membranous leaf sheath, is favorable for digging and shoveling the soil, and reduces the soil-entering resistance and the clay phenomenon.
The contour line G of the arc-shaped structure of the cross section of the substrate is obtained based on the bionic reverse calculation of the arc-shaped structure of the very section of the cogongrass rhizome membranous leaf sheath, the membranous leaf sheath is used as an important part for protecting the cogongrass rhizome, the membranous leaf sheath is directly contacted with the soil instead of sticking the soil throughout the year, and the soil resistance is overcome to ensure the smooth growth of the cogongrass rhizome. The tip of the membranous leaf sheath grows along with the cogongrass rhizome, and has the effect of breaking the ground and saving labor. The convex arch surface of the matrix is directly contacted with soil, and the whole body has the soil breaking capacity. And secondly, the surfaces of the convex arch surfaces are provided with regular strip-shaped convex surfaces and regular strip-shaped concave surfaces which are arranged along the growth direction of the root, the convex surfaces and the concave surfaces are arranged in parallel and alternately, wherein the convex surfaces are similar to a trapezoidal structure, and the concave surfaces are of an arc structure. The bionic geometric structure can change the motion state of soil on the contact surface of the soil, and achieves the effects of entering soil, reducing resistance and preventing adhesion. The upper soil-contacting shovel surface is based on the convex arch surface bionic design of the membranous leaf sheath, is integrally favorable for breaking soil and breaking soil, has the effect of guiding soil block shunting, is favorable for conveying and separating soil particles, reduces the adhesion and the friction of soil and the shovel surface, and accordingly has the resistance reduction effect. The microstructure of the soil-contacting shovel surface has a hydrophobic effect and plays a role in preventing adhesion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view I of a digging shovel of a bionic viscosity-reducing and resistance-reducing potato harvester suitable for heavy loam
FIG. 2 is a second front view of a digging shovel of a bionic viscosity-reducing resistance-reducing potato harvester suitable for heavy loam
FIG. 3 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of S in FIG. 3
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of E in FIG. 4
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1
Wherein: 1. the fixed screw hole 2, the upper soil-contacting shovel surface 3, the convex surface I4, the concave surface I5, the shovel handle 6, the central axis 7, the lower soil-contacting shovel surface 8, the convex surface II 9, the concave surface II 10, the shovel blade 11 and the wedge-shaped shovel blade
Detailed Description
As shown in figures 1-6, the invention is an integrated base structure, which mainly comprises a fixed screw hole 1, an upper soil-contacting shovel surface 2, a convex surface I3, a concave surface I4, a shovel handle 5, a lower soil-contacting shovel surface 7, a convex surface II 8 and a concave surface II 9, wherein the upper soil-contacting shovel surface 2 is provided with the convex surface I3 and the concave surface I4; the lower earth-contacting shovel surface 7 is provided with a convex surface II 8 and a concave surface II 9; the convex arch-shaped surface is an upper earth-contacting surface 2 of the digging shovel, and the concave surface is a lower earth-contacting surface 7 of the digging shovel.
The a-b curves of the convex surface I3 and the convex surface II 8 are contour lines C, wherein the included angle alpha =24 degrees between the connecting line (straight line) at the two ends of the contour line C and the central axis 6;
the i-j curve of the cross section in the upper earth-contacting shovel surface 2 is a contour line G; the side surface of the upper soil-contacting shovel surface 2 is a d-k straight line; a D-c curve of the side face of the front soil-entering end in the upper soil-contacting shovel surface 2 is an edge contour line D; the front end of the upper soil-contacting shovel surface 2 is a c-g straight line, wherein the d point of a d-c curve is superposed with the d point of a d-k straight line, the c point of the d-c curve is superposed with the c point of a c-g straight line,
the shovel handle 5 and the upper soil-contacting shovel surface 2 are intersected on a straight line e-k, wherein the length h-g of the shovel surface is 240-270mm, and the length d-k of the side surface of the upper soil-contacting shovel surface 2 is 140-160mm; the thickness delta of the shovel surface substrate is 6-9mm;
the d-k straight line, the d-c curve, the c-g straight line, the convex surface I3, the concave surface I4, the convex surface II 8 and the concave surface II 9 are symmetrically distributed around the central axis 6;
the rear bottom of the soil entering end of the lower soil contacting shovel surface 7 is provided with a shovel blade 10; the soil-entering end of the lower soil-contacting shovel surface 7 is provided with a wedge-shaped shovel blade 11.
The entire structure of the excavating shovel base body can be machined by a wire cutting machine. The convex surface I3, the concave surface I4, the convex surface II 8 and the concave surface II 9 can be processed by a numerical control machine or a laser engraving machine. The shovel handle 5 is positioned at the top end of the shovel surface and fixedly connected with the top end of the shovel surface. The fixing screw hole 1 can be processed by a drilling machine.
As shown in fig. 1, the triangular region of the digging end of the digging shovel is obtained based on the bionic reverse calculation of the triangular region at the top end of the cogongrass rhizome membranous leaf sheath, the digging end of the digging shovel is provided with an edge contour line D which is bilaterally symmetrical with respect to the central axis 6, the edge contour line D is a c-D curve, wherein the c-D curve is superposed with a straight line c-g at a point c, and the mathematical expression of the contour line D is as follows:
y＝-0.053x 2 +3.7768x wherein x is: 40-85 mm.
As shown in fig. 3, the matrix structure of the digging shovel is obtained based on the bionic reverse calculation of the cogongrass rhizome membranous leaf sheath. The cross section contour line G (i-j curve) is obtained by bionic reverse solving of an arc structure of the cross section of the cogongrass rhizome membranous leaf sheath, and the mathematical expression of the contour line G is as follows: y =0.00283x 2 -1.2887x, wherein x is: 135-320 mm.
End point linear distance L of arc-shaped structure of cross section of digging shovel 0 Distance H between the center point of the arc line (i-j) and the line i-j 0 Ratio is L 0 :H 0 1 = 11.47. The structure of the profile G can be obtained by wire cutting.
As shown in fig. 1, 4 and 5, the contour lines C of the convex surfaces i 3 and ii 8 are curves a-b, and the mathematical expression of the contour line C is as follows: y = -0.01106x 2 +1.9801x wherein x is: -20 to 100mm.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5Show, protruding face I3 and I4 circular arc transitional coupling of sunken face, protruding face II 8 and sunken face II 9 are circular arc transitional coupling, and wherein protruding face I3 and protruding face II 8 structure are similar trapezium structure, and the last sideline be equipped with fillet r ∈ 0.2 ~ 0.3mm, and the width ratio of protruding face and sunken face is: b 1 :B 2 =5:1; height h of the convex surface 1 Belongs to 0.3-0.5 mm; the concave surface is in a circular arc structure, wherein the radius of the circular arc is r 1 0.20-0.35 mm and the maximum depth h of the concave surface 2 Belongs to 0.1-0.3 mm. The convex structure and the concave structure can be formed by a precision numerical control machine tool processing die or laser engraving.
As shown in FIG. 1, the contour lines C of the convex surfaces I3 and II 8 are bilaterally symmetrical about the central axis 6 and are in accordance with B 1 +B 2 Are equidistantly and parallelly distributed on the upper soil-contacting shovel surface 2 and the lower soil-contacting shovel surface 7. Wherein if the point g is taken as the origin of the two-dimensional coordinate, the curve a-b passes through the origin g.
As shown in fig. 6, a cutting edge 10 is arranged at the rear bottom of the soil-entering end of the lower soil-contacting shovel surface 7 of the digging shovel, an included angle between the cutting edge 10 and the horizontal plane is a clearance angle phi of the digging shovel, and the value range of the clearance angle of the cutting edge is as follows: phi epsilon is 3-6 degrees. Clearance angle phi is the primary factor that causes the blade to compact the soil below and to the side of the blade. The structure can not only ensure the soil-entering capacity of the digging shovel, but also ensure that the soil-entering end of the digging shovel can change the shape of compacted soil under the condition of ensuring the wedging force to be as large as possible, reduce the adhesion of the soil and achieve the aim of reducing resistance.
As shown in fig. 6, the soil entering end of the lower soil-contacting shovel surface 7 is provided with a wedge-shaped shovel blade 11, the wedge angle of the wedge-shaped shovel blade structure is θ, and the value range of θ is as follows: theta belongs to 20-40 degrees, the absolute length is W, and the absolute length of the wedge-shaped shovel edge is W belongs to 30-50 mm. The structure of the wedge-shaped shovel edge is beneficial to the digging shovel to quickly enter the soil in a labor-saving way during operation, and further achieves the current resistance reduction. The wedge-shaped shovel edge structure can be obtained by linear cutting processing.
The bionic excavating shovel is designed mainly aiming at the sticky heavy loam, the thought is based on the excellent resistance-reducing and anti-sticking performance of the cogongrass rhizome membranous leaf sheath when the cogongrass rhizome membranous leaf sheath grows in the soil, the performance of the bionic excavating shovel is mainly related to the microscopic convex-concave structure of the cogongrass rhizome membranous leaf sheath, the comprehensive effect of various structures of the bionic excavating shovel enables the excavating shovel to effectively and quickly enter the soil in a labor-saving manner and dig up soil and potato blocks during operation, the problem that the shoveling surface clay phenomenon is serious can be effectively solved, and the bionic excavating shovel has the characteristics of good soil entering performance, strong soil breaking and crushing capacity, good soil removing effect and small traction resistance, and can improve the potato excavating efficiency and the whole performance of a potato harvester.
Claims (2)
1. A bionic anti-sticking resistance-reducing digging shovel suitable for sticky heavy loam for a potato harvester is characterized by comprising a fixed screw hole (1), an upper soil-contacting shovel surface (2), a convex surface I (3), a concave surface I (4), a shovel handle (5), a lower soil-contacting shovel surface (7), a convex surface II (8) and a concave surface II (9), wherein the convex surface I (3) and the concave surface I (4) are arranged on the upper soil-contacting shovel surface (2); a convex surface II (8) and a concave surface II (9) are arranged on the lower soil-contacting shovel surface (7); the a-b curves of the convex surface I (3) and the convex surface II (8) are contour lines C, wherein the included angle alpha between the connecting line of the two ends of the contour lines C and the central axis (6) is 24 degrees; the i-j curve of the cross section in the upper earth-contacting shovel surface (2) is a contour line G; the side surface of the upper soil-contacting shovel surface (2) is a d-k straight line; the D-c curve of the side surface of the front end of the upper earth-contacting shovel surface (2) entering the earth is an edge contour line D; the front end of the upper soil contacting shovel surface (2) is a c-g straight line, wherein the d point of a d-c curve is superposed with the d point of a d-k straight line; c point of the d-c curve is superposed with c point of the c-g straight line; the shovel handle (5) and the upper soil-contacting shovel surface (2) are intersected on a straight line e-k, wherein the length h-g of the shovel surface is 240-270mm, and the length d-k of the side surface of the upper soil-contacting shovel surface (2) is 140-160mm; the thickness delta of the shovel surface substrate is 6-9mm; the d-k straight line, the d-c curve, the c-g straight line, the convex surface I (3), the concave surface I (4), the convex surface II (8) and the concave surface II (9) are symmetrically distributed around the central axis (6); a shovel blade (10) is arranged at the rear bottom of the soil entering end of the lower soil contacting shovel surface (7); the soil entering end of the lower soil contacting shovel surface (7) is provided with a wedge-shaped shovel blade (11);
the mathematical expression of the edge contour line D is as follows:
y＝-0.053x 2 +3.7768x
in the formula: x is: 40-85 mm;
the mathematical expression of the contour line G is as follows:
y＝0.00283x 2 -1.2887x
in the formula: x is: 135-320 mm;
the upper soil-contacting shovel surface (2) is an arc-shaped convex surface, the lower soil-contacting shovel surface (7) is an arc-shaped concave surface, arc end points i and j are arranged in bilateral symmetry with respect to a central point O, and the distance between the arc end points i and j is L 0 The distance between the central point of the circular arc and the i-j straight line is H 0 And L is 0 :H 0 ＝11.47:1；
Protruding face I (3) and sunken face I (4), protruding face II (8) and sunken face II (9) are the circular arc and are connected, and wherein protruding face I (3) and protruding face II (8) top line are equipped with fillet r epsilon 0.2 ~ 0.3mm, I width B of protruding face 1 Width B of concave surface II 2 The ratio is as follows: b 1 ：B 2 =5:1; height h of convex surface I (3) and convex surface II (8) 1 Comprises the following steps: h is 1 E is 0.3-0.5 mm; the concave surface I (4) and the concave surface II (9) are in circular arc structures, wherein the radius r of the circular arc 1 Comprises the following steps: r is 1 0.20-0.35 mm and the maximum depth h of the concave surface I (4) and the concave surface II (9) 2 Comprises the following steps: h is 2 ∈0.1～0.3mm；
The mathematical expression of the contour line C is:
y＝-0.01106x 2 +1.9801x
in the formula: x is: -20 to 100mm;
contour line C is according to I width B of convex surface 1 + width of concave surface II B 2 Are distributed on the upper earth-contacting shovel surface (2) and the lower earth-contacting shovel surface (7) in parallel.
2. The bionic viscosity-reducing and resistance-reducing digging shovel for potato harvesters suitable for heavy loam of claim 1, wherein: the clearance angle phi between the shovel edge (10) and the horizontal plane is as follows: phi belongs to 3 degrees to 6 degrees; the wedge angle theta of the wedge-shaped shovel edge (11) is as follows: theta belongs to 20-40 degrees; the wedge-shaped shovel edge (11) has an absolute length W of: w is equal to 30-50 mm.
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